強讀和弱讀實用教案

1、 一個英文單詞如果由多個音節(jié)構(gòu)成，那么一個英文單詞如果由多個音節(jié)構(gòu)成，那么其中至少有一個音節(jié)是重音其中至少有一個音節(jié)是重音(zhngyn)(zhngyn)；如果，；如果，音節(jié)足夠多的話，那么可能還有次重音音節(jié)足夠多的話，那么可能還有次重音(zhngyn)(zhngyn)以及一個以上的重音以及一個以上的重音(zhngyn)(zhngyn)。 同樣的道理，一個句子由多個單詞構(gòu)成，同樣的道理，一個句子由多個單詞構(gòu)成，那么，其中總是有至少一個單詞被強讀，而那么，其中總是有至少一個單詞被強讀，而相對來看，其它的單詞會被弱讀。相對來看，其它的單詞會被弱讀。第1頁/共33頁第一頁，共33頁。弱讀的規(guī)則一般是

2、：元音音節(jié)弱讀的規(guī)則一般是：元音音節(jié)(ynji)(ynji)弱化成弱化成 或或i i 。如下幾個單詞：如下幾個單詞：at, of, the, at, of, the, toto, as, than, and, or, his, a, an, , as, than, and, or, his, a, an, but, been, for, her, we, be, shall, was, them, but, been, for, her, we, be, shall, was, them, 弱讀的頻率達弱讀的頻率達到到9090，其中，其中a, an, the, thana, an, the,

3、than極少用強式。極少用強式。查字典會發(fā)現(xiàn)這些詞都至少有兩種讀音，如查字典會發(fā)現(xiàn)這些詞都至少有兩種讀音，如for: for: 重讀重讀時時f f?: , : , 弱讀時弱讀時 f f ；as as的強讀形式是的強讀形式是/ z/ / z/ ，弱讀形式，弱讀形式是是/ /z/z/。第2頁/共33頁第二頁，共33頁。 大多助動詞大多助動詞(dngc)(dngc)、系動詞、系動詞(dngc)(dngc)、介詞、連詞、冠詞、介詞、連詞、冠詞、代詞，都有兩種發(fā)音形式：強代詞，都有兩種發(fā)音形式：強讀式、弱讀式。讀式、弱讀式。 這些單詞往往都是單音節(jié)單詞。這些單詞往往都是單音節(jié)單詞。第3頁/共33頁第三頁

4、，共33頁。1.大多數(shù)有弱讀形式的單詞中，元音都變成了/ /； at / t/ ; as /z/; had / hd/；must /mst/2有少數(shù)幾個單詞的弱讀形式變成了i /； be /i/； been /bin/； me /mi/； the /i/3.有時，一些(yxi)常用詞的弱讀形式中省略了一個元音。 am /m/； has/z/； have /v/； is / z /4. 有時，一些(yxi)常用的弱讀形式中省略了一個輔音。 and / n/； have / v/； would /d/； her /:/第4頁/共33頁第四頁，共33頁。要在連貫說話要在連貫說話(shu hu)(sh

5、u hu)中應(yīng)中應(yīng)用弱讀形式，不是懂得了道用弱讀形式，不是懂得了道理就能學(xué)會的，也不是一朝理就能學(xué)會的，也不是一朝一夕就能掌握的，需要通過一夕就能掌握的，需要通過大量的模仿和練習(xí)才能學(xué)好。大量的模仿和練習(xí)才能學(xué)好。第5頁/共33頁第五頁，共33頁。 1) to /t/ but /bt/ I want to come but I cant. 2) and /nd/ Hes rich and famous. 3) than /n/ /n/ Better than that. Hes older than she is. 4) but /bt/ She wants to sing but she c

