戀練有分第8課-完形填空筆記

1、（三）詞匯題：同義詞/反義詞選項(xiàng)解題 （英語(yǔ)一 P33/英語(yǔ)二 p36）詞匯的是完形填空的基礎(chǔ)，那么出題者在命制完形填空選項(xiàng)的時(shí)候往往會(huì)考慮用什么樣的形式來(lái)出題可以大家對(duì)詞匯及上下文邏輯的把握，其中兩種重要的方式就是同義詞選項(xiàng)設(shè)置和反義詞選項(xiàng)設(shè)置。形式：1.同義詞辨析2.反義詞辨析1.【同義詞辨析】這是完形填空的選項(xiàng)命制時(shí)必不可少的式，目的是考生對(duì)于同義詞的正確理解和準(zhǔn)確使用，也是考生非常頭痛的一種選項(xiàng)形式，這也從側(cè)面出對(duì)于詞匯的理解局限在表面，而沒(méi)有深入了解其用法特點(diǎn)和區(qū)別。但這種選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置也有一種好處，由于四個(gè)選項(xiàng)意思一致或相似，使得可以把選項(xiàng)意思直接帶入填空所在句子理解。例題 1：The

2、se workers must be trained,38many nations do nove the nesary traininginstitutions. Thus, the39of importing industryes higher.(2004 大綱樣題)39.AchargeBpriceCcostDvalue例題 2：Strangely, some people findt they can smell one type of flower but not another,9others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers.

3、This may be because some people do novetes nesary to generate10smell receptorshe nose.( 2005 年)10.AunusualB particularC uniqueD typical例題 3：Even when homeless individuals manage to find a12t will give them three meals aday and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day

4、 the street13.12. A lodgingB shelterCdwellingD house1總結(jié)：所以此類題型的難點(diǎn)在于所給詞匯的語(yǔ)境分析，當(dāng)所給的使用語(yǔ)境與原文語(yǔ)境重合時(shí)，即為正確。不重合，則為干擾項(xiàng)。因此，備考考生在背單詞的過(guò)程當(dāng)中不能只注重單詞的大概及基本含義，同時(shí)還要注重使用語(yǔ)境（例句的閱讀）及相關(guān)同義詞在用法上區(qū)別；這樣不僅可以很好解決完形填空的問(wèn)題，同時(shí)也對(duì)后期寫作時(shí)詞匯運(yùn)用準(zhǔn)確性有很大的提高。在本書的附錄部分提供了完型?？嫉?35 組同義詞辨析（附錄 1），請(qǐng)通過(guò)以下練習(xí)熟悉掌握。2.【反義詞辨析】出題者在命制完形填空選項(xiàng)時(shí)，往往使用反義詞或者語(yǔ)義方向相反的詞來(lái)干擾

5、正確，也同時(shí)起到了把握邏輯方向的作用。特點(diǎn)：（1）一對(duì)（兩個(gè)）反義詞（2）一組（多個(gè)）反義詞（1）一對(duì)（兩個(gè)）反義詞當(dāng)在做題是碰見(jiàn)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有一對(duì)（兩個(gè)）詞匯的語(yǔ)義方向相反時(shí)，就是一對(duì)反義詞，那么往往會(huì)在這兩個(gè)互為反義的詞中。例題 1：elligence, it5out, is a high-priced option Is there an adaptive value to9elligence?(2009 年)9. A invisibleB limitedC indefiniteD different例題 2：Although sadness also14tears, evidenugge

6、stst emotions can flow15muscular responses.(2011 年)14.AexhaustsBfollowsCprecedesDsuppresses2（2）一組（多個(gè)）反義詞當(dāng)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)共同兩種不同的語(yǔ)義方向時(shí)，就可以看作是一組（多個(gè)）反義詞。做題時(shí)先找出所需的語(yǔ)義方向，再找到相應(yīng)語(yǔ)義方向中的準(zhǔn)確詞匯。例題 1：As the brain2, we refer to these occurrenas “senior moments.”(2014 年)2.AimprovesBfadesCrecoversDcollapses例題 2：6there was a beft

