主謂一致和倒裝句

1、1. 由and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，一個人的雙重身份或匹配出現(xiàn)的事物時謂語動詞為單數(shù)，由and連接的兩個并列成分表示兩個不同的概念時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。 The worker and writer is from Beijing. (那個工人兼作家) The worker and the writer are from Beijing. (那位工人和那位作家)Bread and butter is a daily food in the West.Both Cathy and her daughter Linda have gone fishing in Canada. 常見的由常見的由

2、and連接的指一個概念的有：連接的指一個概念的有：the needle and thread 針線針線salt and water鹽和水鹽和水the folk and knife 刀叉刀叉 iron and steel 鋼鐵鋼鐵time and tide 歲月歲月2. everyone of one of each of either of neither of+復數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。 Each of the students has a book. Each of the girls likes dancing. One of them has been abroad. Neither

3、 of the two boys is good at English.one of復數(shù)名詞定語從句復數(shù)名詞定語從句結構結構如果如果one前面沒有限定詞前面沒有限定詞，這個句型中的，這個句型中的“復數(shù)名詞復數(shù)名詞”是先行詞，是先行詞，定語從句的謂語動定語從句的謂語動詞用復數(shù)；詞用復數(shù)；如果如果one前面有前面有the only, the first, the last, the right等限定詞修飾等限定詞修飾，則，則one是先行詞，是先行詞，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。John is the only one of the students who has the

4、keys.John is one of the students who have the keys.3. more than one, many a + 單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞作主語，意義上是復數(shù)，謂語動詞常作主語，意義上是復數(shù)，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。用單數(shù)。(形單意復形單意復)More than one student has tried.Many a student and teacher is watching the football match.Many a man has died in the war.4. each/every/no/many a + 單數(shù)名詞 and each/eve

5、ry/no/many a + 單數(shù)名詞 作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。1.Each book and each paper is foundin its place.2.Every boy and every girl has the rightto receive education.3.Many a boy and many a girl has seenthese painting.4.Every hour and minute is important.第二個each, every, no, many a可以省略。5. a+單數(shù)名詞+and a half, a+單數(shù)名詞+or two 作主語

6、時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。1. A year and a half has passed.2. A day or two is enough.one or two +復數(shù)名詞, one and a half +復數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用復數(shù)。1.One or two boys know it.2.One and a half months have passed since I saw him.3.A month and a half has passed since I saw him. none of.結構作主語結構作主語指代不可數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)；指代不可數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)；指代復數(shù)名

7、詞作主語，強調全體，謂語指代復數(shù)名詞作主語，強調全體，謂語用復數(shù)更好一些；用復數(shù)更好一些；著重個別，則用單數(shù)較好。著重個別，則用單數(shù)較好。None of the money is yours.None of us havehas ever been abroad.6. all, none, some, any 等不定代詞作主語，等不定代詞作主語，根根 據(jù)其指代的內容而定。據(jù)其指代的內容而定。 All are present . All the food tastes good. 7. “a number of復數(shù)名詞復數(shù)名詞”作主語，作主語， 謂謂語用復數(shù)語用復數(shù); “許多許多” “the n

8、umber of復數(shù)名詞復數(shù)名詞”作主語，作主語，謂語用單數(shù)謂語用單數(shù)?！暗臄?shù)量的數(shù)量”The number of traffic accidents has increased.A number of children like this song.the quantity of + 復數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，復數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)謂語用單數(shù)。a quantity of +復數(shù)名詞復數(shù)名詞,謂語用復數(shù)謂語用復數(shù)。 a quantity of +不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞,謂語用單數(shù)謂語用單數(shù).quantities of + 復數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，復數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用復數(shù)。謂語用復數(shù)。

9、Quantities of tea were sold last month.A large quantity of beer was sold out. The quantity of books in the library is amazing. 8. Quantity/ies of +名詞復數(shù)名詞復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞9. population 做主語指人口做主語指人口,謂語用單數(shù)；謂語用單數(shù)；指人的行為、居民等，謂語常用復數(shù)；指人的行為、居民等，謂語常用復數(shù)；分數(shù)分數(shù)/百分數(shù)百分數(shù)+ of the population做主語，謂做主語，謂語用復數(shù)。語用復數(shù)。The populat

