考研英漢翻譯實踐筆記之放在名詞后的分詞

1、考研英漢翻譯實踐筆記之放在名詞后的分詞放在名詞后的分詞多數(shù)是分詞短語,它可以變成一個定語從句(盡管定語從句不一定都能變成分詞短語):1/表示一時動作的分詞短語:Thedangerthreateningtheworld(=whichisthreateningthearea)istoomanypeoplewithtoolittlefood.Theylookedonatthecitybeingattackedbytheenemy(=whichwasbeingattackedbytheenemy).Themanbeingfollowedbyguards(=whoarebeingfollowedbygu

2、ards)isapartyleader.2/表示長久特點的分詞短語:Amanrespectingothers(=whorespectsothers)willberespected.Canyouteachaboyrefusingtobetaught(=whorefusestobetaught)?Itisdifficulttosaveamanenchantedbythebeautyofawoman.Bookscalledthecomics(=thatarecalledthecomics)aresometimesharmfultochildren.Anybookswellread(=thatarew

3、ellread)aregoodbooksandanymenwelltreatedaregoodmen.2)名詞前作定語的分詞a)用在名詞前的不及物現(xiàn)在分詞名詞前的現(xiàn)在分詞多數(shù)為不及物動詞Thetremblingcriminalhunghishead.Doyouseethefloatingbridgethere?Sheisadotingmother.Thee_istingsituationwilllastsomeyears.Inthefieldarenoddingtrees,murmuringrivulets,smilingflowers,singingbirds,swimmingducksan

4、dplayingchildren.Heisanuncompromisingdiplomat.Itprovesfutileinspiteofalluntiringefforts.Thisuprightmanalwaystakesanunswervingcourse.Itisanunavailingplot.Thereisanundyingfriendshipbetweenthem.b）用在名詞前的及物現(xiàn)在分詞1/意義上的賓語為人的情況:及物動詞的分詞也可用在名詞前面,但它們大多表示情緒.它們的意義上的賓語指一般人或某些人,是不說出的.Itisacharmingstory=Itisastoryth

5、atcharmsus(me,youoranyone).Wehaveanencouragingprospect.=Wehaveaprospectthatencouragesus.Thise_citinge_periencemadehimsleepless.=Thise_perience,whiche_citedhim,madehimsleepless.Itisaninteresting(orsurprising,amazing,moving,entertaining,affecting)story.Hehasapuzzlingproblemtosolve.Intheforesttherehapp

6、enedashocking(orfrightening)caseofmurder.Herfascinatingeyesandhertemptingmouthputyouinareverie.Itisamisleadingstatement,adeceivingpromise.Anunconvincingrumorspreadoverthecity.2/意義上的賓語為物的情況:有少數(shù)及物動詞的分詞,它們的意義上的賓語也不說出,卻是指物的,這時要經(jīng)過琢磨才知道賓語是什么:Itisanarrestingsight(=asightthatarrestssomebodysattention),animp

7、loringlook(=alookthatimploressomebodyshelp),arevealingstory(=astorythatrevealsthingshiddenorkeptsecret),adeservingcause(=acausethatdeservessympathyorhelp).Heisagraspingattorney(anattorneywhoareeagertograspmoney).Aknowingman(=amanwhoknowsallthesecret),anunderstandingman(amanwhounderstandsothersfeelin

8、gs),aforbiddingheadmaster(=aheadmasterwhoforbidsotherstoapproachortolikehim),alovingfather(=afatherwholoveschildrenorothers),apromisingyouth(ayouthwhopromisestosuceed),adesigningbusinessman(=abisinessmanwhodesignssomeintrigues),anunfeelingjudge(=judgewhofeelsnosympathy),anunforgivingfather(=afatherw

9、hodoesnotforgiveanyfault),anunthinkingplayboy(=aplayboywhodoesnotthinkoftheconsequences)anunsparinghousewife(=housewilfewhodoesnotsparemoney),anunassumingscholar(=ascholarwhodoesnotassumeimportance),anunpretendingmanager(=amanagerwhodoesnotpretendimportance).c)用在名詞前的及物過去分詞1/一般過去分詞:及物動詞的過去分詞常可用在名詞前作它

