最新考研英語長難句(下)

1、1、But its interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood arent in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “the Rachel” might make us l

2、ook just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.主干識別：its interesting to wonder 其他成分：if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood arent in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experienceIf引導(dǎo)的賓語從句in the same way that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句

3、中的狀語從句：a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.翻譯點(diǎn)撥：詞匯點(diǎn)撥：Parenthood父母（身份）= parentSubconscious潛意識 Contributing to 造成the Rachel 瑞秋（六人行中的主角之一，很美，劇中是一個單生媽媽） Jennifer Aniston 瑞秋的扮演者，生活中也是一個單生媽媽，前夫是布拉德.皮特主句的處理：Its interesting to wonder 形式主語

4、可以直接翻譯為：但是有趣的是可以思考一下賓語從句的處理：這里需要結(jié)合一個結(jié)構(gòu)：To wonder ifarent 這個結(jié)構(gòu)是可以翻譯為否定也可以翻譯為肯定的，多翻譯為肯定。狀語的處理：in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.這種方式就好像：我們中有一小部分人會覺得，要是成為瑞秋（單身媽媽）就有可能使我們看上去有點(diǎn)像使得我們看上去有點(diǎn)像詹尼弗安尼斯頓了。參考譯文： 有趣的是可以思考一下

5、，我們每周看到的無憂無慮，幸福誘人的為人父母的形象會不會從一種微小的，無意識的方面加劇我們對于現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的不滿。這種方式就好像：我們中有一小部分人會覺得，要是成為瑞秋（單身媽媽）就有可能使我們看上去有點(diǎn)像有點(diǎn)像詹尼弗安尼斯頓了。2、Were Fabric Tourre merely an ordinary defendant in a case brought by the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC), it would be time to forget his name. But on august 1st a jury in a Manha

6、ttan federal court found him liable on six counts of securities fraud-including one of “aiding and abetting” his former employer, Goldman Sachs. This means that a jury has found that the worlds most successful investment bank has done something wrong-and that the case may be far from over.詞匯突破：Secur

7、ity and Exchange Commission (SEC) 美國證監(jiān)會 federal court 聯(lián)邦法庭 found sb liable on 認(rèn)為為而負(fù)責(zé) counts of securities fraud 股票賬戶造假 aiding and abetting 幫助和支持 Goldman Sachs 高盛公司（著名投資銀行） Jury 陪審團(tuán) Fraud造假句子講解：第一句：虛擬語氣，省略了if 引起倒裝,補(bǔ)全之后是： If Fabric Tourre were merely an ordinary defendant參考譯文：如果法布里克.圖爾是一個由證監(jiān)會發(fā)起的訴訟案件中的

8、普通被告， 那么是時候忘記他的名字了。 第二句：第二句和第一句之間構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。參考譯文：但是8月1日，曼哈頓聯(lián)邦法庭的陪審團(tuán)發(fā)現(xiàn)他應(yīng)該為六個股票賬戶的造假負(fù)責(zé)，包括一個為了幫助其前雇主高盛公司的賬戶。 第三句：和第二句構(gòu)成遞進(jìn)；參考譯文：這就意味著陪審團(tuán)發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個世界上最成功的投資銀行做錯事了，這個案子還遠(yuǎn)沒有結(jié)束。3、Galileos greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the pla

9、nets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth. 主干識別：Galileos greatest glory was that （主句主干） he was the first person to prove that （從句主干） the planets revolve around the sun (從句主干）其他成分：to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that （定語） （turn .on. to prove(目的狀語）.） rather

10、than around the earth（我們很熟悉的rather than做狀語）翻譯點(diǎn)撥：中文到英文，如果表語較短的時候沒有必要遵守英文中的主系表結(jié)構(gòu)：他是第一個人，就直接翻譯為：“他第一個”就可以了。 He is the one who invented the telephone.可以翻譯為：他發(fā)明了電話 = 他是發(fā)明電話的那個人。參考譯文：伽利略最大的輝煌就是在1609年的時候，他第一個將新發(fā)明的望遠(yuǎn)鏡對準(zhǔn)了天空，去證明了行星是圍繞著太陽而不是地球轉(zhuǎn)動的。附上一個句子：Sometimes one pays most for the things one gets for nothi

