u4Reading上課

1、 Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the starsReading1. How old is the universe?2. How old is the earth?3. Which were the first creature or plants on earth?4. Do you know what the order for the development of plants and animals is?Several billion years ago.Between 4.5 and 3.8 million years ago.Very smal

2、l air-breathing creatures.Free TalkDo you know the origin of life on earth?Each religion or culture has its own ideas about how life began on earth.想一想： In Chinese culture_ separates(分分) the sky from the earth.Pangu 盤古盤古skyearth_ made human beings.Nuwa (女媧女媧)In western countries:_ created the world

3、and all living things.God (上帝上帝)Day 1: God spoke and separated light from darkness creating Day and Night Day 2: God spoke and separated the water creating sky and ocean Day 3: God spoke and created dry land The Biblical AccountDay 4: God spoke and created the sun, moon and stars Day 5: God spoke an

4、d created living creatures in the air and sea Day 6: God spoke and created the land animals and man Day 7: God rested and blessed this day calling it Holy India Brahma is the god first represented in the Hindu Triad. He is the creator of the universe and all living beings are said to have evolved（進(jìn)化

5、）（進(jìn)化） from him.Pre-reading Look at the picture. Do you know the topic of this reading?大爆炸宇宙產(chǎn)生示意圖大爆炸宇宙產(chǎn)生示意圖Big BangGasNew starsDying starsremnants（殘留物）（殘留物）地球大氣地球大氣The earths atmospherenitrogenoxygendioxidecarbonvapour It was full of water.海洋里的細(xì)胞開(kāi)始分裂海洋里的細(xì)胞開(kāi)始分裂 登陸登陸爬行動(dòng)物爬行動(dòng)物恐龍恐龍Mammals人類的興起人類的興起1. Why

6、was the earth different from other planets? The water remained.2. Why did the plants grow before the animals came? Because plants provide oxygen for animals to breathe. Answer the questions.3. Why is it wrong in films and stories to show dinosaurs and people together? Because dinosaurs died out long

7、 before human beings developed on the earth.4. There used to be nine planets in the solar system. Recently scientists have decided that one of them can no longer be considered a planet. Do you know the name of that planet? Do you know why they removed it? Pluto. Scientists now think it is too small

8、to be called a planet. 5. Why do you think that humans are the cleverest animals on the earth? They are the cleverest animals because they have larger brains than any other creature on the earth so far.6. What problem is caused by human beings? They cause global warming. 1. Why was the earth differe

9、nt from other planets? A. It produced a lot of heat. B. The water remained. C. The water disappeared. D. It was the oldest planet.Choose the best answer.B2. Why was life able to develop on the earth but not on other planets? A. The earth had a solid shape. B. The earth did not have harmful gases in

10、its atmosphere. C. The water stayed on the earth but not on other planets. D. The earth was not too hot and not too cold.C3. Why was it necessary for plants to grow before animals? A. Animals needed plants to protect them from the sun. B. Plants provided oxygen for animals to breathe. C. Animals cou

11、ld hide from hunters in the forest. D. It was easier for plants to grow.B4. It can be inferred from the text that _. A. after “Big Bang”, what the dust was to become remained a mystery B. plants appeared before the animals C. plants multiplied and filled the oceans with oxygen D. plants played an im

12、portant part in the appearance of the animalsDDevelopment of Life (1)(Big Bang): The earth was still a cloud of _. (between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago): The dust settled into a solid _.(explode): water vapor and some other gases were produced and made the earths _. (cool down): _ appeared on the

13、surface. 1. (life began): Arrival of small _ on the surface of the water. Intensive ReadingI. Read the para.2-4 and finish the timeline. dustglobeatmospherewaterplantsDevelopment of Life (2)6. (multiply): The oceans and seas were filled with _and the development of shellfish and other fish were enco

14、uraged. 7. (next): Green plants began to grow on _. 8. (followed in time): Land animals such as insects and_. 9. (plants grew into forests): Reptiles appeared. 10. (after that ): Huge animals, called _ developed. 11. (dinosaurs disappeared): It made the rise of _ on the earth possible. I. Read the p

15、ara.2-4 and finish the timeline. landamphibiansdinosaursmammalsIntensive Readingoxygen A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe The formation of the earth The importance of water for life The development of plants and animals on the earth The arrival of humans and their impact on

16、 the earthPara.1Para. 2Para. 3Para. 4Para. 5The main idea for each paragraph.Put the events into a timeline. 1. Insects and amphibians appeared.3. The earth became a solid ball.5. Reptiles appeared.7. The earth was a cloud of dust.9. Shellfish and other fish appeared.11. Clever animals with hands an

