高中英語系動詞和助動詞精講及練習

1、系動詞和助動詞一、 動詞概述表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞叫做動詞。可以分為以下四類：類別例句使用特點行為動詞及物動詞Love, make后跟賓語不及物動詞Go, rise后不跟賓語連系動詞Be, look后跟表語助動詞Be, have, do, shall, will, did本身沒有詞義，后跟動詞原形或分詞，構成疑問句或否定句等情態(tài)動詞Can, may, mist本身有詞義，后跟動詞原形，構成謂語二、 連系動詞系動詞亦稱連系動詞（Link Verb），作為系動詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語（亦稱補語），構成系表結構說明主語的狀況、性質、特征等情況。系動詞后不可接副詞，接的是形容詞

2、。大致分七種1狀態(tài)系動詞 用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如： He is a teacher. 他是一名教師。（is與補足語一起說明主語的身份。）2持續(xù)系動詞 用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他開會時總保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一個謎。 3表像系動詞 用來表示看起來像這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. 他看起來很累。

3、He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起來很傷心。 4感官系動詞 感官系動詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. 這種布手感很軟。 This flower smells very sweet. 這朵花聞起來很香。 5變化系動詞 這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，變化系動詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall（asleep）, get, go, come, run. 例如： He became mad after that. 自那之后，他瘋了。 She grew

4、 rich within a short time. 她沒多長時間就富了。 6終止系動詞 表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove, turn out, 表達證實，變成之意，例如： The rumor proved false. 這謠言證實有假。 The search proved difficult. 搜查證實很難。 His plan turned out a success. 他的計劃終于成功了。（turn out表終止性結果）7使役動詞：let,have,make 使，讓Let /make somebody do sthThe teacher lets/makes them clean th

5、e classroom after school.Make sb/sth adj. The story makes me happy. The color makes it look beautiful.Have somebody do sth 讓某人做某事Have sth done 讓某物被My mother haves me make the bed. I have my hair cut/washed.有些動詞它們既可以用作實義動詞，又可以用作連系動詞。另外be還可用作助動詞。它們的用法不同，詞義和句型結構也有所不同。例如：Look at the blackboard, please.請

6、看黑板。(look用作實義動詞) He looks a little tired.他略顯疲倦。(look用作連系動詞) They are at work.他們在工作。(are用作連系動詞) They are working.他們正在工作。(are用作助動詞，幫助構成現(xiàn)在進行時) 三、 助動詞協(xié)助主要動詞構成謂語動詞詞組的詞叫助動詞（Auxiliary Verb）。被協(xié)助的動詞稱作主要動詞（Main Verb）。構成時態(tài),語態(tài)。 助動詞是語法功能詞，自身沒有詞義，不可單獨使用，它沒有對應的漢譯，例如： He doesnt like English. 他不喜歡英語。 （doesnt是助動詞，無詞義

7、；like是主要動詞，有詞義)1、助動詞be（am, is, are, was, were, being, been）的用法（1） be后跟現(xiàn)在分詞構成進行時態(tài)。Who is playing the violin?誰在拉小提琴？She was reading a book then.那時她正在讀書。（2）be后跟過去分詞構成被動語態(tài)。He was asked to do the work.有人要他干這件工作。You are invited to attend the meetintg.有人邀請你參加會議。（3）be 后跟不定式作謂語，有如下幾種情況：表示計劃、安排將要發(fā)生的事。Who are

8、we to meet?我們要見誰呀？Im to have supper with John this afternoon.今天下午我要與約翰一起吃晚飯。表示指示、命令，否定式表禁止。You are to see the headmaster today.今天你必須去見校長。You are not to enter the room without permission.未經(jīng)允許你不能進入房間。表示義務、責任等，同should。You are to be back before 5.你得在5點鐘以前回來。What is to be done?該干什么。表示可能性，與情態(tài)動詞may, can同義。

9、Such books are to be found in any library.這種書任何圖書館都有。Not a sound was to be heard.一點聲響也沒有。表示后來發(fā)生的事，可以用來表示命運或注定They say good-bye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.他們告別了，沒想到再也不能相見了。He was to regret the decision.他有一天會后悔做出這一決定的。用于習語Where am I to go? 我該向何處去？What am I to do? 我該怎么辦？2、助動詞hav

10、e(has, had, having)的用法（1）助動詞have可以構成完成時或完成進行時He has been a doctor for 10 years.他當醫(yī)生十年了。This is the place I have been longing to visit.這就是我一直渴望參觀的地方。（2）和不定式構成謂語，表示客觀上不得不做的事情。Weve missed the train. Well have to wait for another one.我們己經(jīng)誤了火車，我們只能等下一列。-Do we have to start work?我們得立刻工作嗎？-No. We dont have