10、的修飾語.它表示同句謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生時正在被進行的一個動作,也可以表示那時之前一個被動動作的后果Heisanhonouredabdrespectedprofessor(=professorwhoishonouedandrespected).Weliveinacrowdedarea.Theoppressednatonsarebeginningtorise.Thepersecutedpatriothidhimselfinthejungle.Idrinkboiledwater(=waterthathasbeenboiledbefore,butisnomoreboiledandisfreefr

11、omgermsnow).Therearemanytrainednurses(=nurseswhohavebeentrainedbefore,butareefficientnow)inthishospital.Donttreadonthebrokenglass(=glassthathasbeenbrokenbefore,butmayhurtsomebodysfeetnow).Usedcarscostcheaperthannewones.Therearethousandsofwoundedsoldiersinthislostbattle.Heisaqualifiedteacher.2/已失去動詞特

12、點的分詞:a/以-en(或-n)結(jié)尾的過去分詞有不少過去分詞已失去動詞特點，成為純粹的形容詞，它們有些以-en（或-n）結(jié)尾:Hishonestyisaprovenfact.Ilikefrozenfruit.Thisisthetombofforgottenheroes.Howhotismolteniron?Itissaidthedevilhasclovenhoofs.Somedrunkensailorsarefightinginthestreet.Doyouseethehiddenmeaningofthisletter?下面詞組中也包含這種分詞:drivensnow,woventhread,s

13、awntimber,hewntimber,asunkencheek,shrunkenclothes,arottenegg,ashornlamb,agavenimage,aterror-strickenchild,adown-troddenpeople,ill-gottenmoney,aswollenface,acarvenimage,hisbrokenpromise.b/帶un-前綴的過去分詞:Thatisanunfoundedrumour.No,itisanundoubtedfact.Thereareunnumbered(oruntold)crimesinthissmallcity.Thee

14、nemysuddenlyattackedthisunguardedcity.Hisunaffected(orunfeigned)mannersmakemelovehim.Arichmanhastohearunearnedpraisefromtimetotime.Whatisthemostimportantthingforanunderdevelopedcountry?Thatisanunheard-of(=e_traordinary)caseofmurder.Hebacametheownerofundreamt-ofwealth.Anunlooked-for(=une_pected)lovel

15、ettercametomethismorning.Anunwished-for(orunhoped-for)(=undesirable)accidenthappenedtome.Nobodycanstandthisuncalled-for(=unnecessaryandimproper)insult.c/有特別意義的過去分詞:有少數(shù)過去分詞,用做純粹的形容詞時,意思發(fā)生一些變化,已不再是做動詞時的意思,如動詞celebrate表示慶祝,但形容詞celebrated卻表示著名的:Thisisacelebratedcity.Thisisthemostnoted(=famous)mounaininJ

16、apan.Heisaconfirmedpickpocket(=pickpocketwhoisunlikelytobechanged).Heisapast-master(=onewhohasmuche_perience)indeceit.Hewillsufferforhisill-advised(=unwise)action.Ihaveneverseensuchabeautifulplaceinmyborndays(=inmylifetime).d/有主動意義的過去分詞:大多數(shù)過去分詞都有被動意思,例如theunforgottenhero的意思是theherothathasbeenforgott

17、en,又如boiledwater的意思是waterthathasbeenboiled.但有少數(shù)過去分詞卻有主動意思,它們甚至起及物動詞作用,可以有一個說不出的賓語.例如adrunkensailor意思是asailorwhohasdrunktoomuchliquor.Alearnedscholar(=Ascholarwhohasleanredverymush)usuallylookssilly.E_periencedmen(=Menwhohavee_periencedalot)inthismatterarenotnumerous.Apractisedman(=Amanwhohasoftenpra

18、ctiseddoingthis)candomorethanagreenhorn.Thesecultivatedpeople(=Thesepeople,whohavecultivatedtheirminds)aremygoodfriends.Thekingloveshisdevotedsubjects(=hissubjects,whodevotesthemselvestohim).Adissipatedyouth(=Ayouthwhodissipateshistimeandmoney)willruinhimself.Isacontentedman(=amanwhocontentshimselfw

