新概念1冊(cè) 101-102課

1、Lesson 101 A card from Jimmy吉米的明信片 Todays English1.Good luck! 祝好運(yùn)!2. I promise 我保證 Scotland sktlnd n.蘇格蘭（英國(guó)） card k:d n. 明信片 youth ju: n. 青年 hostel hstl n. 招待所，旅館 association sen n. 協(xié)會(huì) soon su:n adv. 不久 write (wrote, written) v. 寫(xiě) Scotland sktlnd n.蘇格蘭（英國(guó)） 蘇格蘭是大不列顛及北愛(ài)爾蘭聯(lián)合王國(guó)下屬的地區(qū)之一，位于大不列顛島北部，英格蘭之北，以格

2、子花紋，風(fēng)笛音樂(lè)，畜牧業(yè)與威士忌工業(yè)而聞名。 card k:d n. 明信片 =post card 明信片明信片credit card 信用卡信用卡an ID card 身份證身份證a birthday card 生日卡片生日卡片Play cards 打撲克打撲克visiting cardcalling cardbusiness card 名片 youth ju: n. 青年1) n.青年人，年輕人青年人，年輕人 （單復(fù)數(shù)同形）（單復(fù)數(shù)同形）該國(guó)的青年人一般都有禮貌。該國(guó)的青年人一般都有禮貌。The youth of the country is polite in general.2）n.

3、青年（少年）時(shí)期，青春時(shí)期青年（少年）時(shí)期，青春時(shí)期他少年時(shí)代在美國(guó)度過(guò)。（他少年時(shí)代在美國(guó)度過(guò)。（spend）He spent his youth in the U.S.A他年輕時(shí)學(xué)過(guò)意大利語(yǔ)。他年輕時(shí)學(xué)過(guò)意大利語(yǔ)。He studied Italian in his youth. hostel hstl n. 招待所，旅館 association sen n.協(xié)會(huì)我父親是牙醫(yī)協(xié)會(huì)的會(huì)長(zhǎng)。我父親是牙醫(yī)協(xié)會(huì)的會(huì)長(zhǎng)。My father was the president of the dental association.p在組織或者機(jī)構(gòu)前要加定冠詞在組織或者機(jī)構(gòu)前要加定冠詞thethe Unit

4、ed Nations 聯(lián)合國(guó)聯(lián)合國(guó) soon su:n adv. 不久1) adv.不久不久他不久就會(huì)回來(lái)。他不久就會(huì)回來(lái)。He will be back soon. 表演在晚餐之后很快就開(kāi)始了。表演在晚餐之后很快就開(kāi)始了。The show began soon after dinner.2)adv.快，早快，早Winter has come too soon.冬天來(lái)得太早了冬天來(lái)得太早了The sooner, the better. 越快越好越快越好as soon as 一一就就你一完成就告訴我你一完成就告訴我Tell me as soon as you have finished. wri

5、te (wrote, written) v. 寫(xiě)請(qǐng)你把姓名，地址寫(xiě)在這里。請(qǐng)你把姓名，地址寫(xiě)在這里。Write your name and address here, please. 我用鉛筆還是用鋼筆寫(xiě)？我用鉛筆還是用鋼筆寫(xiě)？Shall I write with a pencil or a pen? write in English用英文寫(xiě)用英文寫(xiě)write to sb. 給某人寫(xiě)信給某人寫(xiě)信我一個(gè)月給我家人寫(xiě)兩封信。我一個(gè)月給我家人寫(xiě)兩封信。I write to my family twice a month.Listen and answer:1.What does Grandmothe

6、r want Penny to read to her?2.Where is Jimmy?3 Has Jimmy been in Scotland for a long time?4. Where does he say hes staying?GRANDMOTHER: Read Jimmys card to me please, penny. PENNY:I have just arrived in Scotland and Im staying at a Youth Hostel.GRANDMOTHER: Eh? PENNY: He says hes just arrived in Sco

7、tland. He says hes staying at a Youth Hostel. You know hes a member of the Y.H.A.GRANDMOTHER: The what? PENNY: The Y.H.A., Mum. The Youth Hostels Association. GRANDMOTHER: What else does he say? PENNY: Ill write a letter soon. I hope you all well. GRANDMOTHER: What? Speak up. Penny. Im afraid I cant