11、 to.不，不必了。3、do(does, did) 的用法（1）構成疑問句或否定句How did you know about it?你是怎樣知道這件事的。He does not smoke. 他不抽煙。（2）加強語氣。He did tell that.他的確告訴了此事。Do come and see us.一定來看我們。（3）代替前面剛出現(xiàn)的動詞，避免重復。-You like popular music, dont you?你喜歡流行音樂，是吧？-Yes , I do.是的，我喜歡。He speaks French as fluently as she does.他講法語和她講的一樣流利。（

12、4）用于倒裝句中。Never did he pay attention to my words.他從不注意我的話。Only then did I understand the importance of English.只是那時，我才了解到英語的重要性。（5）構成否定的祈使句。Dont be so careless.不要那么粗心。Do not hesitate to come for help.只管來求助。4. 助動詞shall和will的用法shall和will作為助動詞可以與動詞原形一起構成一般將來時，例如： I shall study harder at English.我將更加努力地學

13、習英語。 He will go to Shanghai.他要去上海。 說明： 在過去的語法中，語法學家說shall用于第一人稱，will 只用于第二、第三人稱?，F(xiàn)在，尤其是在口語中，will常用于第一人稱，但shall只用于第一人稱，如用于第二、第三人稱，就失去助動詞的意義，已變?yōu)榍閼B(tài)動詞，試比較: He shall come.他必須來。（shall有命令的意味。） He will come.他要來。（will只與動詞原形構成一般將來時。） shall在疑問句中,用于第一,第三人稱,征求對方意愿 shall I turn on the light? 要開燈嗎?( 我把燈打開好嗎?) shall

14、 he come to see you? 他要不要來看你 (比較: will he come to see you? 他會不會來看你) shall 用在陳述句, 與第二第三人稱連用, 變?yōu)榍閼B(tài)動詞 表示允諾,命令,警告,和說話人的決心等5.助動詞should,would的用法1）should無詞義，只是shall的過去形式，與動詞原形構成過去將來時，只用于第一人稱，例如： I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天給他打電話，問他我下周干什么。 比較： What shall I do next week?I

15、 asked. 我下周干什么？我問道。（可以說，shall變成直接引語時，變成了should。） 2） would也無詞義，是will的過去形式，與動詞原形構成過去將來時，用于第二、第三人稱，例如： He said he would come.他說他要來。 比較： I will go, he said. 他說：我要去那兒。 變成間接引語，就成了： He said he would come. 原來的will變成would，go變成了come.。過去式從原來的go變?yōu)閏ame。 系動詞專項訓練1. What is Mr Wang like? _.A. He is a teacher B. He

16、is old and kindC. He looks like a balloon D. He likes English2. What Mr White said sounds_.A. friendly B. wonderfully C. pleasantly D. nicely3. The poor boy _ blind at the age of three.A. turned B. goes C. became D. went4. When he was a child he_ .A. grew patience B. was alive C. ran wild D. came tr

17、ue5. His voice_ as if he has a cold.A. sounds B. listens C. hears D. seems6. This shirt_ as if it is made of cotton.A. is B. looks C. feels D. seems7. He looks _ he hadnt had a good meal for a monthA. that B. as if C. when D. so far8. It _that he was late for the train.A. looks B. turns C. gets D. s

18、eems9. These apples taste_.A. to he good B. to be well C. well D. good10. Do you like the shirt? Yes, it _ very soft.A. feels B. felt C. is feeling D. is felt11. The moment Mr Zhang went to bed, he_ asleepA. kept B. got C. fell D. fall12. When I went home yesterday, it was _ dark.A. going B. getting

19、 C. running D. coming13. Their plan _ to be a perfect one.A. proved B. was proved C. is proving D. proving14. The flowers in the garden _ sweet.A. sound B. taste C. become D. smell15. She_ like her mother in character.A. looks B. seems C. is D. feels16. It_ another fine day tomorrow.A. seems B. prom

20、ises C. appears D. looks17. He _ much younger than he really is.A. appears B. grows C. becomes D. turns18. You_ very pale. Do you feel sick?A. looked B. look C. looking D. are looked19. His wish to become a driver has _true.A. turned B. realized C. come D. grown20. Her father _a writer.A. turned B.

