高中英語必修3unit4知識重點Word版

1、Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars教 材 面 面 觀單詞拓展1._n天文學_adj.天文學的_n天文學家2_n理論3_n大氣層；氣氛4_n生物學_n生物學家_adj.生物學的5_n地心引力；重力6_n衛(wèi)星；人造衛(wèi)星7_n物理學家_adj.物理的_n物理8_vt.乘；增加9_vi.存在_n存在10_vt.使迷惑_n難題；謎_adj.迷惑不解的11_vi. & vt.碰撞；墜落12_adj.猛烈的_n暴力_adv.猛烈地13_adj.有害的_n害處_vt.對有害14_adj.全世界的；全球性的_n球體；地球儀15_prep.不像；和不同短語回顧1._e

2、ggs下蛋2in ones_ 輪到某人；接著3block_ 擋住(光線)4get the_of 熟悉；掌握；理解5watch_ 密切注視；當心；提防6depend_ 依靠7cheer_ 感到高興；感到振奮8now_ 既然9give _ to 產生；分娩10_ from 阻止；制止句型背誦1.The earth became_violent_it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.地球變得如此猛烈以至于不明確是否它的形狀會保持這個樣子。2This produced a chain reaction，which made_possi

3、ble for life to develop.這引起一連串的反應，使生命的生長發(fā)育成為一種可能。3But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried_ _ _ _on the earth and fell over.而當我試著向前邁步的時候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。4When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us but it will not be _ _ _ _ _ the earths.我們離月球越

4、近，就會感覺到月球的引力在吸引我們，但不如地球的引力那么強。5Walking does need a bit of practice _ _ gravity has changed.既然重力改變了，走路也確實需要練一練了。自我診斷單詞拓展1astronomy，astronomer，astronomic2.theory3.atmosphere4biology，biologist，biological5.gravity6.satellite7.physicist，physics，physical8.multiply9.exist，existence10.puzzle，puzzle，puzzled1

5、1.crash12.violent，violence，violently13.harmful，harm，harm14.global，globe15.unlike短語回顧1lay2.turn3.out4.hang5.out6.on7.up8that9.birth10.prevent句型背誦1so；that2.it3.twice as far as4.as strong a pull as5now that考 點 串 串 講重點單詞1.as conj.隨著，當?shù)臅r候用法拓展(1)prep.作為，當作(2)adv.同樣地(3)conj.引導時間狀語從句，在期間；當時候(4)conj.引導原因狀語從句

6、，由于，因為(5)conj.引導讓步狀語從句，盡管；即使；雖然(6)conj.引導方式狀語從句，以方式(7)關系代詞，引導定語從句As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.隨著年紀越來越大，他除了喜歡園藝以外，對一切都失去了興趣。We had better treat it as a joke.我們最好把它當作玩笑。She is as tall as her mother.她和她母親一樣高。As I am going to repair my bike, I need a hammer.因為我將修理我的自行

7、車，我需要一把錘子。Intelligent as you are, I suspect you will fail.盡管你聰明，我猜你會失敗。Cyprus, as you know, is an island in the Mediterranean.如你所知，塞浦路斯是地中海的島國。特別提醒表示“隨著”時，也可以用with短語(with復合結構)。隨著這個國家財富的增加，更多的浪費將會產生。As the wealth of the country increases, more waste will be produced.With the wealth of the country inc

8、reasing, more waste will be produced.即境活用單項填空The Beatles, _ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.AwhatBthatChow DasChina is to have more giant pandas, _ 13 female pandas are expecting babies this year.Aso BifCthough Das_ children get older, they become more and more interested

9、 in the things around them.AWhile BWhenCAs DWithI couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.Agoing on Bgoes onCwent on Dto go on答案：DDCA2lay vt.放置；壓倒；使躺下；放到 vt. & vi.生蛋，產卵He laid his coat over a chair.他把外套放在椅子上。The trees were laid flat by heavy wind.樹木被風刮倒了。The hens dont lay eggs during this cold

10、weather.這樣冷的天氣母雞不會下蛋。易混辨析動詞原形第三人稱單數(shù)過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞中文釋義lieliesliedliedlying撒謊；謊話lielieslaylainlying躺；位于laylayslaidlaidlaying放置；下蛋Obviously he was lying.顯然他是在撒謊。There lies a small town at the foot of the mountain.山腳下有一個小鎮(zhèn)。即境活用單項填空The camera isnt _. It still _ where I _ it a month ago.Amissed; lies; layBmi

