第六章第三節(jié)

1、懸錘原理測(cè)量鉆孔頂角示意圖Inclination:Toolface:Magnetic NorthEarths Gravitational FieldVertical地磁場(chǎng)定向原理圖鉆孔方位角示意圖兩個(gè)同樣的線圈反方向繞線。交變電流通過(guò)主線圈產(chǎn)生磁場(chǎng)使芯飽和。如無(wú)外磁場(chǎng)，則電壓為零，因?yàn)榫€圈反方向。但是，若有外磁場(chǎng)存在，則一個(gè)鐵芯會(huì)比另一鐵芯提前飽和，引起電壓輸出錯(cuò)相位，產(chǎn)生電壓脈沖。因此設(shè)置在與外磁場(chǎng)一定角度的檢測(cè)線圈會(huì)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)與通過(guò)磁環(huán)磁流變化率大小相對(duì)應(yīng)的電壓。而這個(gè)電壓的大小也與外磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度相對(duì)應(yīng)。所以三軸磁通門(mén)可以測(cè)定地球磁場(chǎng)沿三個(gè)正交軸線的分量。單、雙自由度單、雙自由度速率、積分速率、

2、積分壓電、微機(jī)械壓電、微機(jī)械由于動(dòng)調(diào)陀螺采用了無(wú)框架由于動(dòng)調(diào)陀螺采用了無(wú)框架結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu), ,轉(zhuǎn)子通過(guò)撓性支承與驅(qū)轉(zhuǎn)子通過(guò)撓性支承與驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)軸相連動(dòng)電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)軸相連, ,在達(dá)到動(dòng)在達(dá)到動(dòng)力調(diào)諧時(shí)力調(diào)諧時(shí), ,平衡環(huán)振蕩所產(chǎn)生平衡環(huán)振蕩所產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)力反彈性力矩抵消了撓的動(dòng)力反彈性力矩抵消了撓性支承所固有的機(jī)械彈性力性支承所固有的機(jī)械彈性力矩矩, ,使轉(zhuǎn)子所受的彈性約束接使轉(zhuǎn)子所受的彈性約束接近于零近于零, ,從而使陀螺的漂移大從而使陀螺的漂移大大降低大降低, ,可以達(dá)到可以達(dá)到0.010.01/h,/h,漂漂移的降低使測(cè)量的精度得到移的降低使測(cè)量的精度得到了大幅度的提高。了大幅度的提高。動(dòng)力調(diào)諧陀螺

3、沒(méi)有框架支撐動(dòng)力調(diào)諧陀螺沒(méi)有框架支撐結(jié)構(gòu)采用柔軟的彈性支撐，結(jié)構(gòu)采用柔軟的彈性支撐，是一個(gè)雙自由度角位移陀螺，是一個(gè)雙自由度角位移陀螺，用以測(cè)量載體的角位移。有用以測(cè)量載體的角位移。有角位移時(shí)，由于撓性支撐本角位移時(shí)，由于撓性支撐本身固有的彈性約束，使陀螺身固有的彈性約束，使陀螺自轉(zhuǎn)軸進(jìn)入推動(dòng)進(jìn)動(dòng)（轉(zhuǎn)自轉(zhuǎn)軸進(jìn)入推動(dòng)進(jìn)動(dòng)（轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)），從而破壞了自轉(zhuǎn)軸的動(dòng)），從而破壞了自轉(zhuǎn)軸的相對(duì)慣性空間的方向穩(wěn)定性相對(duì)慣性空間的方向穩(wěn)定性（定軸性）。動(dòng)力調(diào)諧的目（定軸性）。動(dòng)力調(diào)諧的目的就是補(bǔ)償支撐彈性約束，的就是補(bǔ)償支撐彈性約束，保護(hù)雙自由度陀螺的進(jìn)動(dòng)性保護(hù)雙自由度陀螺的進(jìn)動(dòng)性和定軸性不受破壞，稱(chēng)為動(dòng)和定軸性不受