10、ion of the village is 538.One third of the population here are workers.10. the Olympic Games, the Asian Games 做主語，謂語用復數(shù)。做主語，謂語用復數(shù)。The Olympic Games are held every four years.謂語動詞要和 of 之后的名詞保持一致。 11.1.Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.2.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is

11、 covered by sea.3.Over twenty percent of the city was destroyed in the war.4.Forty-five percent of the doctors were women.5.Only 40 percent of the students in the class are boys.12. 集體名詞集體名詞class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, majority, crew, audience, government, public

12、, group, committee等作主語。強調整體用單數(shù)，指個體成員用復數(shù)。 His family is in Harbin. His family are music lovers.The committee was made up of 10 members.The committee were in the hall. This class consists of 45 students. Mr. Green teaches it This class are all diligent. Mr. Green teaches them.The team is the best in t

13、he league這個隊在聯(lián)賽中打得最好。這個隊在聯(lián)賽中打得最好。 The football team are having baths足球隊隊員們在洗澡。足球隊隊員們在洗澡。 1His family _ a small one2His family _ fat and short A. is, is B. are, are C. is, are D. are, is 此題應選此題應選 。family是一個集合名詞，是一個集合名詞，具有單數(shù)具有單數(shù)(側重指整體側重指整體)和復數(shù)和復數(shù)(側重指側重指個體個體)兩種可能。兩種可能。但是并不是所有的集合名詞都具有以上兩種用法： 1. 有的集合名詞總是

14、用作單數(shù)有的集合名詞總是用作單數(shù)(不可數(shù)不可數(shù))：clothing衣服，衣服，poetry 詩歌，詩歌，baggageluggage 行李，行李，furniture家俱，家俱，scenery 景色等。景色等。 2. 有的集合名詞總是表示復數(shù)意義有的集合名詞總是表示復數(shù)意義(但不但不用復數(shù)形式用復數(shù)形式)：people人，人，police警察，警察，cattle牲口等。牲口等。3. goods, clothes, glasses, shoes, scissors及及trousers, chopsticks, compasses等以等以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞作主語，謂語用復復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞作主語，謂

15、語用復數(shù)；數(shù)；4. news, politics, maths, physics, plastics等形式為復數(shù)而意義為單數(shù)的名詞作主等形式為復數(shù)而意義為單數(shù)的名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。語，謂語用單數(shù)。The goods belong to Mr. Wang.No news is good news.My trousers are new.13. “theadj./v-ed/v-ing”作主語作主語 the + dying, young, old, blind, rich, sick, wounded, poor及及dead等詞，等詞，相相當于復數(shù)名詞，代表整個類別，故作當于復數(shù)名詞，代表整個類

16、別，故作主語時謂語用復數(shù)。主語時謂語用復數(shù)。The old in China are living a happy life.The wounded have been saved.The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.14. 表示時間、距離、錢額、重量、空間、 體積等意義的復數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語 動詞常用單數(shù)。1. Eight hours of sleep is enough.2. A hundred miles is a long distance.3. Ten pounds was missing from my poc

17、ket.4.Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown. 15. 動名詞、不定式、從句做主語動名詞、不定式、從句做主語1).單個動名詞或不定式作主語，謂語單個動名詞或不定式作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。用單數(shù)。Making speeches is not her strong point.Growing flowers needs constant watering.2). 由由and連接的兩個連接的兩個(或多個或多個)動名詞或動名詞或不定式作主語不定式作主語 如果并列的動名詞或不定式語義相同如果并列的動名詞或不定式語義相同或相似，謂語用單數(shù)；或

18、相似，謂語用單數(shù)； 如果語義不一致，則謂語用復數(shù)。如果語義不一致，則謂語用復數(shù)。Lying and stealing are not right.To love and to be loved is sweet to me.Weeping and wailing does nothing towards solving the problem.3). 由由that, where, when, whether, how等等詞引導的名詞性從句作主語，主句的謂詞引導的名詞性從句作主語，主句的謂語常用單數(shù)形式。語常用單數(shù)形式。How they can finish their work is stil