11、ng.有時候不費(fèi)錢的來的東西反而最貴主句：sometimes one pays most for the things定語從句省略了that:(that) one gets for nothing that 指代前面的things做賓語 ; 完整就是：one gets the things for nothing 直接翻譯就是：有時候，一個人為不費(fèi)任何代價而得來的東西支付了最多；轉(zhuǎn)譯：有時候不費(fèi)錢的來的東西反而最貴4、In a speech delivered at Knox College in Illinois, Barack Obama launched his final campai

12、gn: a campaign to revive the American Dream. The speech, less eloquent and windier than the best of Obamas, told Americans a clear story and called on them to support a clear direction. The White House promises that this will be the beginning of a campaign, not a one-off statement for the record. Ob

13、ama finally called out the faction of Republicans that stands in the way of progress.詞匯突破: windier廢話連篇；心情緊張的 eloquent 流暢，雄辯 faction 派系斗爭 stands in the way of progress 阻礙進(jìn)步 one-off 一次性的 例句：It was just a one-off; it wont happen again. 下不為例5、We dont know if this pledge will be fulfilled, or if the init

14、iative will be swamped in the cesspool of budget negotiations, Republican obstruction and presidential concessions that will descend once more on Washington in the fall. But the initiative has the potential of drawing clear distinctions with the Republican right, and offering Americans a clear choic

15、e. Given that, it is worth understanding the scope - and the limits - of the presidents vision.詞匯突破：pledge 承諾 obstruction 阻擋 concession 妥協(xié) Given that 基于此 cesspool of budget negotiations 預(yù)算談判的泥沼 scope - and the limits - of the presidents vision 總統(tǒng)視野有多遠(yuǎn)，有什么局限 draw clear distinctions 做明確的區(qū)分例句：We must d

16、raw a clear distinction between right and wrong. swamp 淹沒；使沉沒；使陷入困難；去除 例句：They will usually be swamped by forces working in the opposite direction. 它們常會被在相反方向起作用的力量所蓋沒。6、When a little-known senator named Barack Obama gave a speech at Knox College in Illinois in 2021, he ripped into then-president Ge

17、orge Bushs policies as “Social Darwinism” that left workers jobless and families unable to afford college or health insurance. Mr. Bushs ideas were at odds, he claimed, with the “decent wages, benefits and public schools” that had created a “massive middle class”.詞匯突破： 1.ripinto 責(zé)罵 例句：The candidate

18、ripped into his opponent mercilessly. 這名候選人無情地抨擊他的對手。 2.At odds with 與不一致； 與不和例句：This action is greatly at odds with his previous attitude. 這一行動與他以往的態(tài)度大相徑庭。參考譯文：2021年，奧巴馬還是一個不知名的議員，他在伊利諾伊州諾克斯學(xué)院發(fā)表的演講，他將時任總統(tǒng)喬治布什總統(tǒng)的政策批判成為“社會達(dá)爾文主義”這樣的政策使得工人失業(yè)，家庭無法承擔(dān)孩子的教育費(fèi)用，付不起醫(yī)療保險。他表示布什總統(tǒng)的理念和“體面的工資，福利和公立學(xué)校，這些造就可觀數(shù)量的中產(chǎn)階級

19、”的理念是不一致的。7、Since then Mr Obama has repeatedly returned to this theme. He nearly always describes his policies as being good for the middle class. Nonetheless, when he returned to Knox Collegeon July 24th, he admitted that, four years into his presidency, the middle class may be worse off.在那之后的奧巴馬常常

20、會提及這些問題。他幾乎一直把他的政策描述為對中產(chǎn)階級大有裨益的。然而，7月24日，當(dāng)他再次來到諾克斯學(xué)院時，他承認(rèn)，他任職總統(tǒng)的四年可能使中產(chǎn)階級過的更糟糕。Wages are stagnant because the recovery has been slow. Globalization and technology allow foreigners and machines to compete for jobs once done by Americans. But this week Mr. Obama focused the blame on his political adve

