chapter_6__terms of payment

1、Chapter 6PaymentTermsv1. Instruments (means) of Paymentv Currencyv Bills v Draftv Promissory Notev Chequev2. Modes of Paymentv Remittancev Collectionv L/CPayment TermsI.Payment InstrumentsVarious meansdraft 匯票匯票 (most common instrument of payment) Promissory notes 本票本票, 期票期票Checks (sometimes used)Mo

2、ney orders 匯票匯票Credit cards cashcashRarely used except for small transactions (involve large sum of sum-very dangerous e.g. 爆頭哥)Credit card Not widely usedVerification with and approval from the credit card company be inconvenient and time-consuming1) draft/Bill of ExchangevDefinitionvBasic contents

3、 of a draft vTypes of draftvUse of draftvThe Roles of Bills of Exchange（1）Definition vDefinition of bill of exchangeIt is defined officially as an unconditional order in writing, signed by one party to another, requesting the second party to pay on demand, or at a future time, a certain amount of mo

4、ney, to a specified party or to the order of him.drawerdraweepayeenature憑憑xxx（of后面的名字）后面的名字）指示的付款指示的付款 .付款人, 受票人 出票人 收款人，取款人匯票：匯票： 由出票人簽發(fā)的，由出票人簽發(fā)的，要求付款人在見票時(shí)或在一定期限內(nèi)，要求付款人在見票時(shí)或在一定期限內(nèi)，向收款人或持票人無條件支付一定款項(xiàng)向收款人或持票人無條件支付一定款項(xiàng)的票據(jù)。的票據(jù)。匯票是無條件付款的命令！v出票人的一種命令，命令付款人對受款人進(jìn)行無條件付款或者承兌的命令。Parties involvedvThe drawer: vT

5、he draweevThe payee收款人，取款人收款人，取款人I (drawer) order you (drawee) to pay someone (payee)出票出票提示提示付款、承付款、承兌兌 出票人出票人 收款人收款人 付款人（受票人）付款人（受票人）Bill of ExchangevNo.20042 Shanghai, March 27th, 2005 vEXCHANGE for HKD236,000.00 vAt 30 days sight of this FIRST Exchange (Second of Exchange being unpaid) pay to the

6、 order of Bank of China, (受票人，付款人受票人，付款人) Shanghai the sum of HK DOLLARS TWO HUNDRED AND THIRTY-SIX THOUSAND ONLYvDrawn under Bank of China, Hong Kong L/C No.2003056 Dated Jan. 10. 2005vTo: Bank of China, （付款人） China Machinery &Equipmentv Hong Kong Import & Export Corp., Shanghai Branch 張揚(yáng)（出票人簽章） EX

7、CHANGE for: 后填小寫金額后填小寫金額FIRSTSECOND: 分別指第一份匯票第二份匯票. 匯票一般一式兩份,銀行只付其中一份, 剩下的一份自動作廢. 既所謂的付一不付二,付二不付一.見本匯票后_天付款(第二份匯票不付). pay to the order of Bank of China: “憑XX銀行指示(3) Types of DraftvCommercial draft and Bankers draft vSight draft and Time draftvClean draft and Documentary draftCommercial draft and Ban

8、kers draftuCommercial draft商業(yè)匯票Drawn by a firm or an exporter Difference According to the different drawersDrawee： firm， or bank Feature: More risksBankers draft銀行匯票vdrawn by a bank on another bank.Feature: Little riskApplication: used in international trade In settlement of paymentSight Draft and T

9、ime DraftSight draft即期匯票即期匯票vpayable on presentation to the drawee, i.e. when sighted by him.匯票在提示提示時(shí)就付款Time/usance Draft遠(yuǎn)期匯票遠(yuǎn)期匯票Payable in a specified number of days afteruIts date of issueuIts date of acceptanceuThe date of B/L uAt a fixed dateTime/usance Draft遠(yuǎn)期匯票遠(yuǎn)期匯票at xx days after acceptance (

10、sight).at xx days after issue. at xx days after B/L date(4) at Jan.12, 2011 fixedClean draft and Documentary draftClean draft 光票Documentary draft跟單匯票Paid without the presentation of any other documents attachedA bankers draft is usually cleanShould be paid only when certain documents have been attac