6、ant. 5) such /st/ We have problems, such as pollution.第6頁/共33頁第六頁，共33頁。 6) some /sm/ There are some copies here. 7) any /ni/ There arent any more. 8) he /hi/ Does he want any? 9) her /h/ Ive met her mother. 10) him /im/ Tell him Id like to. 11) them /m/ /m/ I havent seen them yet.第7頁/共33頁第七頁，共33頁。 1

7、2) you /j/ What do you think?13) your /j/ Take your time.14) us /s/ Let us think it over.15) that /t/ This is the house that Jack built. 16) at /t/ At least one. 17) for /f/ Its for you.第8頁/共33頁第八頁，共33頁。 18) from /frm/ He comes from England.19) of /v/ Id love a cup of tea. 20) to /t/ You ought to go

8、.21) an /n/ Id like an apple. 22) the / /i/ Thats the one.23) am /m/ Im going now.第9頁/共33頁第九頁，共33頁。24) are / Where are you going?25) is /z/ /s/ Hes here. My hat is here.26) was /wz/ Was he there?27) were /w/ We were very pleased. 28) have /hv/, /v/, /v/ Theyve left. Have any been lost?第10頁/共33頁第十頁，共

9、33頁。29) had /hd/, /d/ They had better hurry.30) has /z/ What has he done? He has just arrived. 31) do /du/, /d/ Do you think so?32) does /dz/ When does he leave?33) can /kn/, /kn/ Can you hear me? 34) could /kd/ Could you do it now?第11頁/共33頁第十一頁，共33頁。 35) should /d/ How should I know? 36) there / Th

10、ere is nothing left. There are not enough.37) shall /l, l/ How shall I do like that? 38) when /wn/ Her parents had been dead when she was a child.39) will /l, l/ He will go back home tomorrow.40) would /wd, d, d/ He would be happy if he had passed the exam.第12頁/共33頁第十二頁，共33頁。 弱讀問題(wnt)對策1.反復(fù)聆聽(ln tn

11、)，熟悉弱讀。單詞的弱讀會導(dǎo)致考生實際聽到的發(fā)音與自己熟悉的發(fā)音出現(xiàn)偏差，因此在平時復(fù)習(xí)時，考生應(yīng)留意單詞在句中的弱讀，并對其進行反復(fù)聆聽(ln tn)，直至完全熟悉該弱讀現(xiàn)象2熟記常見習(xí)語中的弱讀。平時記憶聽力短文、對話中的常見習(xí)語時，應(yīng)注意其中是否含有單詞的弱讀，并將其與這些習(xí)語一并牢記。第13頁/共33頁第十三頁，共33頁。強讀強讀第14頁/共33頁第十四頁，共33頁。1. When the question is answered in short form, the auxiliary verb should adopt the strong form, like: -Will yo

12、u come tomorrow?-Yes, I will.第15頁/共33頁第十五頁，共33頁。 2. When the prep is placed at the end of a sentence, it should adopt the strong form.-Who is he waiting for?第16頁/共33頁第十六頁，共33頁。 3. When the prep is followed by an unstressed personal pronoun, it should be the strong form.-Ive been waiting for you.第17頁

13、/共33頁第十七頁，共33頁。1）弱讀形式和強讀形式各自的元音(yunyn)不同。 2）弱讀音節(jié)中常常省略了某一個音。第18頁/共33頁第十八頁，共33頁。 如果一個單詞被強讀如果一個單詞被強讀 ，那么這個單詞中的：，那么這個單詞中的： 長元音會被讀的很清楚長元音會被讀的很清楚(qng chu)(qng chu)，并且顯得更，并且顯得更長一些；長一些； 雙元音會被讀的很飽滿，并且顯得很有彈性；雙元音會被讀的很飽滿，并且顯得很有彈性； 落在重音上的短元音都會顯得更長一些；落在重音上的短元音都會顯得更長一些； 重音所在的音節(jié)可能帶著不同的語調(diào)（升調(diào)、重音所在的音節(jié)可能帶著不同的語調(diào)（升調(diào)、降調(diào)、降

