UnitGreatScientists

1、 Unit 1 Great ScientistsWarming Up There are some great scientific achievements that have changed the world. Can you name some of them? What kind of role do they play in the field of science ? Do these achievements have anything in common? Match the inventions with their inventors below before you a

2、nswer all these questions. Alexander Bell electricity Thomas Edison the First telephoneLaite Brothers the electric LampMadame Curie black holes in UniverseFranklin Theory of GravitySteven Hawking the First PlaneElbert Einstein RadiumIsaac Newton the Theory of Relativity1.Which scientist discovered t

3、hat objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?Archimedes (287-212 BC) an ancient Greek mathematician & physicistCharles Darwin Britain (1808-1882).The name of the book is Origin of Species.2.Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment cha

4、nged?3.Who invented the first steam engine?Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729) British, improved the first steam pump and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712. James Watt improved it and turned it into the first modern steam engine used on the railways. Gregor Mendel, Czech, a

5、 botanist and geneticist.4.Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?5.Who discovered radium?Marie Curie, Polish and French, a chemist and physicist. She discovered radium. won two Nobel PrizesThomas Edison, American, an inventor. He invented the li

6、ghts and the gramophone.6.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?Mona LisaLeonardo da Vinci, Italian, an artist. 7.Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people? Sir Humphry Davy, British, an inventor and chemist.8.Who invented a lamp

7、 to keep miners safe underground?Miniature Miners Safety Lamp Zhang Heng, ancient China, an inventor.9.Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?seismograph10.Who put forward a theory about black holes?Stephen Hawking (1942-) a British astronomerReading Supply th

8、e following words with detail. John Snow Cholera Two theories on cholera The correct theory Steps of his researchJohn Snow(1813-1858) John Snow was born in York on March 15th, 1813, the oldest of nine children.YorkLondon His father worked as a laborer. While poor, his parents were determined to give

9、 their children whatever educational opportunities they could afford. He was educated at a private school in his native city until the age of fourteen, when he was apprenticed(當(dāng)學(xué)徒當(dāng)學(xué)徒) to William Hardcastle, a surgeon(外科醫(yī)生外科醫(yī)生) living at Newcastle-on-Tyne.After serving for a short time as a surgeon a

10、nd unqualified assistant during the cholera epidemic of 1831-1982, he became in October 1836 a student at the Hunterian School of medicine in Great Windmill Street, London. He began to attend the medical practice at the Westminster Hospital in the following October.1836 37383940184541424344He gradua

11、ted M.D. of the University of London on 20 Dec. 1844, and in 1850 he was admitted a licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians. He designed a chloroform inhaler(氯仿吸入器氯仿吸入器), described in his book, On Chloroform and other Anesthetics, published in 1858. Dr. Snow was also a prominent anesthesiologi

12、st(麻醉師麻醉師)What else was he famous for?What is Cholera? Cholera is the illness caused by a bacterium called Vibria cholerae. It infects peoples intestines(腸腸), causing diarrhea(腹瀉腹瀉), vomiting and leg cramps. The most common cause of cholera is by someone eating food or drinking water that has been c

13、ontaminated with the bacteria. After a disaster, this is a very real danger, since regular, clean water and food supplies are often unavailable. The disease can be spread even further by infected people using already dirty water sources to clean themselves or dispose of waste. Cholera can be mild or

14、 even without symptoms, a severe case can lead to death without immediate treatment. The diarrhea and vomiting brought on by the infection quickly leaves the body without enough fluid. The following dehydration(脫水脫水) and shock can kill a person within hours. Infectious diseases can be spread to othe

15、r people. They have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them.Pre-reading1. What do you know about infectious diseases?Repel (回避回避) may be exposed to an infectious diseases, so may animals, such as bird flu. AIDS, SARS are infectious diseases.Infectious diseases are difficult to cur

16、e. Cholera is the illness caused by a bacterium called Varian cholera. If infects peoples intestines(腸胃腸胃), causing diarrhea, vomiting and leg cramps(腹痛腹痛).2. What do you know about cholera?The most common cause of cholera is by someone eating food or drinking water that has been contaminated(污染污染)

17、with the bacteria. Cholera can be mild(不嚴(yán)重的不嚴(yán)重的) or even without symptoms(癥狀癥狀), but a severe case can lead to death without immediately treatment. First we should find the problem. Then, think of a method. We should collect as much information as possible.3. Do you know how to prove a new idea in s

18、cientific research?Analyzing results is the most important stage. Before we make a conclusion, it is necessary for us to repeat some stages or processes.Do the following chart after doing the readingParagraphStagesGeneral ideas1Find a problem The causes of cholera 23Make up a question The correct or

19、 possible theory Think of a method Collect data on those where people were ill and died and where they got their water 45Collect results Plot information on a map to find out where people died or did not die Analyse results Analyse the water to see if that is the cause of the illness. 67Repeat if ne

20、cessary Find other evidences to confirm his conclusion Make a conclusion The polluted dirty source of drinking water was to blame for the cause of the London cholera. GermanyGreat BritainDeath of first cholera case in London during the 1848-49 epidemic LondonPrevious cholera epidemic in Great Britai

21、n in 1831-32The spread of cholera“I found that nearly all the deaths had taken place within a short distance of the pump.”deathSnow on choleraSnow suspected contamination of pump water.Small, white, flocculent particles What should you do if youre travelling to a country that has a cholera outbreak?

22、 1. Speak out the phrases with “make” according to the pictures or the Chinese definitions.交朋友交朋友make friends確保確保; 確定確定make sure下定決心下定決心make up ones mind為為.騰出空位騰出空位make room formake a facemake the bed一路前進(jìn)一路前進(jìn);向前向前make ones way toeg: 1. The wolf opened its mouth to _ a row of sharp teeth.2. Dont _ yo

23、ur skin to the sun; your skin will be hurt.exposeexpose2. expose2. expose* When you have a pain in your shoulders, you will go to see a doctor. The doctor will_ you. He will _ the pain in your shoulders. Aspirin is said to be a wonderful _ for the pain.curecurecure3. cure4.control* the head in contr

24、ol of the country. He was in control of the car. * be under the control of* get / be out of control; lose control5. be absorbed in = concentrate oneg. He is absorbed in the research of Chinese history recently. absorb ones attentioneg. Chinese history absorbs his attention recently.- What is the value of this 18k white gol