17、d feet appeared.Keys: 10 7 3 8 4 9 6 1 5 2 12 112. Dinosaurs appeared.4. Small plants grew on the water.6. Plants began to grow on dry land.8. Water appeared on the earth.10. The universe began with a “Big Bang”.12. Mammals appeared.Combine into Explode with fire and rockdissolve harmful gases Big B

18、angEnergetic dusta violent solid ballAtmosphereWateroceans and seasCool down Finish the following form.Para 1-3A cloud of energetic dust A solid ballAtmosphere A world full of water4132Combine into Explode with fire and rockdissolve harmful gases Cool down Fill in the blanks with the proper words.Af

19、ter the _, the earth was a cloud of_. Later the dust began to _ into_. And then it _ loudly with fireand rock , which were in time to _ the water vapour , carbon dioxide, which were tomake the earths _. As the earth _ down, _ began to _ on its surface. Water had _ from planets or satellites, but it

20、_on the earth.That made it possible for life to begin to _ .energetic dustcombineexplodedproducecooledappear disappearedstayed develop“Big Bang”a ball atmospherewaterThe earth was just a cloud of _ after the “Big Bang”. The earth loudly with fire and rock. They were to produce many things, which wer

21、e to make the earths atmosphere. As the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. It allowed the earth to dissolve _ gases. Then life began to develop.dust exploded in time harmful Fill in the blanks according to the passage. Small plants _ and filled the first oceans and seas with ox

22、ygen. This encouraged the _ of early shellfish and fish. Land animals such as insects, reptiles and dinosaurs appeared after green plants appeared. Small clever animals _ all over the earth. They are putting _ carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which _ heat from the earth into space. Whether life w

23、ill continue on the earth from millions of years to come will _ whether this problem can be solved.multiplied development spread too much prevents depend on 1. small plants in water2. shellfish and all sorts of fish3. green plants on land4. insects (on land) 5. amphibian (on land and in water)6. for

24、ests7. reptiles (on land) 8. dinosaurs (on land) 9. mammals(on land)Para 4: Finish the following form.arrival of small plants in waterearly shellfishplantsanimals all sorts of fishearly shellfishA few kindsmany kindsPlants in the waterPlants on landwaterlandinsectsdinosaurs simplecomplex lowMan had

25、evolved from apes. 達(dá)爾文達(dá)爾文(進(jìn)化論進(jìn)化論)advancedFill in the blanks. The arrival of _ encouraged the _of early _. Many millions of years later _ began to appear _. Later _ appeared. Some were_. Others called _, were able to live on lands well as _. When the plants grew into forests, _appeared for the first

26、time. After they disappeared, _became more important. They were the last group of animals different from because they _milk from within their bodies.development shellfish and all sorts of fish on land land animalsamphibians dinosaurs mammals produced small plants the first green plants insects in th

27、e sea solar energy plant trees recycle rubbish prevent desertificationsave water purify airWhat can we do to take care of the earth?Whether life will continue on the earth depends on human beings.Only if we care will we help;only if we help shall all be saved!Work out the meaning of the new words an

28、d phrases through context.violentin time atmosphereunlikeharmfulexistprevent fromvery strong and suddennot latethe mass of air surrounding the Earth different fromable or likely to do harm to be present in a place or situation; to livestop from Make sentences with the new words and phrases. as在這里表示原

29、因在這里表示原因, 意思是意思是“因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)椤?As he was ill, he needed more help. 1. No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago.沒(méi)人明白他在說(shuō)什么，因?yàn)槟翘y理解沒(méi)人明白他在說(shuō)什么，因?yàn)槟翘y理解了。了。No one sees what hes saying, as it is too hard. 2. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago

30、when the dustsettled into a solid globe. be to do sth. 表示按計(jì)劃或安排要做的事或者命運(yùn)（即命表示按計(jì)劃或安排要做的事或者命運(yùn)（即命中注定要發(fā)生的事中注定要發(fā)生的事) 。e.g. When are you to leave for home?你什么時(shí)候回家？你什么時(shí)候回家？ 主語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句它（地球）將成為什么樣子一直是個(gè)謎，直到45-38億年以前這些塵埃凝聚成一個(gè)固體球體。2) not until直到直到才才;直到直到之前之前(還不還不) e.g. Dont talk until the class is cover. 等到下課再講話。等