21、grew C. has turned D. has become助動詞專項訓練 1.If it is fine tomorrow, we _ a football match. a. have b. will have c. has d. shall has 2.When he was at school, he _ early and take a walk before breakfast. a. will rise b. shall rise c. should rise d.would rise 3.In the past 30 years China _ great advances

22、 in the socialist revolution and socialist construction. a. has made b. have made c. had made d. having made 4.I _ go to bed until I _ finished my work. a. dont/had b. didnt/have c. didnt/had d. dont/have 5._ you think he _ back by dinner time? a. Do/have come b. Did/will have come c. Does/will come

23、 d. Do/will have come 6.He said that he dropped his bag when he _ for the bus. a. was runing b. was running c. were running d. is running 7.No sooner _ he arrived home than he _ to start on another journey. a. has/was asked b. have/were asked c. had/is asked d. had/was asked 8.“_ you give me a room

24、for the night?” I asked on arriving at the hotel. a. Should b. Can c. Might d. May 9.There are nine of them, so _ get into the car at the same time. a. they may not at all b. all they may not c. they cant all d. all they cant 10.“We didnt see him at the lecture yesterday.” “He _ it.” a. mustnt atten

25、d b. cannot have attended c. would have not attended d. neednt have attended 11.“You realize that you were driving at 100 mph, dont you?” “No, officer. I _. This car cant do more than 80.” a. didnt need to be b. may not have been c. couldnt have been d. neednt have been 12.he was a good runner so he

26、 _ escape from the police. a. might b. succeeded to c. would d. was able to 13.If they _, our plan will fall flat. a.are co-operating b. had not co-operated c. wont co-operate d. didnt co-operate 14.I hoped _ my letter. a. her to answer b. that she would answer c. that she answers d. her answering 1

27、5.He _ live in the country than in the city. a. prefers b. likes to c. had better d. would rather 16._ to see a film with us today? a. Did you like b. Would you like c. Will you like d. Have you liked 17.Im sorry, but I had no alternative. I simply _ what I did. a. must do b. had to do c. ought to h

28、ave done d. have to do 18.“Time is running out,_?” a. hadnt we better got start b. hadnt we better get start b. hadnt we better get started d. hadnt we better not started 19.No one _ that to his face. a. dares say b. dares saying c. dare say d. dare to say 20.The students in the classroom _ not to m

29、ake so much noise. a. need b. ought c. must d. dare 21.You _ last week if you were really serious about your work. a. ought to come b. ought to be coming c. ought have come d. ought to have come 22.The elephants ought _ hours ago by the keepers. a. to be fed b. to feed c. to being fed d. to have bee

30、n fed 23.“I wonder why theyre late.” “They _ the train.” a. can have missed b. could miss c. may have missed d. might miss 24.“Tom graduated from college at a very young age.” “He _ have been an outstanding student.” a. must b. could c. should d. might 25.You _ the examination again since you had al

31、ready passed it. a. neednt have taken b. didnt need to take c. neednt take d. mustnt take 26.He is really incompetent! The letter _ yesterday. a. should be finished typing b. must be finished typing c. must have finished typing d. should have been finished typing 27.The boy told his father that he w

32、ould rather _ an astronaut. a. become b. to become c. becoming d. became 28.When we reached the station, the train had still not arrived; so we _. a. needed not to hurry b. neednt have hurried c.need not to have hurried d. didnt need to hurry 29.Since your roommate is visiting her family this weeken

33、d,_ you like to have dinner with us tonight? a. will b. wont c. wouldnt d. do 30.He was afraid what he had done _ a disastrous effect on his career. a. might have b. could be c. have been d. shall be 31.He _ hardly say anything more, since you know about it. a. dont need to b. neednt c. needs d. nee

34、d 32.You _ the look on his face when he won the prize. a. would have seen b. should have seen c. must see d. can be seeing 33.Some people think the stock market will crash, but _. a. I wonder if it happens b. I doubt if it will happen c. I am afraid it wouldnt happen d. I doubt if it does happen 34.