19、l unknown.Where we will go has not been decided.When and where to hold the meeting _ not decided.When to hold the meeting and where to have lunch _ not decided.isare4.) 由由what引導的名詞性從句作主語引導的名詞性從句作主語，謂語一般用單數(shù)謂語一般用單數(shù)(表語是復數(shù)時也可用表語是復數(shù)時也可用復數(shù)復數(shù))；如果如果what從句是帶有復數(shù)意義的并列從句是帶有復數(shù)意義的并列結構，主句的謂語用復數(shù)。結構，主句的謂語用復數(shù)。What th

20、ey are after is money.What we want areis promises.What he says and (what he) does do not agree.16. Not only he but also I am invited. I or his brothers were to blame.Neither I nor he is to attend the meeting.Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.Not only I but Jane and Ma

21、ry _ tired of having one examination after another. (89)A. is B. are C. am D. be析析: 由由“or, eitheror, neithernor, notbut, not only but also”連接連接兩個并列主語時，動詞與靠近的主兩個并列主語時，動詞與靠近的主語保持一致。語保持一致。17.當當 there be/ here be 句型的主語是一句型的主語是一系列事物時，謂語應與最鄰近的主語保系列事物時，謂語應與最鄰近的主語保持一致。持一致。 1. There is a pen, a knife and sev

22、eral books on the desk. 2. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 3. Here is a letter and a book for you.4. There are three chairs, two tables and a bike in the house.主語后跟主語后跟結構時，謂語動詞一般和前結構時，謂語動詞一般和前面的主語保持一致。面的主語保持一致。 1. The teacher with a number of students is in

23、 the classroom.2. Tom, as much as you, was responsible for the loss. 3. He more than you is anxious to go there.A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a giftA. is offered B. has offeredC. are offered D. have offeredWe Chinese _ a hard-working peopleA. is B. are C. is being D. are bein

24、g此題應選此題應選 。這里應注意的是：我們這里應注意的是：我們通常說的是主謂一致（即謂語與主語通常說的是主謂一致（即謂語與主語保持一致），而不是表謂一致（即不保持一致），而不是表謂一致（即不是謂語與表語一致），本題意為：我是謂語與表語一致），本題意為：我們中國人是一個勤勞的民族。們中國人是一個勤勞的民族。1.These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim2.The planets were the object of his study3.The most important thing I need is books4.

25、The countrys leading export is watches5.The best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies但是有些主語由于本身具有單數(shù)和復數(shù)但是有些主語由于本身具有單數(shù)和復數(shù)兩種可能，它的謂語到底用單數(shù)還是復兩種可能，它的謂語到底用單數(shù)還是復數(shù)，要看具體的語境（多數(shù)情況是看其數(shù)，要看具體的語境（多數(shù)情況是看其后面詞語的單復數(shù)）：后面詞語的單復數(shù)）：1 aWho is your brother？bWho are your brothers？2 aWhat he said is quite correctbWhat he

26、left me are only a few old books1. _ you or he the teacher of English? Neither my sister nor my mother _ present at the meeting. A. Are, was B. Is, were C. Are, are D. Is, is 2. When and where to build the new factory_ yet. (91) A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not dec

27、ided析析: 當當when和和where加不定式指的是加不定式指的是同一件事時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。同一件事時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 A3. I, not you, _ in the wrong. Not I but he _ been invited. A. were, have B. were, has C. was, has D. was, have4. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. (99 Sh2) A. is playing B. have played C. are p

28、laying D. play5. One or two days _ enough to see the city A. is B. are C. am D. be6. Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind A. is B. are C. am D. be7. Not the teacher, but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film A. is B. are C. am D. be8. His “Select

29、ed Poems” _ first published in 1965. 78 A. were B. was C. has been D. have been9. A woman with some children _ soonA. is coming B. are coming C. has come D. have come10. No one except my parents _ anything about this。A. know B. knows C. is known D. are knownNo one knows anything about this except my

30、 parents.11. The teacher as well as the students _ the book already A. has read B. have read C. are reading D. is reading12. All but one _ in the accident A. was killed B. were killed C. will be killed D. are killed All were killed in the accident but one.13.The number of people invited _fifty, but

31、a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; wasB. was; was C. was; wereD. were; were14. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. 99sh A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are15. Mathematics _ the language of science. A. is B. are goi

32、ng to be C. are D. were16. A good deal of money _ spent on books. 83 A. have B. has C. have been D. has been17. On the wall _ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging8518. “_turn green in spring. 86 A. Leaf B. Leafs C. Leave D. Leaves 19. Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A. know B. kno