31、到下課再講話。3. They were in time to produce in time 及時(shí)及時(shí); 終于終于She will be back in time to prepare dinner.The doctor came in time to save her life .醫(yī)生及時(shí)趕來(lái)救了她的命。醫(yī)生及時(shí)趕來(lái)救了她的命。Mary usually gets home in time to bath the children. 瑪莉通常及時(shí)到家給孩子們洗澡。瑪莉通常及時(shí)到家給孩子們洗澡。注意注意: in time 還有還有“過(guò)些時(shí)候過(guò)些時(shí)候; 最后最后”之意。之意。Youll get u

32、sed to it in time. 過(guò)些時(shí)候你會(huì)習(xí)慣它的。過(guò)些時(shí)候你會(huì)習(xí)慣它的。Dont worry. Im sure things will get better in time. 別著急別著急, 我肯定過(guò)些時(shí)候事情會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)的。我肯定過(guò)些時(shí)候事情會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)的。完成句子：完成句子： 1) 我們到達(dá)車站時(shí)，剛好趕上那班車。我們到達(dá)車站時(shí)，剛好趕上那班車。 We got to the station just _ catch the bus. 2) 他早晚會(huì)明白什么才是對(duì)的。他早晚會(huì)明白什么才是對(duì)的。 _ he will see what is right.in time to In time 3)

33、我剛好來(lái)得及趕上那班飛機(jī)。我剛好來(lái)得及趕上那班飛機(jī)。 I was just _ the flight.4) 大夫正好及時(shí)趕到挽救了他的生命。大夫正好及時(shí)趕到挽救了他的生命。 The doctor got there just _ his life.in time for in time to save If you keep on, youll succeed _.A. in time B. at one time C. at the same time D. on time答案：答案：A解析：該題考查學(xué)生對(duì)介詞和解析：該題考查學(xué)生對(duì)介詞和time構(gòu)成構(gòu)成的詞組的辨析能力。的詞組的辨析能力。i

34、n time除了有除了有及及時(shí)時(shí)的意思外的意思外, 還有還有遲早遲早; 總有一天總有一天的的意思。本題意為意思。本題意為: 假如你繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持下去假如你繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持下去, 你遲早會(huì)成功的。你遲早會(huì)成功的。 some time 一些時(shí)間一些時(shí)間 at times 時(shí)常時(shí)常 kill time 消磨時(shí)間消磨時(shí)間 behind time 落后落后 all the time 一直一直 at a time 一次一次 at this time 這時(shí)這時(shí) at that time 那時(shí)那時(shí) in time of 在在.的時(shí)候的時(shí)候 at the same time 同時(shí)同時(shí) in no time 立刻立刻 in t

35、he daytime 在白天在白天 for a long time 長(zhǎng)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)時(shí)間 at one time 同一時(shí)期，同時(shí)同一時(shí)期，同時(shí)地地 for the first time 第一次第一次 from time to time 不時(shí)地不時(shí)地 time and again 反復(fù)地，不反復(fù)地，不斷地?cái)嗟?have a good time 玩得高興玩得高興 time的短語(yǔ)的短語(yǔ)4. atmosphere n. 大氣層大氣層; 氣氛氣氛An atmosphere of tension filed the room.屋子里籠罩著緊張的氣氛。屋子里籠罩著緊張的氣氛。The atmosphere over

36、dinner was warm and friendly.用餐時(shí)洋溢著熱情友好的氣氛。用餐時(shí)洋溢著熱情友好的氣氛。注意注意: 指指“大氣層大氣層”時(shí)時(shí), 常用常用 the atmosphere; 指指 “氣氛氣氛”時(shí)時(shí), 常使用單數(shù)形式。常使用單數(shù)形式。5. Water had also appeared on other planet like Mars but, unlike earth, it had disappeared later. unlike prep. 與與不同；不像；非不同；不像；非的的特征特征 歸納歸納 1) be unlike . 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于be different

37、from . 2) unlike sth. / sb.位于句首，常用于表示對(duì)位于句首，常用于表示對(duì)比。比。 3) unlike的反義詞為的反義詞為like。1) 音樂(lè)與其他藝術(shù)形式不同。音樂(lè)與其他藝術(shù)形式不同。 Music is quite .2) 和他兄弟不同，他有種幽默感。和他兄弟不同，他有種幽默感。 _, he has a good sense of humor. 3) 遲到這么久可實(shí)在不像他平時(shí)的作風(fēng)。遲到這么久可實(shí)在不像他平時(shí)的作風(fēng)。 _ to be so late.unlike any other art form Unlike his brotherIts very unlike