11、ssing; lies; laidCgone; lays; laid Dlost; lays; lay答案：B3prevent vt.阻止；制止Vitamin C is supposed to prevent colds.維他命C被認為能預防感冒。Nothing can prevent us from carrying out the plan.什么也不能阻止我們執(zhí)行這個計劃。特別提醒stop.from.和keep.from.也有相同意思，但需要注意的是在keep.from.短語中，介詞from不能省略，因為keep sb. doing sth.的意思是“使某人一直做某事”。His fathe

12、r stopped/prevented/kept him from joining the army.他爸爸阻止他參軍。Lets hurry. Dont keep him waiting.我們快一點，不要讓他等著。易混辨析prevent.from與protect.from(1)prevent.from.阻止某人做某事(2)protect.from.保護免受She protected her eyes from the sun with her hand.她用手遮住太陽保護眼睛。All visitors were prevented from touching the painting.所有參觀

13、者都被阻止觸摸那幅畫。即境活用單項填空Many fastgrowing countries are less concerned with protecting _ against climate change.AoneBoneselfCthem DthemselvesWe must do what we can to prevent the rivers from _ by factories.Ato pollute Bto be pollutedCpolluting Dbeing polluted答案：DD4violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；粗暴的；暴力的Violent crimin

14、als like that are a danger to society.那種暴力罪犯對社會是一種危害。The boat sank in a violent storm at sea.船在海上強烈的風暴中沉沒。用法拓展a violent death橫死，暴死lay violent hands on對行兇，對下毒手a violent dislike極端的厭惡violence n暴力，粗暴，猛烈do violence to損害；污辱，歪曲事實use violence使用暴力即境活用單項填空That morning，they had a_quarrel，and she threatened him

15、 with a kitchen knife.AharmfulBgentleCviolent DfundamentalShe was in a_temper and began throwing things about.Aharmful BpoorCgentle Dviolent答案：CD5unlike prep.不像；不同于adj.不同的；不相似的He managed to finish the race，unlike most of the competitors.他在比賽中堅持跑完了全程，不像大部分選手那樣半途而廢。His new novel is unlike all his prev

16、ious ones.他新出的這部小說與他以前的不同。用法拓展It is unlike sb. to do sth.做某事不是某人的特點(風格)。dislike vt.不喜歡，討厭unlikely adj.不大可能的likely adj.有可能的即境活用翻譯句子中國的北方不比南方，春天老刮風。_她不像她媽媽；她很高，而她媽媽很矮。_答案：The north of China，unlike the south，is windy in spring.She is unlike her mother；she is tall and her mother is very short.6harmful a

17、dj.有害的，其反義詞為harmless。It is generally accepted that smoking is harmful to our health.吸煙有害健康，這是大家公認的。Its harmful to your eyes to read in the bus.在公共汽車上看書對你的眼睛有害。The dog seems fierce，but hes harmless.這狗看似兇狠，但不傷人。用法拓展harm n傷害；損害，常構成do harm to.或do sb. harm結構。vt.傷害；損害It wouldnt do him any harm to work a b

18、it harder.工作努力點對他沒什么害處。There was a traffic accident in this street，but no one was harmed.這街上發(fā)生了交通事故，但沒有人受傷。即境活用單項填空If the factories keep on sending off this kind of smoke，great harm will be_to the living things here.Amade BdoneCtaken Dsuffered答案：B7puzzle vt.使迷惑；使為難；使窘困vi.感到迷惑n(游戲的)猜謎；難題；謎What puzzle

19、s me is why they didnt show up.令我百思不解的是他們?yōu)槭裁礇]有出現(xiàn)。Her decision was a puzzle to him.她的決定對他來說是個謎。I have been puzzling about this question for weeks now.我對這個問題已冥思苦想了好幾個星期。用法拓展puzzled adj.迷惑不解的，常用來修飾人。puzzling adj.令人迷惑不解的，常用來修飾事物。She listened with a puzzled expression on her face.她臉上帶著困惑的表情在傾聽著。The teach

20、ers explanation clarifies the puzzling problem.老師的說明澄清了令人迷惑不解的問題。即境活用單項填空_at what had happened，she decided to look into the matter on her own.APuzzle BTo puzzledCPuzzled DPuzzling答案：C8exist vi.存在；生存；維持生存用法拓展exist in存在于之中exist by靠生存come into existence開始存在；成立bring into existence使發(fā)生；產生即境活用單項填空People do