21、rsaries and their “endless parade of distractions, political posturing and phony scandals”.詞匯突破：stagnant停滯 phony 虛假的 political adversaries 政治對手 （a） parade of 一系列 posturing 故作姿態(tài)；裝腔作勢；裝模作樣 例句：She says the President may just be posturing. 她說總統(tǒng)也許只是在做樣子而已。參考譯文：由于經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇緩慢所以薪資停滯不漲。全球化和技術(shù)（進(jìn)步）給外國人和機(jī)器提供機(jī)會來競爭原本由

22、美國人來完成的工作。但在本周，奧巴馬總統(tǒng)將矛頭指向政治對手，指責(zé)共和黨不斷的使政府分神、故作政治姿態(tài)和（捏造）虛假丑聞。8、Its aim was less to drum up support for specific bills than, as one official put it, to lift the conversation to a higher level”. That is away from touchy topics like the Internal Revenue Services misdeeds and the National Security Agency

23、s snooping.詞匯突破：drum up 招攬，征集，鼓吹，爭取例句：The government has managed to drum up some support for the idea. 政府設(shè)法征集到對這一想法的支持。less +否定 than + 肯定 touchy需要小心對待的；棘手的Internal Revenue Services misdeeds 國家稅務(wù)局丑聞National Security Agencys snooping. 國家安全局竊聽丑聞參考譯文：像一位官員所說，奧巴馬總統(tǒng)演講并不是設(shè)法爭取獲得民眾對具體提案的支持，而是：“將對話提到一個更高的層次。”

24、而這樣就避開了如美國國稅局丑聞和國家安全局竊聽丑聞等棘手的議題。9、The immigration bill taken up this week by the Senate judiciary committee, says Jeff Sessions, one of its members, is like a “mackerel in the sunshinethe longer its out there, the worse it smells”. To lengthen its spell in the sun, he and other opponents are hinderi

25、ng it with amendments. Meanwhile the Heritage Foundation, a conservative think-tank, has released a report claiming that provisions giving Americas 11m-odd illegal immigrants a chance to become citizens would cost America $6.3 trillion over the next 50 years. So far, the bipartisan alliance behind t

26、he bill appears to be holding. But the debate is revealing how delicate that coalition is, and how long and hard a fight it faces.詞匯突破：taken up 受理 coalition聯(lián)合合作 the Senate judiciary committee 美國參議院司法委員會 mackerel 鯖魚 spell 時間段 amendments 修正案 a conservative think-tank保守派的智庫 provisions 條款 bipartisan 兩黨的

27、 alliance 聯(lián)盟 11m-odd 大約1100百萬 trillion 萬億 holding （活動或行動）暫時用作維持現(xiàn)狀的 第一句主干：The immigration bill is like a “mackerel in the sunshinethe longer its out there, the worse it smells” 其他成分：says Jeff Sessions 主謂做插入語 one of its members jeff sessions 的同位語 taken up this week by the Senate judiciary committee 定語

28、參考譯文：美國參議院司法委員會本周受理了移民法案，委員會成員之一杰夫塞欣斯(Jeff Sessions)說，法案就像“太陽底下的鯖魚，放得越久越難聞”。第二句主干：he and other opponents are hindering it with amendments. 其他成分：狀語：To lengthen its spell in the sun,參考譯文:為了讓這條“魚”在太陽底下放得久一些，他和其他反對者用修正案來阻礙這個法案。第三句主干： the Heritage Foundation has released a report 其他成分：claiming that provi

29、sions giving Americas 11m-odd illegal immigrants a chance to become citizens would cost America $6.3 trillion over the next 50 years.（報告聲稱：）微觀分析：賓語從句中的主干：provisions would cost America $6.3 trillion over the next 50 years. provisions的定語： giving Americas 11m-odd illegal immigrants a chance to become c

