2017高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)與策略第1部分專題3閱讀理解模式2主旨大意題講練

1、模式2|主旨大意題確定標(biāo)題概括全文主題概括段落大意寫作目的標(biāo)題是文章的題目， 它不是主題，但限定 主題的范圍，可表達(dá) 主題，是對(duì)主題的提 煉和濃縮，表現(xiàn)形式 多為短語(yǔ)，尤其是名 詞短語(yǔ)。主題是文章的中心思 想，是作者所要表達(dá) 的中心意思，有的直 接出現(xiàn)在文中，有的 需通過(guò)綜合全文的內(nèi) 容概括歸納得出。段落大意是指段落的 中心意思。文章常由 多個(gè)段落組成，共同 支撐全文主題，但每 段又分述/、同的意 思，可通過(guò)歸納、演 繹等方法概括得出。作者寫文章的目的有 三個(gè)：to express one's feelings ,attitude and ideas ; to affect reade

2、rs;to inform readers。可細(xì)分為tointroduce , describe , explain , inform , analyze , express , convey, argue , encourage , praise , criticize , advocate 等。解 題技 巧1 .細(xì)讀文章或段落的首句、中間句和尾句，主題往往就在這些地方 出現(xiàn)。2 .特別關(guān)注however, but等表示轉(zhuǎn)折的信息詞，主題很可能就在 這類詞的后面出現(xiàn)。3 .表小結(jié)論性的信息詞如so , thus , therefore 等后面通常會(huì)出現(xiàn)主題句。4 .對(duì)記敘文要會(huì)根據(jù)所述事件進(jìn)行

3、歸納概括，領(lǐng)會(huì)其寓意，總結(jié)出 文章的主題。5 .標(biāo)題是對(duì)主題句的高度概括，用詞更少，簡(jiǎn)明扼要，有時(shí)會(huì)用形 象化的語(yǔ)句。典例剖析典例 1（2015。江蘇高考 B）In the United States alone , over 100 million cell一phones are thrown away each year.Cell phones are part of a growing mountain ofelectronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants.The electronicwaste stream

4、is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.A Swiss studyreported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste ， the concentration

5、 （ 含量 ） of gold and other precious metals was higher in so called e waste than in naturallyoccurring minerals.Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed ， the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries ， in pr

6、actically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material ， up to 100 times more than the material contained in the finished products.Consider again the cell phone， and imagine the mines th

7、at produced those metals， the factoriesneeded to make the box and packaging （ 包裝 ） it came in.Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.The U S.Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production ， distribution ， and use of products as w

8、ell as management of the resulting waste all result in greenhouse gas r elease. ” Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start for instance ， buying reusable products and recycling.In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered

9、or has been put in place as an incentive （動(dòng)機(jī) ） for reducing waste.Ifproducers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products，would they reduce the packaging in the first place?Governments' incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce i

10、s usually based on money.Why ， they ask ， should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap （ 氣泡墊 ） that encased your television?From the governments' point of view ， a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and t

11、he physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax payers back to the producers.60 What does the passage mainly talk about?A The increase in e waste.B The creation of e waste.C The seriousness of e waste.D The management of e waste.60. D 主旨大意題。文章首段提出了一種普遍現(xiàn)象電子垃圾太多，接下來(lái)介紹了電子垃圾的危

12、害及來(lái)源。從第五段到最后一段一直在分析電子垃圾的處理措施及責(zé)任歸屬，特別是由最后一段的內(nèi)容可知應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。A、C兩項(xiàng)只是對(duì)首段的概括，內(nèi)涵太?。籅項(xiàng)是對(duì)第四段的概括。 典例 2（2014。江蘇高考- C 節(jié)選）Most positive emotions are associated withapproach behaviour ： we move closer to people we like.Most negative emotions， incontrast ， are associated with avoidance behaviour ： we moveaway from peop

13、le and things that we dislike or that makeus anxious.But anger is an exception to this pattern.The angrier we are ， the more likelywe are to move towards the object of our anger.Thiscorresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger ： the angry person moves closer in order to influence an

14、d control the person or situation causing his anger.This approach and confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry（ 不對(duì)稱 ） of EEGactivity.Interestingly ， this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy （ 同感 ）towards the individual who is bringing forth the an

15、gry response.In defensive anger ， in contrast ， the EEGasymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger inspiring situation.64 What is the key message of the last paragraph?A How anger differs from other emotions.B How anger relates to other emotions.C Behavioural responses to anger.D Behavioural patterns of anger.64. D 主旨大意題之段落大意。 本題考查考生理解全段、 提煉信息和概括總結(jié)的能力。根據(jù)題干信息可定位到文章的最后一段。根據(jù)本段第三句“ But a