8、 hear you PENNY: He says hell write a letter soon. He hopes we are all well. Love, Jimmy. GRANDMOTHER: Is that all? He doesnt say very much, does he? PENNY: He cant write very much on a card,Mum. 1.What does Grandmother want Penny to read to her?pJimmys Card.2.Where is Jimmy?pHes in Scotland.3 Has J

9、immy been in Scotland for a long time?pNo, he hasnt.4. Where does he say hes staying?pAt a Youth Hostel.Note on the text 課文講解課文講解1.Read Jimmys card to me please, Penny.read sth to sb =read sb sth把把讀給讀給聽(tīng)聽(tīng)讀這份報(bào)紙給我聽(tīng)。讀這份報(bào)紙給我聽(tīng)。Read the newspaper to me. 你能給我讀一下這封信嗎？你能給我讀一下這封信嗎？Can you read the letter to me

10、?2.just （1）剛剛（完成時(shí)態(tài)）剛剛（完成時(shí)態(tài)）她剛剛把鑰匙給我。她剛剛把鑰匙給我。He has just given the key to me. 他剛剛?cè)D書(shū)館。他剛剛?cè)D書(shū)館。She has just gone to the library.（2）正要）正要,剛要?jiǎng)傄?(進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài))他們剛要作弊，老師過(guò)來(lái)了。他們剛要作弊，老師過(guò)來(lái)了。They were just cheating. The teacher came here. 3. Eh? =What?=Pardon?4. He says hes just arrived in Scotland. He says hes s

11、taying at a Youth Hostel.引述別人的話有兩種方式：一是使用引號(hào)引出人家的原話，叫做直接引語(yǔ)；一是用自己的話把人家的話轉(zhuǎn)述出來(lái)，叫做間接引語(yǔ)。例如： John says, “Im tired.” （引號(hào)內(nèi)是直接引語(yǔ)） John says that he is tired. （賓語(yǔ)從句是間接引語(yǔ)） 直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)p直接引直接引語(yǔ)語(yǔ)就是直接引用就是直接引用說(shuō)話說(shuō)話人原來(lái)所人原來(lái)所說(shuō)說(shuō)的的話話，而，而間間接引接引語(yǔ)語(yǔ)就是原就是原話話的的轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)述。述。p直接引直接引語(yǔ)語(yǔ)放在引號(hào)里，放在引號(hào)里，間間接引接引語(yǔ)語(yǔ)是把是把說(shuō)話說(shuō)話人人的原的原話變?cè)捵兂沙少e語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句

12、。從句。p直接引直接引語(yǔ)變語(yǔ)變間間接引接引語(yǔ)須語(yǔ)須在人稱，在人稱，時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)及地點(diǎn)及地點(diǎn)狀狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)等方面作相等方面作相應(yīng)應(yīng)的的變變化?；?.如果直接引語(yǔ)為陳述句，變?yōu)槿绻苯右Z(yǔ)為陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)常時(shí)常用從屬連詞用從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)（口語(yǔ)中可省略），引導(dǎo)（口語(yǔ)中可省略），引述引述動(dòng)常常用動(dòng)常常用say, tell等。同時(shí)，概據(jù)主語(yǔ)的要求，等。同時(shí)，概據(jù)主語(yǔ)的要求，間接引語(yǔ)須在間接引語(yǔ)須在人稱，時(shí)態(tài)及人稱，時(shí)態(tài)及其它方面作相應(yīng)的其它方面作相應(yīng)的變化。變化。She said to me, “I have left my book in your room.” She told me

13、that she had left her book in my room.2. 如果直接引語(yǔ)為如果直接引語(yǔ)為疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)關(guān)聯(lián)詞用關(guān)聯(lián)詞用whether, if 或其他疑問(wèn)詞或其他疑問(wèn)詞;詞序與詞序與一般從句相同，一般從句相同，引述動(dòng)詞引述動(dòng)詞常用常用say, ask, wonder等。等?！癐s he your brother?” he said. He asked if he was my brother.Mr. Smith asked, “What is your name?”Mr. Smith asked what my name was. 3.如果直接