30、itizens參考譯文：同時，保守派智庫傳統(tǒng)基金會(Heritage Foundation)發(fā)布報告稱：有關(guān)讓美國1100萬非法移民轉(zhuǎn)為公民的條款，在未來五十年將花費(fèi)美國6.3萬億美元。第四句主干： So far, the bipartisan alliance behind the bill appears to be holding. 參考譯文： 目前為止，兩黨在法案上的聯(lián)合看起來依舊如故。第五句主干：But the debate is revealing how delicate that coalition is, and how long and hard a fight it fa

31、ces.參考譯文：但是爭執(zhí)卻也揭示了聯(lián)合會是多么的脆弱，他們將要面對的斗爭又將是多么的持久和艱難。10、With the extension of democratic rights in the first half of the nineteenth century and the ensuing decline of the Federalist establishment, a new conception of education began to emerge. 詞匯點(diǎn)撥：Federalist establishment聯(lián)邦體制Ensuing 緊接的，接踵而至的例句：But as

32、to what happened there after, that will be disclosed in the ensuing chapter. 欲知后事如何，且聽下回分解。主干識別：a new conception of education began to emerge.其他成分：With the extension of democratic rights in the first half of the nineteenth century and the ensuing decline of the Federalist establishment狀語參考譯文：隨著19世紀(jì)上

33、半葉民主權(quán)利的擴(kuò)展和接踵而至的聯(lián)邦體制的衰退，一種新的教育觀念開始浮現(xiàn)出來。11、Education was no longer a confirmation of a pre-existing status, but an instrument in the acquisition of higher status. 參考譯文：教育不再是對先前存在的地位的確認(rèn)，而成了獲得更高地位的工具。12、For a new generation of upwardly mobile students, the goal of education was not to prepare them to li

34、ve comfortably in the world into which they had been born ,but to teach them new virtues and skills that would propel them into a different and better world. 參考譯文：對于不斷進(jìn)步的新一代學(xué)生來說，教育的目標(biāo)不是培養(yǎng)他們在自己出生的環(huán)境中舒適地生活，而是教給他們一些新的品德和技能，從而把他們推進(jìn)一個不同13、But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which go

35、verns his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. （2021）解析：這句話主要難在not. . any more than.這一引導(dǎo)兩個句子進(jìn)行比較的結(jié)構(gòu)上。Any more than主要用在否定句當(dāng)中，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)語氣，如： He did not want to express himself any more strongly than he had to（不到萬不得已他并不

36、想這樣言辭激烈）。可以把49題的這句話簡化為這樣一個結(jié)構(gòu)便于理解： task is not tothink about something, just as a businessman is not expected to do something(他的任務(wù)不是考慮，就如同不指望一個商人去做的一樣)。 Rules都可譯成“規(guī)范”。 除此之外，考生還應(yīng)注意moral code和rules of conduct的譯法，這里的code和rules都可譯成“規(guī)范”。 參考譯文：但是，他的首要任務(wù)并不是考慮支配自己行動的道德規(guī)范，就如同不能指望商人會探索行業(yè)規(guī)范一樣。 那么現(xiàn)在我們來看一下這個句子:No

37、body with any sense expects to find the whole truth in job advertisement any more than he expects a man applying for a job to describe his shortcomings and more serious faults.解析:這個句子同樣是結(jié)構(gòu):not.any more than 的變體；這是在這里not 變成了nobody； Nobody with any sense expects to find the whole truth in job advertis

38、ement先翻前半句：任何有頭腦的人都不指望招聘廣告里說的話都是真話，any more than + 否定含義，同樣他也不會指望求職者會說出自己的缺點(diǎn)和嚴(yán)重過失。參考譯文：任何有頭腦的人都不指望招聘廣告里說的話都是真話，同樣他也不會指望求職者會說出自己的缺點(diǎn)和嚴(yán)重過失。再補(bǔ)充兩個短語：1.up in the air 懸而未決 2.hands-on親力親為例句：Its all up in the air right now: no one can agree on whether to sell the company or not.例句：Our shop manager is really h