11、hed to and presented together with the draft Commercial drafts are usually documentary Documentary draft跟單匯票隨附單據(jù)一般為提單、 倉單、保險(xiǎn)單、裝箱單、發(fā)票、檢疫檢驗(yàn)證書、原產(chǎn)地證明等等。 L/C的含義及性質(zhì)L/C是由一家銀行(開證行)應(yīng)客戶(申請人)的要求和指示或以自身的名義，在符合信用證條款的條件下，憑規(guī)定的單據(jù)：向第三者(受益人)或其指定人付款，或承兌并支付受益人出具的匯票；授權(quán)另一家銀行付款，或承兌并支付該匯票；或授權(quán)另一家銀行議付。即：信用證是銀行根據(jù)進(jìn)口人的要求，向出口人信用

12、證是銀行根據(jù)進(jìn)口人的要求，向出口人開立的有條件的付款保證書。開立的有條件的付款保證書。信用證的性質(zhì)屬于銀行信用。（2）The parties Involved in L/CApplicant & BeneficiaryBuyer、openersellerIssuing bank & Advising (notifying) bank通知行：advises the credit At the request of the Issuing bank without anyundertaking to honor or negotiate（2）The parties Involved in L/CC

13、onfirming bank (保兌行)adds its own undertaking to that of the issuing banke.g. If issuing bank refuses to pay,Beneficiary can ask the confirmingBank to make payment Paying bank （付款行）Negotiating bank （議付行）the bank that Negotiates 議付議付or discounts 貼現(xiàn) the beneficiarys draft. discount遠(yuǎn)期匯票經(jīng)承兌后，遠(yuǎn)期匯票經(jīng)承兌后，匯票持

14、有人在匯票匯票持有人在匯票尚未到期前在貼現(xiàn)市場上轉(zhuǎn)讓，尚未到期前在貼現(xiàn)市場上轉(zhuǎn)讓，受讓人扣除貼現(xiàn)息后受讓人扣除貼現(xiàn)息后將票款付給出讓人的行為將票款付給出讓人的行為，或銀行購買未到期的票據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)，或銀行購買未到期的票據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)E,g, 金額：金額： 100 萬萬還有三個(gè)月到期：還有三個(gè)月到期： 利息約利息約1萬萬經(jīng)過貼現(xiàn)，匯票持有人可以獲得：經(jīng)過貼現(xiàn)，匯票持有人可以獲得：100-1=99 萬萬Negotiate 是根據(jù)是根據(jù)開證行開證行在在議付信用證議付信用證中的授權(quán)，中的授權(quán)，買進(jìn)買進(jìn)受益人受益人提交的提交的匯票匯票和單據(jù)的銀行。和單據(jù)的銀行。 （2）The parties Involved in

15、L/CAccepting bank承兌行承兌行Remitting bank匯出行匯出行/寄單行寄單行The bank Which sends theDocuments to the Issuing bank(4) Workflow of L/CvAvAvAvAApplicantAdvising/ NegotiatingbankBeneficiaryIssuing bankThe general procedure of using a L/Cstep1. The buyer and seller conclude a sales contract specifying documentary

16、credit as the method of payment.step2. The buyer instructs his bank, the issuing bank to issue a credit in favor of the seller.3. The issuing bank opens the credit and sends it to the advising bank.4. The advising bank informs the seller (beneficiary) that the credit has been issued. As soon as the

17、seller receives the credit and is satisfied with the terms and conditions, he is in a position to load the goods and dispatch them.Step 5. the seller then send the documents evidencing the shipment to the negotiating bank and the bank will negotiate according to the terms of the credit.Step 6. The b

18、ank sends the documents to the issuing bank.Step 7. The bank effects payment in accordance with the credit if the documents meet the requirements.Step 8. The issuing bank releases the documents to the buyer upon payment of the amount due, or upon other agreed terms between the buyer and the issuing

19、bank(5) types of L/CvIrrevocable L/C and revocable L/CvConfirmed L/C and Unconfirmed L/CvSight L/C and Time or Usance L/CvTransferable L/CvBack-to-back L/CvRevolving L/CSight L/C (Read by yourselves)vSight L/C: the issuing bank or nominated paying bank makes payment at sight of the required document

20、s and draft. And the buyer makes sight payment, too.Time L/C (Read by yourselves)vThe issuing bank or nominated paying bank will make payment at the specified time after receiving the documents and draft.vThe seller is financing the transaction.Irrevocable L/C and revocable L/C (Read by yourselves)v