14、引語(yǔ)為如果直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)多用時(shí)多用“名詞（代詞）名詞（代詞）+不定式不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)。1）引述表示）引述表示命令命令的祈使句，常用動(dòng)詞的祈使句，常用動(dòng)詞order, tell, warn;2）引述表示）引述表示請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求的祈使句，常用動(dòng)詞的祈使句，常用動(dòng)詞ask, beg;3)引述表示引述表示建議、勸告的建議、勸告的祈使句，常用動(dòng)詞祈使句，常用動(dòng)詞advise等。等。The boss said, “Please come here again tomorrow.” The boss asked me to go there again the next d

15、ay. 賓語(yǔ)從句三要素賓語(yǔ)從句三要素引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞that+that+陳述句陳述句 ififwhether+whether+一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句 特殊疑問(wèn)詞特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ +特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)從句可為任何時(shí)態(tài)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)從句可為任何時(shí)態(tài)主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)從句從句一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)語(yǔ)序語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序都為陳述句語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序都為陳述句語(yǔ)序客觀真理時(shí)態(tài)不變客觀真理時(shí)態(tài)不變If whether “是否”pIt all depends on if she likes the boss.pIt a

16、ll depends on whether she likes the boss.pIt all depends on whether she likes the boss or not.用 whether 不用 if在介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中不用if引導(dǎo)p 例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。賓語(yǔ)從句中有or not時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo).p 例：I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.和不定式連用作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo).p 例：Whether to go there or

17、 not hasnt been decided.注意事項(xiàng)：p由陳述句變成賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要注意人稱的變化。p She said: “I have been to England before.”p She said that she had been to England before.p She asked me: “Do you like maths?”p She asked me if I liked maths.“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”p 由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，如果賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人時(shí)，可以用“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”做賓語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句結(jié)構(gòu)。p I dont know wha

18、t I should do next.p I dont know what to do next.p He didnt know where he would live.p He didnt know where to live.p 1. He said. He has a big house.p 2. Nobody knows. Did anybody get there on time?p 3. She wondered. Where can she wait for No. 11 bus?p 4. Aunt Liu asked her son :Do you find my handba

19、g?“p 5. The teacher told the students :The sun is bigger than the moon.“p 6. Did you know? Whats your father doing ?p 1. He said. He has a big house.He said he had a big house.p 2. Nobody knows. Did anybody get there on time?Nobody knows if anybody got there on time.p 3. She wondered. Where can she

20、wait for No. 11 bus?She wondered where she could wait for No. 11 bus.p 4. Aunt Liu asked her son :Do you find my handbag?Aunt Liu asked her son whether he found her handbag.p 5. The teacher told the students :The sun is bigger than the moon.The teacher told the students that the sun is bigger than t

21、he moon.p 6. Did you know? Whats your father doing ?Did you know what your father was doing?5.arrive in + 城市城市/ 國(guó)名（大地點(diǎn)）國(guó)名（大地點(diǎn)）她昨天到了馬德里。她昨天到了馬德里。She arrived in Madrid yesterday.arrive at +公共場(chǎng)所地點(diǎn)名稱公共場(chǎng)所地點(diǎn)名稱(airport, park, the station)（?。ㄐ〉攸c(diǎn)）地點(diǎn)）我們十分鐘前到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)。我們十分鐘前到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)。We arrived at the airport the minutes

22、 ago. 6.You know hes a member of the Y.H.A. a member of 的成員之一她是我們班的一員。She is a memer of our class.7.What else does he say?What else 其它什么其它什么When else 其它什么時(shí)間其它什么時(shí)間Where else 其它什么地方其它什么地方Who else 其它什么人其它什么人你還想要其它什么東西？你還想要其它什么東西？What else do you want? 其它什么時(shí)間我們?cè)僖?jiàn)面呢？其它什么時(shí)間我們?cè)僖?jiàn)面呢？When else can we meet aga

23、in? 你還去過(guò)其它什么地方？你還去過(guò)其它什么地方？Where else have you been? 還有誰(shuí)能做這件事？還有誰(shuí)能做這件事？Who else can do it? 8. Speak up.=Louder, please.=Say it loudly, please. 9. Im afraid I cant hear you . hear 與 listen to 的區(qū)別： hear 聽(tīng)見(jiàn)，及物動(dòng)詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果 Can you hear me at the back? listen to 聽(tīng)，不及物動(dòng)詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作 Listen to me/ music, please!10. Lov