39、ands-on. She gets involved with everything from serving customers to stocking shelves.14、下面兩句話是不是一個意思？（1） No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule.在科學(xué)上，職業(yè)人士和業(yè)余人士之間沒有鮮明的區(qū)別：任何規(guī)則（區(qū)別）都能找到例外的情況。 （2）Amateurs can compete with p

40、rofessionals in some areas of science.在科學(xué)的某些領(lǐng)域，業(yè)余人士能與職業(yè)人士競爭 這兩句話是在表達(dá)一個意思；在考研中可以被看作是同意替換。第一句是結(jié)論：任何區(qū)分專業(yè)和業(yè)余人士的規(guī)則都能找到例外；第二句是例子：這種情況就是一種例外??；第一段：The Dow Jones Industrial Average and the S&P 500 index have each notched up record highs so far this year, with investors enjoying double-digitgains. European sh

41、ares, as measured by the Stoxx Europe 600 index, have reached their highest levels in almost five years.詞匯突破：The Dow Jones Industrial Average and the S&P 500 index 道瓊斯工業(yè)平均指數(shù)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù) （美國的主要股票指數(shù)） Notch up贏?。猾@得高分；完成；創(chuàng)下例句：（1）Average earnings in the economy moved up another notch in August. 8月份這個國家的平均收

42、入又上了一個臺階 （2）The economy is expanding, notching up high growth rates.經(jīng)濟(jì)在發(fā)展，實(shí)現(xiàn)了高增長率。 the Stoxx Europe 600 index歐洲斯托克600指數(shù)參考譯文：道瓊斯工業(yè)指數(shù)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù)在今年雙雙創(chuàng)下新高，投資者也享受著兩位數(shù)的收益。歐洲股票的斯托克歐洲600指數(shù)也創(chuàng)近五年的新高。第二段：So what is fuelling the rally? It does not seem to be the strength of the global economy. Recent data have

43、been mixed. Last month the IMF lower edits global-growth forecast for the year from 3.5% to 3.3%. If global growth prospects were improving, one would expect emerging-market stock markets to be performing well, too; in fact, they have been flat this year. And commodity prices usually strengthen when

44、 the economy improves, but The Economists all-items index has fallen by 3.2% so far this year, with industrial materials dropping by 7.1%.詞匯突破：fuel 刺激，促成；A fuels B (A=原因，B=結(jié)果) rally n. 集合；重新集合；重整的信號；反敗為勝(這里指股票的反彈) Mixed 這里的意思是：喜憂參半；復(fù)雜 emerging-market 新興市場（中國等） flat 不景氣The Economists all-items index經(jīng)

45、濟(jì)學(xué)人總商品指數(shù)（反應(yīng)商品價格指數(shù)）參考譯文：是什么造成了這次反彈呢？這似乎并非是全球經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢的原因。最近的數(shù)據(jù)喜憂參半：上月世界貨幣基金組織把全球增長預(yù)期從3.5%下調(diào)到了3.3%。如果全球增長前景不錯，那我們可以期待新興市場的股市表現(xiàn)良好，但事實(shí)上，今年它們也不景氣。經(jīng)濟(jì)提升的時候，大宗商品價格通常會走強(qiáng)，但今年經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人總商品指數(shù)迄今已下跌了3.2%，工業(yè)原料指數(shù)更下跌7.1%。15、Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which d

46、evelop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 詞匯突破: stimuli 刺激物，單數(shù)形式：Stimulus Develop 培養(yǎng) capacity for appropriate responses 恰當(dāng)反應(yīng)的能力 intellectual development. 智力的發(fā)展=智力水平的提高主干：1、Behaviorists suggest that行為主義者認(rèn)為其他：2、the child will experience grea