33、ws C. have known D. is known 20. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were21. As a result of destroying the forests, a large _ of desert _ covered the land. 01 sh A. number; hasB. quantity; has C. number; haveD. quantity; have22. Every boy and every girl as well as some teachers

34、who _ to visit the museum _ asked to be at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning. A. are; areB. is; is C. are; isD. is; areInversion 倒裝句倒裝句 Oh No, not again! 表示強調。表示強調。 承上啟下。承上啟下。 平衡結構。平衡結構。 增強句子的表現(xiàn)力。增強句子的表現(xiàn)力。 制造懸念，渲染氣氛。制造懸念，渲染氣氛。基本語序基本語序主語主語 + 謂語謂語He knew no one in Paris.倒裝語序倒裝語序部分倒裝部分倒裝完全倒裝完全

35、倒裝謂語謂語 + 主主語語助動詞助動詞/情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞完全倒裝完全倒裝部分倒裝部分倒裝+主語主語 + 動詞動詞In came the headmaster. Nothing do I care in my life.基本語序基本語序（natural order）：）：主語主語+謂語謂語+賓語賓語 （subject + predicate+ object）I love English.謂語謂語+主語主語完全倒裝完全倒裝 (full inversion)Here came the headmaster.助動詞助動詞/情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+ 主語主語 + 動詞動詞部分倒裝部分倒裝 (partial i

36、nversion)Nerve will I forget you.倒裝的目的倒裝的目的1語法要求：語法要求：疑問句，疑問句，there be, 祝愿句祝愿句2修辭要求：修辭要求：為了強調；為了強調； 為描寫為描寫 生動；為銜接上下生動；為銜接上下 文；為平衡句子文；為平衡句子Rewrite the following sentences in natural order. Hardly could people believe their eyes. Never did Emmons expect it. In no time did he freeze. Not until the last

37、 shot did he lose. Gone was the gold. So was the silver. So depressed was he that he came up to his wife. He couldnt accept it. Nor could his wife. People could hardly believe their eyes.Emmons never expected it.He froze in no time.He did not lose until the last shot.The gold was gone.The silver was

38、 gone too.He was so depressed that he came up to his wife.His wife couldnt accept it either.部分倒裝部分倒裝1）never, seldom, little, rarely，nowhere, not, hardly,scarcely 等等詞位于句首時詞位于句首時Never have I seen him before.Seldom do we go out.Little does he know what trouble he is in.I have never seen him before.We s

39、eldom go out.He doesnt know what trouble he is in.He little knows what trouble he is in.Exercises:We are going nowhere at the weekend.He knows little about German.Nowhere are we going at the weekend.Little does he know about German.We can solve the problem only by working harder.I realized that I sh

40、ould have taken your advice only when I lost the game.Only by working harder can we solve the problem.Only when I lost the game did I realize that I should have taken your advice.Only you can help me.2)Only + 狀語，位于句首狀語，位于句首Only in this way can you work out the problem. only+介詞短語修飾整句Only then did I r

41、ecognize her.only+副詞修飾整句Only when the war was over was he able to get back home.only+when/if/after的從句修飾整句He had no sooner arrived there than he fell ill.No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.She had scarcely fallen asleep when a knock at the door awaked her. Scarcely had she fallen asleep

42、when a knock at the door awaked her.Exercises:3) No soonerthan Hardly whenScarcely whenHardly had they gone out of the classroom when it began to rain.位于句首位于句首一一就就 （兩個動作（兩個動作一前一后發(fā)生）一前一后發(fā)生）他們一走出教室就下雨了。No sooner/hardly+過去完成時過去完成時, than/when+過去時過去時I did not begin to do my homework until my mother came

43、back. Not until (my mother came back) did I begin to do my homework.Exercises: 4.not until Not until yesterday did I know the news.So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.so .that.位于句首位于句首5) Not onlybut also連接兩個句子時連接兩個句子時He is not only an actor but also a writer. Not

44、only is he an actor but also (he is) a writer.There was not only no electricity at that time, but also (there was) no water in the area. Not only was there no electricity at that time but also (there was) no water in the area. 6) so neither/nor引起的句子表引起的句子表示前面所說的示前面所說的情況也適用于情況也適用于另一個人另一個人He likes ric