7、 the new nations should be sovereign and independent ses,large enough to be economically viable andegrated by a7set of laws.7. A uniqueB commonC particularD typical總結(jié)：反義詞的從本質(zhì)上來(lái)講就是文章的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)和邏輯，因此對(duì)上下文語(yǔ)義方向的理解時(shí)做對(duì)題目的關(guān)鍵，也對(duì)后續(xù)試題填空的正確完成提供了幫助。完成英語(yǔ)一 P39 及英語(yǔ)二 P41 的相關(guān)練習(xí)（四）補(bǔ)充修飾成分解題（英語(yǔ)一 p41/英語(yǔ)二 p44）在任何四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，有且只有一個(gè)“最

8、佳”，那么判斷為最佳的方式除了上下文的語(yǔ)義以外，還有所在填空上下文所出現(xiàn)的各種補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或者修飾成分，這些成分限制了的唯一性，因此，這些成分可以被當(dāng)做得出正確的重要線索。形式：1 定語(yǔ)及定語(yǔ)從句線索2 狀語(yǔ)及狀語(yǔ)從句線索3 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)線索1.【定語(yǔ)及定語(yǔ)從句線索】定語(yǔ)及定語(yǔ)從句是常見(jiàn)的修飾限定成分，也是做題的總要線索，無(wú)論所選擇的填空是名詞還是形容詞，只要后面出現(xiàn)了定語(yǔ)從句，都需要考生關(guān)注。3例題 1（分詞做定語(yǔ)）：Part of the problem ist many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And asignific

9、ant number of the homelesse serious mental disorders. Many others,14notaddicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday15skills needed to turn their lives16.(2006 年)15. A lifeB existenceC survivalD maenance例題 2（不定式做定語(yǔ)）：Instead, the studies ended2giving their name to the Hawthorne effect, the extre

10、melyinfluential ideat the very3to being experimented upon changed subjectsbeior.(2010 年)3. A truthB sightC actD proof例題 3（定語(yǔ)從句）：ton Globe reporter Chris Reidynotest thesituation will improve only when there are17programst address the many needs of the homeless.17.A complexB comprehensive C complemen

11、taryD compensating2.【狀語(yǔ)及狀語(yǔ)從句線索】狀語(yǔ)及狀語(yǔ)從句在句子里的作用是描述句子所處的環(huán)境和狀態(tài)，同樣是修飾和限制句子內(nèi)容的重要線索，所以當(dāng)我看見(jiàn)所處填空的前后有狀語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)從句，需要考慮其對(duì)的限制和提示。例題 1（介詞狀語(yǔ)）：He studied the results of 9,323 MBAerviews12by 31 admiss officers. Theerviewers had13applicants on a scale of one to five.13.A assignedB ratedC matchedD arranged例題 2（分詞狀語(yǔ)）：Studi

12、es dating back to the 1930s indicatet laughter8muscles, decreasing muscletone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.48AhardensBweakensCtightensDrelaxes例題 3（狀語(yǔ)從句）：Strangers are inherently8to us, so we are more likely to feel9whencommunicating with them compared with our friends and acquaan.（

13、15 年英語(yǔ)二）9. A comfortableB anxiousC confidentD angry3.【標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)線索】英語(yǔ)中的多種修飾限制除了定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)外，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)也可以作為判斷可以參考的依據(jù)，如兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間的語(yǔ)，破折號(hào)和冒號(hào)后的解釋說(shuō)明等。例題：18, they would hope to study a19question: Are humanually aware of theworld they live in?（2009 年）19.A fundamentalB comprehensiveC equivalentD hostile總結(jié)補(bǔ)充修飾成分解題是通過(guò)上下文中出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)義修飾線索