38、 him6. .as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. 隨著地球的冷卻隨著地球的冷卻, 地球的表面就開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)了水。地球的表面就開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)了水。1) cool down 變涼變涼, 冷卻冷卻2) appear “出現(xiàn)出現(xiàn),似乎似乎”是不及物動(dòng)詞當(dāng)表示是不及物動(dòng)詞當(dāng)表示 “似乎，好像似乎，好像”時(shí)是系動(dòng)詞時(shí)是系動(dòng)詞, 該詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。該詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 Our teacher appeared on TV this morning.7. Others, called amphibians, were able to

39、 live on land as well as in the water. as well as “(“(除除 . . 之外之外) )也，又也，又”,”,可可連接并列的單詞或短語(yǔ)連接并列的單詞或短語(yǔ) Mary as well as her parents likes to listen to music.He grows flowers as well as vegetables.A teacher should entertain as well as teach.The child is lively as well as healthy.as well相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于too，一般放在句末。

40、，一般放在句末。 He is a worker, and a poet as well. 8. by laying eggs. lay-laid-laid-laying 放放, 把把放在放在；產(chǎn)卵；產(chǎn)卵 He laid his books on the desk.注意注意: lie (lay; lain; lying) 躺；位于躺；位于 lie (lied; lied; lying) 說(shuō)謊說(shuō)謊 The naughty boy _ to me that the hen that _ there just now had _ two eggs the day before.A. laid; lai

41、d; laid B. laid; lay; lainC. lied; laid; lain D. lied; lay; laidDA hen _ in the corner quietly. After a while the hen _ an egg. But the man _ to his wife that the egg was bought in the shop _ in the centre of the town. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of lie or lay.laylaidliedlying9. give bi

42、rth to1) 生生(孩子孩子) Shes just given birth to a healthy baby girl. 她剛剛生了個(gè)健康的女嬰。她剛剛生了個(gè)健康的女嬰。2) 產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)生The extraordinary experience gave birth to his latest novel.這段奇特的經(jīng)歷促成了他的最新的一部這段奇特的經(jīng)歷促成了他的最新的一部小說(shuō)的誕生。小說(shuō)的誕生。10. Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.remain在這里是系動(dòng)詞，在這里是系動(dòng)詞，意思是意思是“保持；仍保持；仍然是然是

43、”，后面可接形容詞、過(guò)去分詞、名詞、，后面可接形容詞、過(guò)去分詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等作表語(yǔ)。介詞短語(yǔ)等作表語(yǔ)。She remained silent all night. The work remained unfinished.The labour shortage remains a problem.People there remain in poverty.由由why引導(dǎo)的從句在句中作主語(yǔ)，稱為主語(yǔ)從引導(dǎo)的從句在句中作主語(yǔ)，稱為主語(yǔ)從句。句。11. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which pre

44、vents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 他們把太多的二氧化碳釋放到大氣層中他們把太多的二氧化碳釋放到大氣層中, 這就這就使得熱量不能從地球上散發(fā)到太空中去。使得熱量不能從地球上散發(fā)到太空中去。prevent sth. / sb. (from) doing sth. =stop sth./sb. (from) doing sth.制止制止(防止防止)某人某人(某物某物)做某事做某事What can we do to prevent this accident (from) happening?12. As a result of t

45、his, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on.as a result of是是短語(yǔ)介詞，后跟名詞、代詞等，短語(yǔ)介詞，后跟名詞、代詞等，意為意為“由于由于的原因的原因”，相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于because of。He was late as a result of the heavy snow. as a result為副詞用法，意為為副詞用法，意為“結(jié)果是結(jié)果是”，后，后面指事情的結(jié)果。面指事情的結(jié)果。 He got up very late today. As a result, he missed the

46、first bus. (2009全國(guó)全國(guó)II) Jenny nearly missed the flight _ doing too much shopping. A. as a result of B. on top of C. in front of D. in need of解析：本題考查介詞短語(yǔ)。句意解析：本題考查介詞短語(yǔ)。句意“由于由于購(gòu)物花費(fèi)時(shí)間太多，珍妮差點(diǎn)錯(cuò)過(guò)航購(gòu)物花費(fèi)時(shí)間太多，珍妮差點(diǎn)錯(cuò)過(guò)航班班”。as a result of作為作為的結(jié)果，的結(jié)果，由于；由于；on top of在在之上；之上；in front of在在前面；前面；in need of 需要需要。AThe terrible war lasted eight years. _, wives lost their husbands, parents lost their sons, and children lost their fathers. A. As a result B. As a result of C. Instead D. However解析：從題意可知，空缺處