4、破壞，稱(chēng)為動(dòng)力調(diào)諧陀螺儀（力調(diào)諧陀螺儀（DTG）。GGZ22yxGGzyxGGGtg22井斜井斜:yxGGtgGTF 高邊工具面角（GTF):GTFGyGx磁工具面角（MTF):yxHHtgMTF GHZ)()()(2212xxyyzyxzxyyxGHGHGGGHGHGHGVVtg方位方位:HyHxV1V2Mag. North222zyxGGGG驅(qū)動(dòng)器電子測(cè)量/定向短節(jié)旋轉(zhuǎn)閥脈沖器電池圖圖1 常見(jiàn)發(fā)射天線示意圖常見(jiàn)發(fā)射天線示意圖（a）垂直磁場(chǎng)天線）垂直磁場(chǎng)天線（b）環(huán)形線圈耦合垂直電場(chǎng)天線）環(huán)形線圈耦合垂直電場(chǎng)天線（c）直接耦合垂直電場(chǎng)天線）直接耦合垂直電場(chǎng)天線圖圖3 天線延長(zhǎng)式天線延長(zhǎng)式EM

5、MWD在深海鉆進(jìn)中的應(yīng)用在深海鉆進(jìn)中的應(yīng)用HSENABABAB12MI2 -I11I1A1 East NorthNorthI2 MD = R1 (I2-I1) (rad)2EastLength of arc of circle, L = RradA1R1LMD18018022IIMD 12121121I sinI sinIIMD180I sin RI sin RVertR1 VertI2 MD2111IcosRIcosRHorizR1R1I1I2I2)IcosI(cosIIMD1802112211IcosIcosRHoriz HorizNA1A2L2 East2 NorthR21OA2A2-A

6、1A1L2 = R2 (A2 - A1)RADEast = R2 cos A1 - R2 cos A2 = R2 (cos A1 - cos A2)1222AAL180Rso, DEG 1212121AAII2AcosAcosIcosIcosMDEast = R2 (cos A1 - cos A2)12AA18022LR)IcosI(cosIIMD1802112L22180East = 12121221AAIIAsinAsinIcosIcosMDNorth = R2 (sin A2 - sin A1)12AA18022LR)IcosI(cosIIMD1802112L22180North = )

7、()sin()sin()()()cos()cos()cos()cos()()()sin()sin()cos()cos(12121212212112121221IIIIMDVertAAIIAAIIMDEastAAIIAAIIMDNorth With all angles in radians!1212sinsinAAAA1221coscosAAAA 1221IIIIcoscos 1221IIIIcoscos1212IIIsinIsin1I1 MD 2I2I2I20Vertical Projection MD 221Icos2MDIcos2MDVert21Isin2MDIsin2MDHoriz 2

8、21121221121AIAI2MDA2HorizA1HorizEastAIAI2MDA2HorizA1HorizNorthsinsin,sinsinsin.sin.cossin,cossincos.cos. N EA1A2 Horiz.1 Horiz. 2Horizontal Projection1222112211IcosIcos2MDVertAsinIsinAsinIsin2MDEastAcosIsinAcosIsin2MDNorthRFIcosIcos2MDVertRFAsinIsinAsinIsin2MDEastRFAcosIsinAcosIsin2MDNorth1222112211

9、PrOrRDLQDL 22DLtanDL2RF )AA(cos1IsinIsin)I(Icos(DL) cos:follows as calculated is DL, angle, egoglD The122112DL = SPQR ArcSRPSRFDLr2DLtanr2DLtanr A curve representing a wellbore between Survey Stations A1 and A2. (A, I)DL)cos()sin()sin()cos()sin(22222IMDVertAIMDEastAIMDNorth 2cos2cos2sin2sin2sin212,

10、12, 121212, 12, 121212, 12, 1LHLNLE孔內(nèi)測(cè)斜儀器的長(zhǎng)度STLSTLSTLLHSTLSTLLNSTLSTLLE)cos()cos()cos(2)cos()sin()cos()sin()cos()sin(2)sin()sin()sin()sin()sin()sin(22122, 12, 12222112, 12, 12222112, 12, 1)cos()cos()sin()sin()sin(22, 12, 1222, 12, 1222, 12, 1LHLNLE )()sin()sin()()()sin()sin()cos()cos()()()cos()cos()cos()cos(12122, 12, 1121212212, 12, 1121221212, 12, 1LHLNLE)cos()cos(2)cos()sin()cos()sin(2)sin