國(guó)際化與全球化

1、研究廣電國(guó)際化的兩個(gè)理論框架現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展主義：每個(gè)國(guó)家經(jīng)過(guò)相同的步驟，在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的幫助下，都可以實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化，廣電傳媒是幫助不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家現(xiàn)代化的重要工具。文化帝國(guó)主義：The critical argument that powerful nations and regions (especially those of the Western world) dominate less developed nations and regions by exporting values and ideologies.媒體帝國(guó)主義： The critical argument that powerful

2、nations and cultures (especially the USA) exert control over other nations and cultures through the media products they export or through forming large media conglomerates that dominate world market.全球聯(lián)系不斷擴(kuò)張，人類(lèi)生活在全球規(guī)模的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展及全球意識(shí)的崛起。全球化亦可以解釋為世界的壓縮和視全球?yàn)橐粋€(gè)整體1全球化的理論家馬克思（資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)）吉登斯（資本主義、世界軍事秩序、全球信息系統(tǒng)、民族國(guó)

3、家體系）阿帕杜來(lái)From Arjun Appadurai, Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of GlobalizationEthnoscapes: mobile populationsTechnoscapes: technology flow all over the worldFinancescapes: currency markets, stock exchanges, commodity speculationsMediascapes: information production and distribution primary wa

4、y through which imagined communities are constructedIdeoscapes: political ideas flowing all over the world2Globalization as a (Last?) Stage of ModernityModern industry has established the world market, for which the discovery of America paved the way. This market has given an immense development to

5、commerce, to navigation, to communication by land. This development has, in its turn, reacted on the extension of industry; and in proportion as industry, commerce, navigation, railways extended, in the same proportion the bourgeoisie developed, increased its capital, and pushed into the background

6、every class handed down from the Middle Ages.3Globalization Driven by EconomyAll old-established national industries have been destroyed or are daily being destroyed.They are dislodged by new industries, whose introduction becomes a life and death question for all civilized nations, by industries th

7、at no longer work up indigenous raw material, but raw material drawn from the remotest zones; industries whose products are consumed, not only at home, but in every quarter of the globe.4The Cultural Consequences of Globalization(And) as in material, so also in intellectual production. The intellectual creations of individual nations become common property. National one-sidedness and narrow-mindedness become more and more impossible, and from the numerous national and local literatures, there arises a world literature.5全球化與電視技術(shù)全球化與“數(shù)字鴻溝”。全球媒體的出現(xiàn)：經(jīng)濟(jì)壟斷與