19、ithwhathehas)alwayshappy?Themistakentravellerhashadanarrowescape.d)用在名詞前的賓補動詞的過去分詞某些賓補動詞的過去分詞可以用在名詞前面做定語.這是一類特殊的賓補動詞,它們用在下面這類句子中:Theydeclaredhimtobeatraitor.Theyprovedthestatementtobefalse.Heprofessedhimselftobeascientist.下面句子包含了以這類動詞作定語的過去分詞Thisisthereputedscene(=theplacewhichisreputedtobethescene)

20、ofrobbery.Johnisthesupposedfather(=themanwhoissupposedtobethefather)ofthischild.Heisanavowedmember(=amanwhohasavowedhimselftobeamember)ofthisparty.Heisaprofessedscientist.Theconfessed(oradmitted)thiefwassenttoprison.e)用在名詞前的不及物動詞的過去分詞有幾十個不及物動詞的過去分詞可用在名詞前作定語.它們多數(shù)表示一種變化,表示一種完成的動作,一種狀態(tài).它們已失去動詞的特點,不再有被動

21、意義,幾乎成了形容詞:Aretiredofficial(=Anofficialwhohasretiredorisretired)livesne_tdoor.Heisareturnedstudent(=astudentwhohasreturnedfromabroad).Thedecayedtoothshouldbepulledoff.Amarriedmanismorestableincharacterthanabachelor.Thousandsofpeoplemournedforthedeceasedactress.Bothfadingandfadedflowerswereblownabout

22、inthestrongwind.Hereandthereweredecayingordecayedleaves.Weseechangingandchangedmodesoflifeeveryyearandeveryday.下面詞組中各包含一個這樣的過去分詞:abdictedemperor,obsconeddebtor,agedpoet,arrivedguest,assembledcompany,elopedpair,escapedprisoner,failedcandidate,fallenangel,fledrobber,perjuredwitness,travelledwritterdep

23、artedglories,e_piredlease,foregoneconclusion,moulderedtemple,risensun,rottenfruit,shrunkenclothes,sunkenrocks,vanishedcivilization,witheredleaves,well-readandwell-behavedyoungman,plain-spokenpolitician,free-spokenman,full-growngirl,full-blownroses3)在名詞后作定語的分詞分詞也可以放在它們所修飾的名詞的后面a)簡單分詞簡單分詞,不管是現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分

24、詞,放在名詞后的情況是比較少的,但在下面情況下可以放在名詞后面:1/如果它受到強調(diào),感到像一個從句:Iwanttoknowthepersoncoming(=whocomesoriscoming)Whowerethepeopleparticipating(=whoparticipated)?Iwentintotheroomadjoining-andsawsomethingIcanttell.Nomanlivingcandothat.Iwenttomeetherattheplaneindicated(=whichhadbeenindicated).Theythrewintoprisonallthe

25、personsallthepersonssuspected(=whoweresuspected).Theprisioneracquittedwenthomedirectly.Thematterbeinginvestgiated(=thatisbeinginvestigated)isamilitarysecret.Theworkbeingdone(=thatwasbeingdone)preventedhisfromgoing.下面詞組中各包含一個這樣的詞Themoneyspent,thedayappointed,thefactalleged,thereasongiven,theplansugge

26、sted,thepartyinterested,theguestsinvited.2/如果它用來進行對比:Thevisitorscomingandgoingaresonumerous.Heisapersonreveredandbeloved.Inmanycountries,wordspokenaredifferentfromwordswritten.3/如果名詞是一個不關(guān)緊要的詞或被修飾的是一個代詞Thoseremaininghadtowaittwodaysmore.Virtueisathingunseen.Heislikeonecharmed.Allinvolvedwillbesenttojail.Thepointcontrovertedisinsignificant.4/如果名詞前有一個形容詞最高級或類似的形容詞Thisisthemostdifficultjobknown.HeisthefattestmanlivingThechief(oronly,one)guestinvitedwasme.Thisistheonlychanceleft.Wewelcomedevery