21、 not now believe in the_of ghosts.Abirth BevidenceCexistence Doccurrence答案：C句意為：現(xiàn)在人們不相信鬼魂的存在。existence“存在”；birth“出生”；evidence“證據(jù)；物證”；occurrence“發(fā)生(的事情)，出現(xiàn)；存在(的事物)”。9mass n團；塊；質量；大量；體積用法拓展masses of大量的；許多的a mass of許多的；大量的be a mass of.滿是；遍布著in the mass大體上；大致上the(great)mass of大多數(shù)；大部分特別提醒a mass of和masses

22、 of可以修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)與mass的單復數(shù)形式保持一致。即境活用單項填空_work has been done to prevent the water being polluted.AA plenty of BA number ofCA mass of DA great many答案：Ca mass of可以修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞；a number of與a great many只能修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)；A項表述錯誤，應為plenty of，題中work為不可數(shù)名詞，所以C項正確。10presence n在場；存在She was so quiet that h

23、er presence was hardly noticed.她那么安靜，幾乎沒有人注意到她在這里。Since she joined the team last season she has made her presence felt.自從上個賽季加入這個隊以來，她就使人感到她是個舉足輕重的隊員。He is very polite in the presence of his friends.在朋友面前他很有禮貌。用法拓展adj. 出席；在場，作定語時要后置，可構成短語be present at。adj.當前的；目前的vt.提請；授予absent adj.不在場的；缺席，可構成短語be ab

24、sent from。Do you know the people present at the meeting?你認識開會的人嗎？The present situation is very serious.目前的情況很嚴重。He wants to present some money to the school.他想給那所學校捐些錢。Why were you absent from the meeting yesterday?你為什么沒有出席昨天的會議？即境活用單項填空He is very brave and always remains calm in the _ of danger.Apa

25、tienceBexpressionCimpression Dpresence答案：D重點短語1.get/have the hang of熟悉，掌握；理解某事Press the button when the light goes onyoull soon get the hang of it.燈亮時按這個按鈕你很快會熟悉它的用法。用法拓展hang about聚焦在附近；纏住不放；徘徊，閑蕩hang back畏縮不前，遲疑；不肯參加hang behind遲遲不離開；落在后面hang on抓?。粓猿窒氯?；不掛斷(電話)；等一下hang on to緊緊抓住不放；緊跟(某人)hang out把(衣服)

26、等掛在露天；探出身子；(樹枝等)伸出；堅持hang over掛在上；籠罩；突出于；盤旋于hang up掛斷電話；使延期；使擱置起來；掛起hang up on因而精神不安；嗜成癮；迷上Since he lost his job, hes been hanging about here.他失業(yè)后一直在這里閑著。If you dont study hard, you will hang behind.你要是不努力學習，你就會落在后面了。Although we are beaten, we must hang on.盡管我們失敗了，我們必須得堅持下去。They shouted to me to han

27、g on to the rope.他們沖我喊，要我緊緊抓住繩子。He helped to hang up my cap and coat.他幫助我把帽子、大衣掛起來。即境活用單項填空The animals could no longer pull the wagons, too weak to pull their burden, and their tongues _ desperate need of water.Ahanged out inBhanged out forChung out in Dhung out for答案：C2too much 太多The Cambridge team

28、 were too much for the Oxford team in the quiz.在智力競賽中，劍橋隊遠勝于牛津隊。易混辨析much too與too muchmuch too“太，非?！?，副詞詞組，修飾形容詞、副詞，但不能修飾動詞。too much作“太多”解釋，有以下三種用法：(1)用作名詞詞組。(2)用作副詞詞組，修飾不及物動詞。(3)用作形容詞詞組，修飾不可數(shù)名詞。He is much too busy to look after his old father.他太忙了，以至于不能照顧他的老父親。You have given me too much.你給我的太多了。 She

29、talks too much.她說得太多。There is too much snow.雪太多了。即境活用單項填空I dont think the maths problem is _ difficult for her.Atoo much Bmuch tooCvery much Dmuch答案：B3cheer up感到高興；感到振奮Cheer up! Things are not so bad as they seem.振作起來！情況并不像看上去那樣糟。The news cheered him up.這消息使他高興起來。Mrs. Green did not appear to be able

30、 to cheer up.格林太太好像怎么也提不起興致來。用法拓展give three cheers (for)(為)歡呼三聲good cheer佳肴美酒，豐盛的食物take good cheer from sth.(因某事而)感到振奮with good cheer 高高興興地，歡樂地，心甘情愿地words of cheer鼓勵的話即境活用單項填空I seem to be useless and I can do nothing well._， Peter. Its not that bad. Things will get better.ATurn up BBring upCBreak up