35、“Whatever has happened to George?” “I dont know. He _ lost.” a. can have got b. may have got c. might get d. could get 35.He has no idea what the book is about. He _read the book. a. couldnt b. couldnt have c. mightnt have d. shouldnt have 36.New studies show that two of Saturns rings _ longer than

36、the 4.5 billion years since the birth of the Solar System. a. could have lasted b. should have lasted c. would have lasted d. must be lasting 37.Take the telescope with you in case you _ it in your expedition. a. will need b. would need c. should need d. could need 38.Need he come at once? Yes, he _

37、. a. must b. must not c. need d. may 39.Please answer the phone. It _ be by your father. If it is, would you tell that I want to see him? a. will b. should c. would d. could 40.Well never give in whatever they _ say or do. a. may b. will c. shall d. should 41.With all this work on hand, he _ to the

38、cinema last night. a. mustnt go b. wouldnt go c. oughtnt go d. shouldnt have gone 42.Everyone _ the cake because there wasnt even a small piece left. a. must like b. must have liked c. must have been liking d. had liked 43.I wish to recollect where I met her, _? a. would I b. may I c. may not I d. c

39、an I 44.I _ think he will _ dare the risk. a. not/ . b. do/not c. ./not d. dont/. 45.If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it _ be active. a. may not b. must c. might d. is not 46.You _ your seats today if you want to go to the game. a. had better to reserve b. had better rese

40、rve c. had to better reserve d. had to reserve better 47.I _ the operation unless it is absolutely necessary. a. would rather not have b. would not rather had c. rather would not have d. rather not would have 48.Many scientists _ their own eyes and ears than the theories of the ancients. a. would ra

41、ther to believe b. would rather believe c. rather would believe d. will rather believe 49.To travel from England to Scotland you _ a passport. a. havent got b. mustnt have c. neednt d. dont need 50.One of the statements _ to be untrue. a. is turned out b. has turned out c. have been turned out d. ha

42、ve turned out 51.I dont know whether it will rain or not, but if it _ rain, I shall stay at home. a. will b. did c. does d. shall 52.“Youd like some tea,_?” a. wouldnt you b. shouldnt you c. hadnt you d. didnt you 53.“May we take the books out?” a. No, you may not b. No, you can not c. No, you cant

43、d. Please dont 54.“I would have come sooner, but I _ that you were waiting.” a. didnt know b. hasnt known c. hadnt know d. havent known 55.If you dont want to, you _ to get there with us. a. mustnt b. cant c. dont have d. have not 56.I would go to visit them but I _ think they are anxious to see me.

44、 a. havent b. dont c. doesnt d. didnt 57.Whatever you can do,_. a. I can do so as well b. I can do this as well c.I can do it as well d. I can do as well 58._ I realized the consequences I would never have contemplated getting involved. a. Had b. Have c. Having d. Has 59.“Perhaps she is working for

45、John.” “Yes, she _ for him.” a.need have been working b. may be working c.ought have been working d. ought be working 60.“I know she was in because I heard her radio, but she didnt open the door.” “She _ the bell.” a. may not be hearing b. may not have heard c.must not have heard d. must not be hear

46、ing 61. “He was smoking.” “Then he _ .” a.ought to have been not smoking b. ought to have not been smoking c.ought not to have been smoking d. ought to not have been smoking 62.You _ out yesterday without a coat. No wonder you caught cold. a. oughtnt have gone b. shouldnt have gone c. mustnt have go

47、ne d. cant have gone 63.“Paul was riding a bicycle along the motorway when he was hit by the trailer of a lorry.” “He _ a bicycle along the motorway; bicycles are not allowed.” a. shouldnt have been riding b. couldnt have been riding c.oughtnt have been riding d. cant have been riding 64.I am listen

48、ing. But you _. a. need be listening b. should be listening c. need have been listening d. ought be listening 65.He _ with us last night. a.would have liked to go b. should like to be going c.should be liked to go d. would like to go 66.I _ his face when he opened the letter. a. should like you to s

49、ee b. would have liked you to be seen c.should like you to have seen d. would like you to see 67.You say you _ do it, but I say you _ do it. a. ought not/could b. will not/shall c. could not/need d. shall not/ought 68.We _ put the meeting off for a week. a. can as well b. will as well c. shall as we

50、ll d. may as well 69._ wind your watch every day? a. Do you need b. Must you have to c. Have you to d. Do you have to 70._ give him a chance to try? a. Oughtnt to we b. Oughtnt we to c. Ought to we not d. Oughtnt we 71.“Did you blame him for his mistakes?” “_” a. Id rather not do b. Id not rather do

51、 c. Id better not do d. Id rather not doing 72.You had better _ your hair cut. a. had b. have c. to get d. to have 73.My sister didnt go to the party last night because she _ the baby for her friend until 9:30. a.must have looked after b. would have to look after c.had to look after d. should have looked after 74.Mary is very late, she _. a.may miss her train b. may have missed her train c.must miss her train d. could miss her train 75.No matter what you may say, he _ to his own views. a.would always stick b. will always stick c. should always stick d. must always stick to 76.Its wonderful