21、An irrevocable L/C: cannot be amended or cancelled without express permission of all parties, i.e. the beneficiary, the applicant and the banks (issuing bank and confirming bank, if any).vA revocable L/C?vBlank indication means what?.Confirmed L/C and Unconfirmed L/C (Read by yourselves)vA confirmed

22、 L/C gives double guarantee to the beneficiary by adding the confirmation of another bank.vThe issuing bank may dishonor the credit.Transferable L/C可轉(zhuǎn)讓可轉(zhuǎn)讓 Untransferable L/CuDefinition: one that can be transferred (only once)By the original (first) beneficiary to another (second) beneficiary uApplic

23、ation: normally used when the first beneficiary doesnt supply some or all the merchandise himself, but is only a middleman and thus wishes to transferPart, or all, of his rights and Obligations to the Actual supplier(s) as second beneficiary 可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證指經(jīng)可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證指經(jīng)出口商出口商請求，請求，進(jìn)口商進(jìn)口商同意，同意， 由由開證銀行開證銀行開立可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用

24、證，并載明授權(quán)開立可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證，并載明授權(quán)受益人（即原信用證受益人）有權(quán)將信用證受益人（即原信用證受益人）有權(quán)將信用證所列金額的全部或部分所列金額的全部或部分轉(zhuǎn)讓轉(zhuǎn)讓給出口商以外的給出口商以外的第三者，即第二受益人（第三者，即第二受益人（Second Beneficiary）有權(quán)使用轉(zhuǎn)讓后的權(quán)力。）有權(quán)使用轉(zhuǎn)讓后的權(quán)力。 e.g. 如果有供應(yīng)商如果有供應(yīng)商A，買家，買家B，中間商，中間商C。買家買家B開立以開立以C為受益人的可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證，為受益人的可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證， C收到信用證后，向銀行申請轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證，收到信用證后，向銀行申請轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證， 將將A作為第二受益人，轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證有全部轉(zhuǎn)讓或作為第二受益

25、人，轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證有全部轉(zhuǎn)讓或部分轉(zhuǎn)讓。部分轉(zhuǎn)讓。 比如第一張比如第一張B開的信用證金額是開的信用證金額是100萬，萬， C可以將可以將100萬全部轉(zhuǎn)讓給萬全部轉(zhuǎn)讓給A， 或者轉(zhuǎn)讓部分金額給或者轉(zhuǎn)讓部分金額給A，從中賺取差價(jià)。，從中賺取差價(jià)。 Back-to-back L/C (Read by yourselves)vDefinition vThe back-to-back L/C is opened at the request of the middleman when the actual buyer has opened a L/C in his favor. He use the L/C

26、 as collateral and ask the bank to open another L/C with actual supplier as the beneficiary.vThe coordination between the two creditsRevolving L/C (Read by yourselves)vIt is usually used by an importer who anticipates a regular flow of merchandise from a particular foreign supplier.vIt is issued for

27、 a specific amount which renews itself for the same amount over a given period or when certain amount of money is used up.1. Remittance（匯付） According to the terms and time stipulated in the contract, the remittance is classified into 3 kinds: 1)Mail transfer (M/T) （信匯）：by mail 信匯是匯出行應(yīng)匯款人的申請，用航空信函的形式

28、，指示出口國匯入行解付一定金額的款項(xiàng)給收款人的匯款方式。信匯的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是費(fèi)用較低廉，但收款人收到匯款的時(shí)間較遲。 2)Telegraphic transfer (T/T)（電匯）：by cable 電匯是匯出行應(yīng)匯款人的申請，拍發(fā)加押電報(bào)或電傳給在另一國家的分行或代理行（即匯入行）解付一定金額給收款人的一種匯款方式。 3)Demand draft (D/D)（票匯）：The buyer buys a draft from a local bank and sends it by mail to the seller, the seller or his appointed person can c

29、ollect money from the relative bank at his end against the draft sent by the buyer.v票匯是指匯出行應(yīng)匯款人的申請，代匯款人開立以其分行或代理行為解付行的銀行即期匯票，支付一定金額給收款人的匯款方式。 2. Collection（托收）是出口人在貨物裝運(yùn)后，開是出口人在貨物裝運(yùn)后，開具以進(jìn)口方為付款人的匯票（隨附或不隨付貨具以進(jìn)口方為付款人的匯票（隨附或不隨付貨運(yùn)單據(jù)），委托出口地銀行通過它在進(jìn)口地的運(yùn)單據(jù)），委托出口地銀行通過它在進(jìn)口地的分行或代理行代出口人收取貨款一種結(jié)算方式。分行或代理行代出口人收取貨款一種