31、 DCheer upThe nurse tried to _ up the little boy when he started to cry.Acheer BdressCget Dmake答案：DA4break out爆發(fā)；突然發(fā)生A huge forest fire broke out after the lightning struck.閃電打下來之后，突然引起一場森林大火。He predicted that war would break out in the next few years.他預言戰(zhàn)爭將在下幾年中爆發(fā)。We had been forewarned that fire c

32、ould break out.已經(jīng)事先警告過我們有發(fā)生火災的危險。易混辨析break out，take place，happen與come aboutbreak out僅用于負面場合，多指災難、戰(zhàn)爭、疾病之類現(xiàn)象的突然發(fā)生、爆發(fā)。take place沒有被動語態(tài)，指事先計劃好或預想到的事情的發(fā)生。如：Great changes have taken place in China in the past ten years.在過去十年里，中國發(fā)生了巨大變化。happen是不及物動詞，沒有被動語態(tài)，指一切客觀事物或情況的偶然或未能預見地發(fā)生。如：A big earthquake happened

33、in America.美國發(fā)生了一次大地震。come about屬于中性詞語，既可用于表達正面事物的發(fā)生，又可用于表達負面事物的發(fā)生。如：Tell me how the accident came about，will you?請告訴我事故發(fā)生的經(jīng)過，好嗎？用法拓展break through突破break up分裂，結束；解散break into闖入break in闖入；強行進入，插嘴break down破壞；拆散，(機器)損壞，失敗即境活用用break短語的正確形式填空A thief_and stole many precious treasures.The soldiers_the ene

34、mys defence workers in the end.News reports say peace talks between the two countries have_with no agreement reached.The robber_the bank，trying to take away some money.A quarrel_between them last week.答案：broke inbroke throughbroken downbroke intobroke out5in time遲早；早晚，相當于sooner or later；及時；不遲If you

35、work hard，you will succeed in time.如果你努力工作，你最終會成功的。I intended to catch the early train，but I didnt get up in time.我本來打算趕早班的火車，但是我起晚了。Firemen reached the house on fire in time.消防隊員及時趕到那幢失火的房子。用法拓展in time for.后接名詞，意為“剛好趕上”。in time to do sth.及時做某事I saved my bacon by arriving just in time for the meetin

36、g.我剛好及時到會，才算沒受責備。The car came to a halt just in time to prevent an accident.汽車及時停下，避免了一場車禍。即境活用單項填空After many years of hard work，they achieved their goal_.Aat time Bin timeCfor time Dwith time答案：B6in ones turn輪到某人；接著They all spoke at the meeting，each in his turn.他們每個人都在會上輪流發(fā)言了。用法拓展常見的由turn構成的短語和句型有：

37、in turn依次，輪流；反之，反過來by turns輪流；交替地take turns to do sth.輪流做某事it is ones turn to do sth.輪到某人做某事She asked the same question of everyone in turn.她依次向每一個人問同樣的問題。The shop assistants had to have their days off by turns.店員要輪流休息。It is your turn to read the text.該輪到你讀課文了。The children were taking turns on the s

38、lides in the playground.孩子們在操場上輪流滑滑梯。即境活用單項填空Each neighbor_keep an eye on the children walking back from school.Ain turn Bin returnCin reply Din need答案：A7now that既然用法拓展其他引導原因狀語從句的連詞because“因為”；since“既然”(可與now that互換)；as“由于”；for“因為”(并列連詞，引導一個分句，不能置于句首)。表示原因的其他短語：due to起因于；歸功于because of因為on account of

39、為了的緣故owing to因為；由于thanks to由于；多虧特別提醒now that是連詞詞組，引導原因狀語從句，口語中that可以省略，只用now連接從句。due to表原因時，一般不能放在句首。即境活用單項填空_Ive heard the music，I understand why you like it.AUnless BEven thoughCNow that DIn case_everyone is here，lets begin our meeting!ANow that BThatCAs if DIf答案：C分析句意可知，空格處表示原因，因此C項正確。A通過語境可知，句意為

40、：既然大家都來了，我們開會吧！now that引導原因狀語從句，意為“既然”，符合此處句意。重點句式1.It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.水會對于生命的發(fā)展起關鍵作用，這一點在當時并不明顯。本句是名詞性從句在句中作主語，雖然是以it開頭，但是it只起到形式主語的作用，真正的主語是that water was to be fundamental to the development of life。用it作形式主語是因為that引導的從句較長，如果按