14、來(lái)解題，運(yùn)用的關(guān)鍵在于對(duì)這些線索的熟知了理解。完成課后練習(xí)英語(yǔ)一 P44 和英語(yǔ)二 P47，熟悉相關(guān)線索（五）介詞性質(zhì)線索解題介詞題是每年都會(huì)出現(xiàn)的題型，雖然此種題型看起來(lái)比較簡(jiǎn)單，但往往這些題會(huì)是考生們丟分的地方。題型難點(diǎn)在對(duì)于介詞本身的多種性質(zhì)和用法不熟悉，而且對(duì)常用的固定搭配不熟悉。形式：介詞本身的性質(zhì)和用法（參閱英語(yǔ)一 P46/英語(yǔ)二 P50）5例題 1：elligence, it5out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and isslow6the starting line becaus

15、e（2009 年）6. A offB behindC overD along例題 2：It was during the same timet the communications revolution 25up , beginning withtransport, the railway , and leading26through theegraph , theegraph ,radio , andmotion pictures27the 20th century world of the motor car and the airplane.（2002 年真題）26. A onB out

16、C overD off27. A ofB forCDo例題 3：The study is a genome-wideysis conducted31,932 unique subjects which4pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers.3. A forB withC onD byHe studied the results of 9,323 MBAerviews12by 31 admiss officers. Theerviewers had13applicants on a scale of one to five. Thi

17、s scale14numerousfactorso consideration.12.AinspiredBexpressedCconductedD secured注意區(qū)分兩次所使用的介詞的差別所在。例題 3：The study is a genome-wideysis conducted31,932 unique subjects which4pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers.3. A forB withC onD by6總結(jié)：介詞題看似簡(jiǎn)單，實(shí)則充滿陷阱，很多考生僅憑自己的語(yǔ)感來(lái)判斷是很容易錯(cuò)誤的；因?yàn)橥瑯拥慕樵~本身的意思是

18、有規(guī)律的，其使用也是有邏輯的，可以在熟知的情況下來(lái)理性分析，從而判斷出正確。完成課后練習(xí)英語(yǔ)一 P47 英語(yǔ)二 P51, 熟悉相關(guān)介詞用法。（六）固定詞組搭配題固定搭配顧名思義就是固定的搭配，這種類型的題目需要通過(guò)平時(shí)的不斷積累和熟悉才能比較好的解決。在出題時(shí)組要從兩種形式來(lái)，一種是通過(guò)介詞，因?yàn)榇蟛糠值墓潭ù钆涠际呛徒樵~相關(guān)的搭配；另一種是通過(guò)實(shí)詞如名詞，動(dòng)詞來(lái)。形式：（1）介詞的搭配（2）名詞及動(dòng)詞的搭配例題 1（介詞）：Instead, the studies ended2giving their name to the Hawthorne effect, the extremelyin

19、fluential ideat the very3to being experimented upon changed subjects beior.（2010 年）2. A atB upC withD off例題 2（名詞）：The group in8are a particular people originated from central Europe. The pros isnatural selection.（2008 年）8.A progressB factC needD question例題 3（動(dòng)詞）Neuroscientists, experts who study the

20、 nervous system, are increasingly showingt there sactually a lott can be done. It6outt the brain needs exerciseuch the sameway our muscles do.（2014 年）6.AturnsBfindsCposDfigures7總結(jié)：固定搭配解題的關(guān)鍵在于熟悉各類常用搭配，在附錄部分（附錄 2）總結(jié)了常考固定搭配匯總，考生可以熟悉并。完成課后練習(xí)英語(yǔ)一 P51 英語(yǔ)二 P55, 熟悉相關(guān)詞組（七）成分分析法當(dāng)無(wú)法從上下文獲得足夠的出題或解題線索時(shí)只有依靠對(duì)于選項(xiàng)的基本語(yǔ)

21、法分析和語(yǔ)義搭配來(lái)答題，并同時(shí)剝離次要信息。形式：（1）主謂搭配及動(dòng)賓搭配（2）名詞及形容詞例題 1（動(dòng)詞）：During the 1980s, unemployment and underemployment in some countries was as high as 90percent. Some countries did not31enough food; basic needs in housing and clothingwere not32. Many of these countries looked to the industrial proses of the dev