14、升調(diào)）降調(diào)、降升調(diào)） 第19頁/共33頁第十九頁，共33頁。 如果一個單詞被弱讀，那么如果一個單詞被弱讀，那么(n me)(n me)這個單詞中的：這個單詞中的： 長元音會變得短一些（幾乎與短元音的長度相當）；長元音會變得短一些（幾乎與短元音的長度相當）； 重音音節(jié)會變得與非重音音階一樣輕；重音音節(jié)會變得與非重音音階一樣輕； 很多元音都會發(fā)生變化，向很多元音都會發(fā)生變化，向/ / /靠攏；靠攏； 輕輔音輕輔音/s/s/、/t/t/、/k/k/、/f/f/之后的元音之后的元音/ / /可能會直接被省略掉可能會直接被省略掉 第20頁/共33頁第二十頁，共33頁。Practice Have you

15、ever tried Dianas Cakes? They are so delicious. I have eaten many different kinds of cakes. But I have never tasted anything, quite like cakes made by Diane. She uses the best and the finest ingredients that money can buy. The best flour, the best eggs and the best milk.第21頁/共33頁第二十一頁，共33頁。 第22頁/共33

16、頁第二十二頁，共33頁。Have you ever tried Dianes Cakes? They are so delicious. I have eaten many different kinds of cakes, but, I have never tasted anything, quite like cakes made by Diane. she uses the finest and freshest ingredients that money can buy. The best flour, the best eggs and the best milk. 第23頁/共

17、33頁第二十三頁，共33頁。第24頁/共33頁第二十四頁，共33頁。 Some examples of strong / weak forms:Weak form Sample sentence 1.a/eI/ Weve got a dog.2.an/n/n/ Take an apple.3.her/h:/ /h/, /:/, / Whats her name?4.his/hIz/Iz/ John had his haircut. 5.our/a / :/ We can do it on our own.6.some /sm/ /sm/, /sm/ Get me some water.7.th

18、e/i:/I/, / They saw the young and the old.8.your/j :/j Take your time.9.he/hi:/hI/, /I What did he do?10. me/mi:/mI Let me have a look.WordsSF第25頁/共33頁第二十五頁，共33頁。11. she/i:/ /I Did she come? 12. them /em/ /m/, /m/ Let them go.13. us/s/ /s/ He told us a story.14. we/wi:/ /wI/ Here we are. 15. you/ju:

19、/ /j Did you see my pen?16. him/hIm/ /Im/ Give him a pen. 17. am/m/m/, /m/ Im proud of it.18. are/ :/ What are you doing?19. be/bi:/bI Dont be late. 20. can/kn/ /kn/, /kn/ What can I do? Words SF Weak form Sample sentence第26頁/共33頁第二十六頁，共33頁。21. do/du:/d/, /d/ What do you do on Sundays?22. does/dz/dz

20、/ When does the train leave?23. had/hd/ /hd/, /d/, /d/ How many had he had?24. has/hz/hz/, /z/, /z/, /s/ What has happened? 25. have /hv/ /hv/, /v/, /v/ The kids have gone. 26. is/Iz/z/, /s/ He is coming.27. must/mst/ /mst/,/ms/ We must go now.28. shall/l/l/, /l/ What shall we do?29. was/wz/ /wz/, /

21、wz/ He was out.30. were/w:/w We were all late. Words SF Weak form Sample sentence第27頁/共33頁第二十七頁，共33頁。29. was/wz/ /wz/, /wz/He was out. 30. were /w:/wWe were all late.31. will/wIl/wl/, /l/That will do. 32 at/t/t/Look at him.33. for/f :/fIs it for me?34. from/frm/frm/, /frm/They come from the states. 35. of /v/v/, /v/, /f/Its very kind of you.36. to/tu:/tYou dont have to worry.37. and/nd/ /nd/, /n/, /nd/, /n/ We had fish and chips.38. as/z/z/Just as you like. 39. but/bt/bt/Its