45、e very well. So do I.I have never been abroad. Neither has he.We saw the film last week. They saw it, too.We saw the film last week. So did they.I didnt read the notice on the blackboard. He didnt either. I didnt read the notice on the blackboard. Nor did he.*It was cold yesterday. So it was.Exercis

46、es:7. 含有含有NO的介詞短語位于句首的介詞短語位于句首At no time (從不，決不) will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.By no means （決不）can teaching be separated from practice.8.省略了省略了 if 的虛擬條件句的虛擬條件句虛擬條件句的謂語動詞如果是虛擬條件句的謂語動詞如果是 were, had, should 時，可省略時，可省略if, 但其謂語須倒裝。但其謂語須倒裝。Had you worked hard at your lessons, you would ha

47、ve passed the exam. 完全倒裝完全倒裝Here, there, then, now, 或或 out, in, up, down, away, off 等副詞開頭的句子等副詞開頭的句子There goes the bus.Out ran the teacher.Then came a new difficulty.Now comes your turn.主語是人稱代詞，語序不變。主語是人稱代詞，語序不變。Here you are.Out it comes.直接引語的一部分或全部放在直接引語的一部分或全部放在句首時，有時用倒裝。句首時，有時用倒裝?！癐ll call again

48、after supper,” said he.“Let me go on with the operation.” said one of the doctors. 表語（介詞短語）表語（介詞短語）+ 系動詞系動詞 + 主語主語 In the corner was a table.(A table was in the corner.)強調表語時使用強調表語時使用Around his head was a brown snake.*As 引導的讓步狀語從句引導的讓步狀語從句Though he was old, he insisted on going with us. Though he wo

49、rked hard, he failed.Though he is a child, he knows a lot about the world.Though he might try, Tom could not get out of the difficulty.Old as/though he was, he insisted on going with us. (as從句要倒裝，表語成分前置)Hard as he worked, he failed.Child as he is , he knows a lot about the world.（若表語為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，a/an 省略）

50、Try as he might, Tom could not get out of he difficulty.*As 引導的讓步狀語從句引導的讓步狀語從句Though he was old, he insisted on going with us. (as從句要倒裝，表語成分前置)Though he worked hard, he failed.Though he is a child, he knows a lot about the world.（若表語為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，a/an 省略）Though he might try, Tom could not get out of the d

51、ifficulty.*As 引導的讓步狀語從句引導的讓步狀語從句Old as he was, he insisted on going with us. (as從句要倒裝，表語成分前置)Hard as he worked, he failed.Child as he is , he knows a lot about the world.（若表語為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，a/an 省略）Try as he might, Tom could not get out of he difficulty.Fail as I did, I would try again.1.n./adj. + as + S +

52、v.2.adv. + as + S + v.3.v. + as + S + 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞/助動詞助動詞狀語（介詞短語）狀語（介詞短語）+ v. + S.On the wall hangs an old jacket.To the east of the city lie two lakes.Two lakes lie to the east of the city.An old jacket hangs on the wall.S1. After that we never saw her again, nor_from her. ( ) A.did we hear B.we heard

53、C.have we heard D. we have heard2. Not until I began to work_ _how much time I had wasted. ( ) A.didnt I realize B.did I realize C.I didnt realize D.I realized3. Little_about his own safety,though he was in great danger. ( ) A.does he care B.did he care C.he cares D.he cared 4. -David has made great

54、 progress recently. -_, and _. ( ) A.So he has; so you have B.So he has; so have you C.So has he; so have you D.So has he; so you have5. -It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night. -My god! _. ( ) A.So did I B.So I did C.So were you D.So did you6. -Marx was born in Germany,

55、and German was his native language. -_. ( ) A.So it was with Engels B.So was Engels C.So Engeles was D.Was Engels soABBB BA7. Not a single song_at yesterdays party. ( ) A.she sang B.sang she C.did she sing D.she did sing8. Be quick! _. ( ) A.The bus comes here B.The bus here comes C.Here comes the b

56、us D.Here is coming the bus9. No sooner_than he fell asleep. ( ) A.his head had touched the pillow B.had his head touched the pillow C.touched the pillow his head had D.had touched his head the pillow10. Seldom_. ( ) A.Lili her feelings showed B.did show Lili her feelings C.Lili showed her feelings D.did Lili s