高三英語讀寫任務(wù)-概括大意

1、 summary?WritingHow to write a What is a summary? A summary is a brief account of the main points of an article in your own words . Question: What should be paid attention to to write a good summary of an article?Can we copy the sentences in the original passage?2. Can we write it in the first perso

2、n?3. Can we express our opinion in the summary? Discussion Summary 1. Focus on main ideas and omit(省去省去) examples, details.(注重大意，省去詳細(xì)的例子、細(xì)節(jié)注重大意，省去詳細(xì)的例子、細(xì)節(jié)) 2. When you use the words and phrases in the original passage, do not include your own opinion, but be sure to use your own words instead of cop

3、ying them. .(引用原文的詞句引用原文的詞句,不能添加自己的見解，但是要用自己的語言概括）不能添加自己的見解，但是要用自己的語言概括） 3. Write it in the third person . （第三人稱）（第三人稱） 4.Control the number of words about 30 (25- 40). 廣東高考概括部分評(píng)分細(xì)則：廣東高考概括部分評(píng)分細(xì)則： 1完全糊涂地照抄原文，連人稱都不改的，完全糊涂地照抄原文，連人稱都不改的，得得0分；分； 2機(jī)械死板地照抄原文，只改人稱的，得機(jī)械死板地照抄原文，只改人稱的，得1分；分； 3稍微靈活地抄原文，改主語，賓語、原

4、稍微靈活地抄原文，改主語，賓語、原文詞序的，得文詞序的，得2分；分； 4創(chuàng)造性地抄創(chuàng)造性地抄-改主語、賓語、原文詞序改主語、賓語、原文詞序還有句子結(jié)構(gòu)的，最多得還有句子結(jié)構(gòu)的，最多得3分。分。 5用自己的詞用自己的詞/近義詞、句子結(jié)構(gòu)，句式變近義詞、句子結(jié)構(gòu)，句式變化比較好的得化比較好的得4至至5分。分。具體方法 定時(shí)態(tài)定時(shí)態(tài) The passage tells us that 定人稱：一般用定人稱：一般用第三人稱第三人稱（書信則用第一、（書信則用第一、第二人稱）第二人稱） 定技巧定技巧 ： 重組句重組句 段落概括段落概括 文章概括文章概括重組句1)Use words of similar m

5、eanings 同義替換法同義替換法* I didnt catch any fish owing to the fact that I was not patient.* I didnt catch any fish_ I was not patient/ impatient.2)Adopt the opposite way when saying a sentence 正話反說法正話反說法You will fail. = You will _. becausenot succeed3)Change the part of speech 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法* Patience is very impo

6、rtant. Patience is _.* The writer made a vivid description of the beauty under the sea. The writer _ the beauty under the sea.of great importance vividly described4)Change the structure of a sentence句式句式變化法變化法* 語態(tài)變換語態(tài)變換：Parents should give children more praise.Children should _ more praise.* 簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句

7、簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句：Children should be encouraged more. This will help them learn faster.Children should be encouraged more, _ will help them learn faster.be givenwhich5)Use the shortest possible transitions 連連詞銜接法詞銜接法注意使用一些短而精的連詞，如注意使用一些短而精的連詞，如but, and, so, while, however, then, yet, for, therefore, thus, inc

8、luding, instead of 等。等。We should encourage children. We should not scold them.We should encourage children_ scolding them.instead of串聯(lián)要素法串聯(lián)要素法 寫作方法寫作方法串聯(lián)要素法串聯(lián)要素法 記敘文的概要記敘文的概要, 一般包括記敘文的六個(gè)一般包括記敘文的六個(gè)要素要素(who; when; where; what; how; why), 也就是考生應(yīng)先通讀閱讀短文，找出這六也就是考生應(yīng)先通讀閱讀短文，找出這六個(gè)要素個(gè)要素,然后用自己的話將這六個(gè)要素串成然后用自己的

9、話將這六個(gè)要素串成一兩句話即可。一兩句話即可。 當(dāng)然當(dāng)然, 不一定每篇記敘文都包含這六個(gè)不一定每篇記敘文都包含這六個(gè)要素要素,但但“某人做了某事某人做了某事, 結(jié)果如何結(jié)果如何”是應(yīng)當(dāng)是應(yīng)當(dāng)包括的。因此包括的。因此, 要寫好概要要寫好概要, 須找到以下兩須找到以下兩個(gè)問題的答案：個(gè)問題的答案：(1) 誰做了什么？誰做了什么？(who did what)(2) 結(jié)果如何？結(jié)果如何？(what was the result) 如果是如果是夾敘夾議夾敘夾議的文章的文章, 還要加上這個(gè)還要加上這個(gè)故事給人們的故事給人們的啟示或教育啟示或教育。narration the six elements of

10、a narrative passage whowhenwhere What (event)How (process)why Hi, I am Mike. I just went through my first year of college. The toughest part on me at first was the general adjustment. I went to a very small high school where my mom was a teacher and she did practically everything for me. But at the

11、college I need to know some basic life skills, such as balancing a check-book, laundry, and the things you have to be able to handle that I never thought of in the high school! It was really tough for me at first and I got badly homesick. Once that first semester was over and I got used to the colle

12、ge life, I love itgood facilities, helpful instructors, and a good library. The students Union organizes various parties every week. I also go to cinemas and concerts, and often spend Saturday nights in pubs and clubs. One thing I think is important is to get yourself active in things. I was on danc