24、e, Jimmy. =Yours, Jimmy. 11.He doesnt say very much, does he? 反意疑問(wèn)句反意疑問(wèn)句簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)就是: 陳述句+簡(jiǎn)短反義提問(wèn)句 反意疑問(wèn)句：定義：表示提問(wèn)人的看法，但沒(méi)有把握，需要對(duì)方的證實(shí)。結(jié)構(gòu)：陳述句+簡(jiǎn)短疑問(wèn)句。前肯后否，前否后肯。兩部分的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)要保持一致。 You are Jimmy, arent you? They wont leave, will they? 回答:要根據(jù)事實(shí)， Yes/No也要與后面一致： No, he doesnt. 是，他沒(méi)寫(xiě)多少。 Yes, he does. 不，他寫(xiě)了很多。1.簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)就是:陳述句

25、+簡(jiǎn)短反義提問(wèn)句 1）當(dāng)陳述部分為肯定式，反意疑問(wèn)句為否定式。例如:It is a cup,isnt it?（這是杯子，對(duì)么？）He wants to go home,doesnt he? （他想回家，對(duì)么？）2）當(dāng)陳述部分為否定式，反意疑問(wèn)句為肯定式。例如：It isnt a cup,is it?（這不是杯子，對(duì)么？）He doesnt want to go home,does he?（他不想回家，對(duì)么？） 2.反意疑問(wèn)句的回答簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)就是：無(wú)論問(wèn)題是肯定還是否定，回答都是根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來(lái)回答。例如：You like apples, dont you?(你喜歡蘋(píng)果，對(duì)么？）You dont l

26、ike apples, do you?（你不喜歡蘋(píng)果，對(duì)么？）雖然問(wèn)題不一樣，但答案是：如果你喜歡的話就回答：Yes,I like.如果你不喜歡的話就回答：No,I dont like.3.特別注意：肯定反意疑問(wèn)句的回答和否定反意疑問(wèn)句的回答翻譯成漢語(yǔ)是有區(qū)別的：1）肯定反意疑問(wèn)句回答時(shí)yes和no翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)是一致的：例如：“Its new, isnt it?” （“這是新的，對(duì)嗎？”）“ ”Yes,it is.“ （是，是新的?！保癐ts new, isnt it?“ （“這是新的，對(duì)嗎？”）“ ”No,it isnt.“（不，不是新的?！保?2）而否定反意疑問(wèn)句回答時(shí)yes和no翻譯成

27、漢語(yǔ)時(shí)是不一致的：例如：“It isnt new, is it?” （“這不是新的，對(duì)嗎？ ）“Yes,it is.” （“不，是新的?！保盜t isnt new, is it?“ （“這不是新的，對(duì)嗎？”） 特別注意：當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是I，而句子又用來(lái)征詢對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)用you。如： I find English very interesting, dont you? I dont like that film, do you? 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是everybody, everyone, someone, nobody, no one, somebody等合成 代詞時(shí)，附

28、加疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)通常用they。但亦 可用he，尤其是nobody, no one等作主語(yǔ)，具 有否定概念時(shí)。如： Somebody phoned while I was out, didnt they? Nobody wants to go there, does he? 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是不定代詞everything, nothing, anything, something時(shí),附加 疑問(wèn)句用it.Everything seems all right now, doesnt it?Nothing is kept in good order, is it? 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是指示代詞this

29、, that或these, those時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)分別用it和they。如： This is important, isnt it? These are your friends Tom and Jack, arent they? 5. 當(dāng)陳述句為there be結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句中用there。如： Theres no help for it, is there? Theres something wrong, isnt there? 6陳述部分帶有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定詞或半否

30、定詞時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)部分的動(dòng)詞用肯定形式。如： Bob rarely got drunk, did he? 7.如果陳述部分的否定詞帶有否定前綴，那么，該陳述部分作肯定處理，附加疑問(wèn)部分一般仍用否定形式。如： He was unsuccessful, wasnt he? Tom dislikes the book, doesnt he? 7. Dont open the door, will you? Give me some cigarettes, can you? Take a rest, why dont you? Lets have a basketball match this afte

31、rnoon, shall we? Let us go out for a rest, will you?p1. Tom does his homework every day, ?p2. Hes swimming now, ?p3. She doesnt like maths, ?p4. They went to the beach yesterday, ?p5. They werent in Hangzhou last week, ?p6. He can speak a little French, ?p7. He can speak little French, ?p8. She never went to Shanghai, ?p9. Close the door,