30、結(jié)算方式。 1)The remitting bank（托收行）：appointed by the exporter to collect the proceeds of sales. 2)The collecting bank（代收行）：appointed by the remitting bank to collect the proceeds from the importer, usually a branch office abroad or a correspondent bank of the remitting bank. 3)Kinds of collection A) Doc

31、uments against payment (D/P): 付款交單 D/P at sight; D/P after sight 是出口人的交單以進(jìn)口人的付款為條件，即出口人將匯票連同貨運(yùn)單據(jù)交給銀行托收時(shí)，指示銀行只有在進(jìn)口人付清貨款時(shí)，才能交出貨運(yùn)單據(jù) B) Documents against acceptance (D/A):承兌交單 D/A is always after sight 指出口人的交單以進(jìn)口人在匯票上承兌為條件。即出口人在裝運(yùn)貨物后開具遠(yuǎn)期匯票，連同商業(yè)單據(jù)，通過銀行向進(jìn)口人提示，進(jìn)口人承兌匯票后，代收銀行即將商業(yè)單據(jù)交給進(jìn)口人，在匯票到期時(shí)，方履行付款義務(wù)。承兌交單是進(jìn)

32、口人只要在匯票上辦理承兌之后，即可取得商業(yè)單據(jù)，憑以提取貨物。 vestabliahsh/open an L/c with a bankvIssue an L/c by a bankvL/C will be opened (establiahsh)in a few days with the bank of china.vWe have asked our bank to issue an L/C in a few days.v vdraw v. 開出(匯票)（索取款項(xiàng)）vdraw on sb for against sth vAs agreed, we are drawing (a draf

33、t) on you for the value of this sample shipment.v按約定，我們將開出一張匯票向你方索取這批樣貨的價(jià)款。vWe are drawing on you at sight(at 30 days) against your purchase of 200 sets of color TV sets.v對于你方購買的200臺彩電，我們將開出即期匯票向你方索取貨款。 Case 1賣方貨物已經(jīng)等待裝運(yùn)，但還沒收到買方的信用證，敬請買方盡快開立信用證。Key Points 1. 貨物已裝運(yùn)貨物已裝運(yùn)2.還未收到信用證還未收到信用證3.請買方盡快開立信用證請買方盡

34、快開立信用證Useful Sentencesv1. Please do your utmost to expedite its establishment of the relevant L/C.v2. We are eager to know when you can open the relative L/C as the goods have been ready for shipment for quite a few days.v3. But much to our disappointment, we have not received your L/C yet.請盡快開立相關(guān)信用

35、證。我方想知道你方何時(shí)能開立相關(guān)信用證，因?yàn)樨浳镆呀?jīng)準(zhǔn)備裝運(yùn)很久了。但令我方失望的是，至今還未收到你方的信用證。Useful Sentencesv4. We wish to inform you that the goods under S/C NO. 123 have been ready for quite some time.v5. If orders are booked for prompt shipment, it is necessary to establish L/C by telex.我方通知您編號為123的信用證已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好一段時(shí)間了。為了訂單能夠及時(shí)裝運(yùn)，有必要通過電傳開

36、立信用證Case 2買方通知賣方信用證已開立，請賣方確認(rèn)在九月內(nèi)發(fā)貨裝運(yùn)。Key Points 1. 信用證已開信用證已開2. 請賣方確認(rèn)發(fā)貨請賣方確認(rèn)發(fā)貨Useful Sentencesv1. An irrevocable, transferable L/C would be most appropriate.v2. We will open an irrevocable L/C in your favor within 10 days from the date of the contract.v3. I wonder if we can make payment for this ord

37、er by documentary collection.不可撤銷的可轉(zhuǎn)讓的信用證最合適。我方將開具以你方為受益人的不可撤銷的信用證，自合同之日期10日內(nèi)有效。我方是否可以用跟單托收的方式來支付定單。Useful Sentencesv4. In terms of payment, we could only accept confirmed, irrevocable L/C.v5. To be on the safe side, we insist on payment by L/C.關(guān)于支付方式，我們只接受保兌的，不可撤銷的信用證。從安全角度出發(fā)，我方堅(jiān)持信用證付款。Case 3買方收到的信