22、elopednations33solutions.32. AansweredBmetCcalculatedDremembered語(yǔ)法成分：“needs were not ”例題 2（動(dòng)詞）；When the court deals with sol policy decis, the law it16is inescapablypolitical-which is why decis split along ideological lines are so easily17as unjust.16. AexcludesBquestionsCshsD controls語(yǔ)法成分：“ It (the

23、 court) the law”例題 3（名詞）；As was discussed before , it was not22the 19th centuryt the newspr became thedominant pre-electronic23.（2002 年）23.A meansB methodC mediumD measure語(yǔ)法成分：“the newspr became the ”8總結(jié)：由于文章類型多為各學(xué)科的相關(guān)話題，因此其句子的復(fù)雜程度會(huì)是影響考生正確答題的關(guān)鍵，在這個(gè)時(shí)候的最好方法是根據(jù)所需填空的詞性來(lái)找到其所需的關(guān)鍵及信息，去除掉不必要的次要信息，為正確把握語(yǔ)義奠定基

24、礎(chǔ)。完成課后練習(xí)英語(yǔ)一 P57 英語(yǔ)二 P63, 熟悉方法。（八）語(yǔ)法搭配題 : 從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇和使用（近三年連續(xù)在英語(yǔ)一和二的新題）題型難點(diǎn)：對(duì)各種從句結(jié)構(gòu)不熟悉，對(duì)從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇和把握能力欠缺。解題方法：常用引導(dǎo)詞法1.【名詞性從句】（主語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)）常考詞匯：t, which, what， who， whose，whom，when，where，how，why特點(diǎn)：往往出現(xiàn)在句首，動(dòng)詞之后或者 be 動(dòng)詞之后。區(qū)別：A.t 往往不放句首引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。B.t 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句后文句子成分和結(jié)構(gòu)完整。C. 其他名從的引導(dǎo)詞均充當(dāng)句子中的成分缺啥補(bǔ)啥原則：We suddenlycant r

25、emember1ut the keys just a moment ago, oran oldacquaanname, or the name of an old band we used to love.（14 年英語(yǔ)一）1.AwhereBwhenCtDwhy填空后文不完成整不能用t，缺少地點(diǎn)選擇 whereThough not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% ofgenes.t is1a study, published from the Universit

26、y of California and Yale Universityhe Proceedings of the National Academy of Scien, has2.（15 年英語(yǔ)一）1. A whatB whyC howD when2. A defendedBC withdrawnD advised填空后文不完成整，做修飾代詞t 的表語(yǔ)，且后文缺少內(nèi)容選擇what9people work differently. They re more productive, more creative, and willing to takegreater risks. And new re

27、search suggestsppiness might influence1firms work,too.（16 年英語(yǔ)二）1.A whyB whereC howD when填空后文不完成整，缺少前文所提及的方式選擇 How分類（補(bǔ)充）：2.【定語(yǔ)從句】?？荚~匯： t，which，as特點(diǎn)：出現(xiàn)在名詞之后，后接從句不完整，缺少成分;區(qū)別：A. 逗號(hào)之后用不能用t。（語(yǔ)所帶逗號(hào)除外）B. 介詞之后不能用t。C. As 出現(xiàn)在句首。3.【同位語(yǔ)從句】?？荚~匯： t特點(diǎn)：出現(xiàn)在名詞之后，后接從句完整，不缺少成分。區(qū)別：定語(yǔ)從句后面的句子不完整。例 1：Its thirty years since

28、we last met.But I still remember the story, beve it or not, we got lost on a rainy night.AwhichBtCwhatDwhen例 2： can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle involves the activeparticipation of the patienthe modification of his condition.A AsB WhatCtD It10總結(jié)：語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)歷來(lái)在完型考場(chǎng)上都是缺失和少見(jiàn)的，但最近三年對(duì)名詞性從句的連續(xù)明顯是針對(duì)考生在該方面的欠缺所設(shè)置的。這種題型規(guī)律性好，提高快，考生切不可忽略。完成課后練習(xí)英語(yǔ)一 P55 英語(yǔ)二 P60,熟悉規(guī)則和規(guī)律。所有考點(diǎn)做到熟知，技巧熟練，改變思維方