47、ter intellectual development.賓語從句,孩子將會經(jīng)歷更大的智力水平的提高=兒童的智力就會發(fā)展到較高的水平。3、who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli定語從句,如果孩子是在一個有很多刺激因素的環(huán)境下長大的。4、which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses定語從句這些因素又有利于其恰當(dāng)反應(yīng)能力的發(fā)展翻譯點(diǎn)撥：依然是注意調(diào)整一下各個分句的語序。先單獨(dú)成句再按照中文語序調(diào)整一下。這里就是1342的順序比較好參考譯文：行為

48、主義者認(rèn)為，如果孩子是在一個有很多刺激因素的環(huán)境下長大的，而且這些因素又有利于其恰當(dāng)反應(yīng)能力的發(fā)展，那么孩子將會經(jīng)歷更大的智力水平的提高。16、A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation, a real phenomen

49、on in the late fifties. 詞匯突破：graduate students 畢業(yè)生 Guise 偽裝 intellectual智力的；有才智的；需用智力的；（主要強(qiáng)調(diào)后天的知識） （04年第四篇文章） 知識分子的Slum 貧民窟，貧民區(qū) the intellectual poor窮知識分子classic poor 典型的窮人 Beat Generation 垮掉的一代 （上課提到的）主干識別：A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum 大批的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生被趕進(jìn)了知識分子的貧

50、民窟其他成分：when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor 狀語，在美國窮知識分子成為了典型的窮人the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation,同位語，在頗為浪漫的垮掉的一代的偽裝下的窮人a real phenomenon in the late fifties.同位語這是在50年代后期真實(shí)的現(xiàn)象翻譯點(diǎn)撥：可以采取逆序法翻譯，先翻譯時間再翻譯主句。 （在考研的時候只要能基本翻譯正確，不調(diào)整語序通常只會被扣0.5分，一

51、定要確定自己調(diào)整的是正確的再去調(diào)整。）參考譯文：50年代晚期在美國出現(xiàn)了一個真實(shí)的現(xiàn)象，美國的窮知識分子（披上了）頗為浪漫的“垮掉的一代”的偽裝，成為了典型性的窮人，也就是在那時，大批的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生被趕進(jìn)了知識分子的貧民窟。17、Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for

52、 which it has a strong affinity.詞匯突破：Aluminum 鋁 Free 元素的游離狀態(tài)Affinity for 一種元素對于另一種元素的親和力 Affinity 歸屬感 例句：He has a close affinity with the landscape he knew when he was growing up.他對這片從小就了解的土地有著一種歸屬感。主干識別： Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century.鋁直到19世紀(jì)才被人發(fā)現(xiàn); 其他成分： because nowhere in n

53、ature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.微觀分析：1.because nowhere in nature is it found free 由于在自然界找不到游離狀態(tài)的鋁;2. owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen 由于它總是跟其

54、他元素結(jié)合在一起;最普遍的是跟氧結(jié)合3. for which it has a strong affinity. Which= oxygen It = aluminum = aluminum has a strong affinity for the oxygen 鋁跟氧有很強(qiáng)的親和力。翻譯點(diǎn)撥：中文習(xí)慣先翻原因，再翻結(jié)果參考譯文：鋁總是跟其他元素結(jié)合在一起，最普遍的是跟氧結(jié)合，因?yàn)殇X跟氧有很強(qiáng)的親和力，進(jìn)而在自然界找不到游離狀態(tài)的鋁；所以，鋁直到19世紀(jì)才被人發(fā)現(xiàn)。18、Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereoty

55、pes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.詞匯突破：Prior to 在之前 Stereotypes 模式化的形象(或特征);固定模式;刻板印象;陳規(guī)老套 Lacking=lack of 缺乏，沒有 Features 特征 Unique 獨(dú)特的個體 subject to容易遭受，受管制 numerous 很多的主干識別：Women in novels were stereotypes were also subject to numerous restrictions.其他成分：of lacking any features that made them unique individuals （定語）That= (features) made them unique individuals imposed by the male-dominated culture 定語修飾restrictions參考譯文：20世紀(jì)前，小說中的女性都是一些刻板的形象，沒有任何的特點(diǎn)，所以無法成為獨(dú)特的個體（注意這里定語從句的處理，這里