38、用證有與協(xié)議不符合之處，主要是裝運(yùn)方式上有不一致，要求賣方修改。Key Points 1. 信用證有不符之處信用證有不符之處2. 要求修改要求修改Useful Sentencesv1. The Bill of Lading should be marked “Freight Collect” instead of “Freight Prepaid”.v2. Please insert the word “about” before the quantity in your L/C No. 345.v3. Please amend L/C No. 789 to read “This L/C wi

39、ll expire on July 12, 2007.”提貨單上應(yīng)該是運(yùn)費(fèi)到付而不是運(yùn)費(fèi)預(yù)付。請?jiān)谀惴骄幪枮?45的信用證上的數(shù)量前插入單詞“大約”。請修正編號789的信用證為“該信用證到2007年7月12日有效。Useful Sentencesv4. We regret to say that we have found some discrepancies after examining it carefully.v5. The amount in your L/C appears insufficient. Please increase the amount by $700.在仔細(xì)檢查

40、后，我方很遺憾的發(fā)現(xiàn)有些不符之處。你方信用證上的數(shù)量不足。請?jiān)黾?00美元。BackCase 4買方已經(jīng)收到賣方的信用證，但因?yàn)榇粏栴}，不能及時(shí)裝運(yùn)，故要求賣方展延信用證，同時(shí)對引起的不便表示歉意。Key Points 不能及時(shí)裝運(yùn)，不能及時(shí)裝運(yùn)，要求延展信用證要求延展信用證Useful Sentencesv1. The credit should be opened one month before the date of shipment.v2. The L/C should be valid for 15 days after the date of shipment.v3. We c

41、an find no reason to explain why your relative letter of credit has not reached us yet.信用證應(yīng)在裝運(yùn)期一個(gè)月前開立。信用證應(yīng)在裝運(yùn)期15天后到期。我方發(fā)現(xiàn)你方的信用證至今未到達(dá)。Useful Sentencesv4. Unless your L/C advice faxed us the soonest possible, our contract will be terminated.v5. Your prompt attention and cooperation in this matter will

42、 be highly appreciated. 除非你方盡快把信用證傳真給我方，否則合同將中止。我方將很感激你方及時(shí)的關(guān)注和合作。BackCase 5買方希望賣方同意用托收里的付款交單的方式來支付貨款，并且希望得到對方的早日回復(fù)。 Key Points 買方希望支付方式買方希望支付方式用付款交單用付款交單Useful Sentencesv1. However, in view of our friendly relations, we will accept payment for your trial order on D/P basis as an exception case.v2. I

43、n order to pave the way for your promotion of our products in your market, we will accept D/P at sight as a special accommodation.v3. We sincerely hope you can give us your most favorable consideration, and await your early reply.然而，鑒于我們的友好關(guān)系，我方將作為特例，接受你方的首次訂單用付款交單的方式支付。為了你方在市場上更好地推廣產(chǎn)品，我方將作為特例接受付款交單

44、的支付方式。我方真誠希望你方能給予誠摯的考慮，并等待著你們的早日回復(fù)。Useful Sentencesv4. We are sorry to inform you that the listed terms of payment do not correspond to customary business practice.v5. Considering that it is your first order, we can accept D/P payment terms as a special accommodation.我方很遺憾地通知你方，所列支付方式和慣例不符?？紤]到是你方的首次

45、訂單，我們作為特例接受付款交單的支付方式。BackCase one Dear Mr Smith, Thank you for your order for 5,000 dozen shirts by your letter of 10 February. We have considered your proposal to pay a 30-day letter of credit. We do not usually accept time credit. However, in view of our long and mutually beneficial relationship,

46、we are willing to make an exception this time. We must stress that this departure from our usual practice relates to this transaction only. We cannot regard it as setting a precedent for future transcations. We enclose our sales Contract No. TL120 covering the order. We would be grateful if you foll

47、ow the usual procedure. Yours faithfully,1.pay v. 付（款，費(fèi)用） pay in advance 預(yù)付 Pay by installments 分期付款 pay on delivery 貨到付款 payable a. 應(yīng)付的（款項(xiàng)）；可付的 bills payable 應(yīng)付票據(jù) amount payable 應(yīng)付金額 account payable 應(yīng)付賬款 a check payable at sight 見票即付的支票Notes to case onevpayment n. 支付，支付的款 payment in advance 預(yù)付貨款 de