13、e team in college and met a ton of people that wayit was so much easier to make friends when you had a common ground. the six elements of a narrative passage who When/where /What How (process)At first: Then: At last: why MikeHis first year of collegetoughestadjustmentgot used to itlove the college l

14、ifeGet himself active in things _his first year of college life. At first he _, but aftergetting active in things for one semester, he _ and_ .didnt adjust himself welladapted to itenjoyed himselfTry it!記敘文的摘要開頭語:The writer/author .The story mainly tells us that. 議論文通常包括論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論議論文通常包括論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論, 因此寫議

15、論文的概要主要是找出主題句因此寫議論文的概要主要是找出主題句(the topic sentences)、支撐句、支撐句(supporting sentences)和結(jié)論句和結(jié)論句(conclusion sentences)。 其中最主要的是找準(zhǔn)主題句。其中最主要的是找準(zhǔn)主題句。 概要模板：概要模板：論點(diǎn)論點(diǎn)+論據(jù)論據(jù)(+結(jié)論結(jié)論)When we meet with difficulties in life, we notice that some of us choose to bury heads in the sand. Unfortunately, however, this attit

16、ude will do you no good, because if you have no courage to face them, how can you conquer them? Thus, be optimistic; as it can give you confidence and help you see yourself through the hard times.Keeping optimistic, you will be able to realize, in spite of some hardship, theres always hope waiting f

17、or you, which will lead you to the ultimate success. Thomas Edison is optimistic; if not, the light of hope in his heart could not give light to the whole world. Alfred Nobel is optimistic; if not, the explosives and the Nobel Prize would not have come into being.A rose may be beautiful, or may be n

18、ot. That depends on your attitude only. So does success, and so does life. Difficulties do exist, but if you are optimistic, then they are only episodes(插曲插曲) on your long way to success; there are more bridges than obstacles! The great British poet Shelleys lines say, “If winter comes, can spring b

19、e far behind?By showing two examples of successful scientists, the author suggests that when meeting difficulties, we should be optimistic because only in this way can we overcome them and succeed in the end. 我們根據(jù)說明文的不同類型我們根據(jù)說明文的不同類型, 分別給出分別給出三種參考模板：三種參考模板：1. 描寫某事物的性質(zhì)功用。即描寫某事物的性質(zhì)功用。即“對(duì)象對(duì)象+性性質(zhì)功用質(zhì)功用+利

20、好利好”： (In the passage) the writer introduces. (對(duì)象對(duì)象)to us, especially its.(性質(zhì)或功用性質(zhì)或功用), from which we know.(對(duì)象帶來的利好對(duì)象帶來的利好).2. 針對(duì)某個(gè)問題提出解決方法或措施。針對(duì)某個(gè)問題提出解決方法或措施。即即“問題問題+解決方法解決方法”： The passage tells us.(問題問題), and the solutions including.(方法方法1), .(方法方法2)and.(方法方法3). Eye care is an important factor in

21、all of our lives. Without eyes, we seem to be able to do nothing. But, what can we do to take care of eyes? Firstly, we should eat healthy foods. Secondly, dont sit before a computer screen or TV for too long time and take regular rest at intervals so as to relax the eye muscles. Thirdly, having eno

22、ugh sleep is the best rest for eyes. Besides those notices, you should be aware of some threats to eyes in daily lives. Excessive exposure to bright sunlight is harmful to eyes, therefore, when going out, especially in summer time, put on a pair of qualified sunglasses. Stay away from smoking. Some

23、ingredients in cigarettes are carcinogenesis(致癌的致癌的). Last but not least, take regular medical examines to check out the potential eye disease and prevent its deterioration(退化退化). Eyes are the most important sense organs and one should use proper eye care products to avoid further irritations (刺激刺激)

24、and ensure longevity解題過程解題過程 本文在指出本文在指出眼睛重要眼睛重要后后, 緊接著提出問題緊接著提出問題“為為保護(hù)眼睛保護(hù)眼睛, 我們可以我們可以做些什么做些什么呢呢”, 然后然后分點(diǎn)分點(diǎn)說明說明應(yīng)該做些什么。因此應(yīng)該做些什么。因此, 我們可以套用我們可以套用“問題問題+解決解決方法方法”模式：模式： Our eyes are important for us, so the author tells us how to take care of our eyes, including eating healthy food, giving them enough t

25、ime to rest, knowing some threats, and taking frequent eye examinations.3. 介紹某現(xiàn)象及其原因和結(jié)果。即介紹某現(xiàn)象及其原因和結(jié)果。即“現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象+原因原因+結(jié)果結(jié)果”： (The passage talks about).(現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象), because /but.(原因原因/本質(zhì)本質(zhì)1), and. (原因原因/本質(zhì)本質(zhì)2).在高考讀寫任務(wù)中在高考讀寫任務(wù)中, 多為說明某種社會(huì)多為說明某種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象的說明文。現(xiàn)象的說明文。 夾敘夾議記敘文和哲理性的小品文，夾敘夾議記敘文和哲理性的小品文， 先按照單純記敘文的概括方法，先按照單純記敘文的概括方法， 后加上作者的看法或觀點(diǎn)以及從中后加上作者的看法或觀點(diǎn)以及從中得出的哲理。得出的哲理。Conclusion :記敘文：記敘文：議論文：議論文：說明文：說明文：夾敘夾議：夾敘夾議：who,