41、照正常語序來安排的話就顯得頭重腳輕了。類似的還有：It is no wonder that he has passed the exam.他順利通過了考試 ，這一點不奇怪。It is reported that Liu Xiang has scratched from the 110m hurdles with his hurt foot in the Olympic Games.據(jù)報道，奧運會上劉翔因腳部受傷而退出110米欄的比賽。即境活用單項填空_he will stay in the company is what his friends most care about.AThat BI

42、fCWhether DWhatAfter 5,000 years of history，_is no surprise that many Chinese people have become pretty set in their ways.Ait BthatCwhich Dthere答案：CA2Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water.另外一些叫做兩棲動物，他們既能在陸地上生活，也能在水里生活。用法拓展(1)本句中others指的除了insects之外的land animals,

43、 后面的called amphibians作定語修飾others。some.others常放在一起使用，表示“一些一些；有些有些”。如：Some students are reading books and others(other students) are writing their compositions.有的學生在看書，有的在寫作文。(2)as well as表示“(除之外)也；既又”。如：Im learning French as well as English.我除學英語之外還學法語。He grows flowers as well as vegetables.他既種菜也種花。特

44、別提醒as well as連接主語時，謂語動詞的形式由as well as前面的名詞決定。如：The teacher as well as several students is doing experiments in the lab.老師和幾個學生正在實驗室做實驗。即境活用翻譯句子一些人支持他，而另一些人反對他。_教授和他的幾個學生正在準備做實驗。_答案：Some people supported him, and others were against him.The professor as well as a few of his students is preparing to d

45、o experiments.3Why they suddenly disappeared still remains at mystery.他們?yōu)槭裁磿蝗粶缃^至今還是個謎。用法拓展(1)本句中why they suddenly disappeared是名詞性從句在句中作主語，引導詞是關系副詞why，在從句中作原因狀語。能夠引導名詞性從句的關系副詞還有：when，where，how等，在從句中都是作狀語。如：Please remind me when he is going.I will see him off.請?zhí)嵝盐宜裁磿r候出發(fā)，我去給他送行。How they will distribu

46、te the work is being discussed.他們如何分配工作還在討論中。(2)remain既可以作系動詞，也可以作實義動詞。作系動詞，意思是“保持，仍然是”，其后常接名詞、形容詞、分詞和介詞短語作表語。如：The labor shortage remain a problem in society.(名詞)勞動力短缺仍然是社會的一個問題。Three out of four of the men present remain single.(形容詞)在場的男士中四分之三的人仍是單身。In fact，the work remained unfinished.(過去分詞)實際上，工

47、作還沒有完成。People in some parts of Africa remain in deep poverty.(介詞短語)非洲一些地區(qū)的人仍然處于極度貧困之中。作不及物動詞，意思是“剩下”，通常不用于被動語態(tài)。如：If you take 5 away from 8,3 remains.八減五等于三。remain也可以接被動結構的不定式，意思是“尚待”。如：It remains to be seen whether you are right.你是否正確，以后見分曉。即境活用翻譯句子有好幾個問題尚待解決。_她整個晚上沉默不語。_她整個下午沒有離開辦公室。_答案：Several pro

48、blems remain to be solved.She remained silent all night.She remained in her office all afternoon.4This produces a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to begin to develop.這引起連鎖反應，使得生命開始發(fā)展成為可能。用法拓展句中的it是形式賓語，真正的賓語是不定式短語to begin to.。it作形式賓語常用在find/make/think/consideritadj./n.to do結構中。We find

49、 it impossible to climb to the top of the hill in such bad weather.這么壞的天氣，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)爬到山頂是不可能的。He made it a rule to get up at seven every morning.他每天早晨七點起床已成了習慣。We think it our duty to help you out of trouble.我們認為幫助你擺脫困境是我們的責任。He considered it important for him to learn spoken English well.他認為學好英語口語對他來說是重要

50、的。溫馨提示it作形式賓語時不僅可代替不定式，還可代替動名詞和句子。We consider it no use discussing the problem with him.我們認為和他討論這個問題沒用。I think it a pity that you didnt come to the concert last Sunday.我認為你上周日沒聽音樂會很遺憾。She likes it when people give her presents on her birthday.她喜歡生日時有人送給她禮物。即境活用單項填空Do you think_difficult to guess the meaning of the word without referring to the dictionary?Athat BthisCit Dwhat答案：C5But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而當我試著向前邁步的時候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，