48、ferred payment 延期付款 cash payment 現(xiàn)金付款 full payment 全額付款 in payment of 付某種費(fèi)用的款，如發(fā)票、傭金等 in payment for 付某種具體實(shí)物的款，如廣告、商品、樣品等vWe enclose a check for US3，000 in payment of all commissions due to you up to date. 隨信附上3000美元支票一張，以支付截至目前所欠你放全部傭金。 We have received your check for 300 in payment for the samples

49、 we sent you last month. 收到你放300美元支票一張，支付我方上個(gè)月寄給貴公司的樣品。2. departure n. 背離，違背；離開（常接介詞from)e.g. It is a departure from your promise. We can get the goods ready before the ships departure.3. usual practice 通常慣例，習(xí)慣 international business practice 國際商務(wù) 慣例e.g. It is our usual practice to ask for sight L/C

50、, no matter the order is large-sized or small-sized.4. regard v. 把看作，把認(rèn)為（后接介詞 as）e.g. We regard your market as one of promising markets in USA.5. precedent n. 先例，慣例 set a precedent 開創(chuàng)先例 take sth. as a precedent 將某事當(dāng)做先例e.g. Our accommodation in this respect should not set a precedent for future trans

51、actions.v親愛的Smith先生：感謝你2月10號來函訂購5000打襯衫。（1打12個(gè)）我們考慮了你關(guān)于用一個(gè)30日信用證付款的提議。通常我們不接受有時(shí)限的信用證。然而，為了我們兩方今后長遠(yuǎn)和更多的利益關(guān)系，我們決定破例一次。必須強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，這種破例做法僅限于此次交易。在今后的交易中，我們還是不能接受這種信用證。附上針對此次訂單的銷售合同，第TL120號。如果您能夠遵循程序我們將萬分感激。Yours faithfully, Enc. vDear sirs,v thank you for your letter of 15 februay, asking for a change in pa

52、yment terms.vDear sirs,vWe have received your irrevocable L/C No.123 in the amount of 10000ps about 100M/Ts opened with london bank. we regret to say that we have found some discrepancies upon checking with our S/C.in order to ensure timely shipment, please amend the L/C as follows:vthe name of the

53、beneficiary should read qingdao guangda textiles import and export corporation instead of shangdong textiles import and export corporation. vPlease insert the word about before the quantity and amount in your L/CvThe shipment date should be on or before 2 March instead of before 2 March. vAs the tim

54、e of shipment is approaching ,please make the necessary amendments by fax the soonest possible so that we can effect shipment in time. vdiscrepancy n. 差異，不同，不符點(diǎn)vThe seller is liable for the refund of the extra cost because of the discrepancy in weight.v賣方應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)退還因重量差異而多收的貨款。vThere are several discrepan

55、cies between the clauses of the L/C and the terms of the contract. v信用證條款與合同條款有幾點(diǎn)不符之處。vrather than 而非，而不是 v instead of 代替, 而不是vRather than extended the L/C, the buyer asked us to ship the goods as scheduled.v = Instead of extending the L/C, the buyer asked us to ship the goods as scheduled.v 買方?jīng)]有展證，

56、而是要求我們立刻裝運(yùn)。vdelete v.t. 刪除， 刪去 vPlease delete this clause, for it doesnt comply with the terms of our contract.v請刪除這一條款，因?yàn)樗覀兊暮贤环We would like to ask you to delete “partial shipment is not allowed” from the L/C.v請把“不允許分批裝運(yùn)”從信用證中刪除。vWhen writing a letter concerning terms of payment，the following

57、structure is often used:v1. Put forward the problem of terms of payment.v2. Present the desired terms of payment andvexplain why this mode of payment is preferred or why other terms of payment cannot be accepted.v3. Close the letter by expressing expectations of an early reply or suggesting future b

58、usiness dealings. vThe following structure is for your reference in writing a letter urging establishment of L/C:vOpen the letter in a positive way. For example, in the first paragraph the seller usually informs the buyer that the goods are ready for dispatch or that the shipping space has already b

59、een booked. vPolitely push the buyers to open the L/C without delay, either by referring to the stipulations of the contract or by reminding the buyers of the seriousness of not opening the L/C in time.v3. Express expectations and ask the buyers to take immediate action.vThe following structure is f

60、or your reference in writing a letter asking for L/C amendment or extension: v1. Acknowledge receipt of the L/C and thank the buyer for opening it.v2. Point out the problem politely and ask the buyer to make the amendment accordingly. Usually, detailed and courteous explanations for such a request s