2018年全國醫(yī)學(xué)考博英語試題.doc

1、2018MD全國醫(yī)學(xué)博士外語統(tǒng)一考試英語試卷答題須知1 .請考生首先將自己的姓名、所在考點、準考證號在試卷一答題紙和試卷二標準答題卡上認真填寫清楚，并按“考場指令”要求，將準考證號在標準答題卡上劃好。2 .試卷一 (Paper One浴案和13c卷二(Paper Two溶案都作答在標準答題卡上，不要 做在試卷上。3 .試卷一答題時必須使用2B 鉛筆，將所選答案按要求在相應(yīng)位置涂黑；如要更正， 先用橡皮擦干凈。書面表達一定要用黑色簽字筆或鋼筆寫在標準答題卡上指定區(qū)域。4 .標準答題卡不可折疊，同時答題卡須保持平整干凈，以利評分。5 .聽力考試只放一遍錄音，每道題后有15秒左右的答題時間。國家醫(yī)學(xué)

2、考試中心PAPER ONEPart 1 : Listening comprehension (30%)Section ADirections:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between twospeakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said, The question will be read only once, After you hear the question, read t

3、he four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET .Listen to the following exampleYou will hearWoman:I feel faint.Man:No wonder. You haven t had a bite all day.Question:What s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She

4、is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B C DNow let s begin with question Number 1.1. A. About 12 pintsB. About 3 pintsC. About 4 pintsD. About 7 pints2. A. Take a holiday from work.B. Worry less about work.C. Take some

5、 sleeping pills.D. Work harder to forget all her troubles.3. A. He has no complaints about the doctor.B. He wont complain anything.C. He is in good condition.D. He couldnt be worse.4. A. She is kidding.B. She will get a raise.C. The man will get a raise.D. The man will get a promotion.5. A. Her daug

6、hter likes ball games.B. Her daughter is an exciting child.C. She and her daughter are good friends.D. She and her daughter do nt always understand each other.6. A. She hurt her uncle.B. She hurt her ankle.C. She has a swollen toe.D. She needs a minor surgery.7. A. John likes gambling.8. John is ver

7、y fond of his new boss.9. John has ups and downs in the new company.10. John has a promising future in the new company.8. A. She will get some advice from the front desk.B. She will undergo some lab tests.C. She will arrange an appointment.D. She will get the test results.9. A. She s an odd characte

8、r.B. She is very picky.C. She is easy-going.D. She likes fashions.10. A. At a street corner.B. In a local shop.C. In a ward.D. In a clinic.11. A. Sea food.B. Dairy products.C. Vegetables and fruits.D. Heavy foods.12. A. He is having a good time.B. He very much likes his old bicycle.C. He will buy a

9、new bicycle right away.D. He would rather buy a new bicycle later.13. A. It is only a cough.B. It s a minor illness.C. It started two weeks ago.D. It s extremely serious.14. A. The woman is too optimistic about the stock market.B. The woman will even lose more money at the stock market.C. The stock

10、market bubble will continue to grow.D. The stock market bubble will soon meet its demise.15. A. The small pills should be taken once a day before sleep.B. The yellow pills should be taken once a day before supper.C. The white pills should be taken once a day before breakfast.D. The large round pills

11、 should be taken three times a day after meals.Section BDirection:In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, aftereach of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D, Choose the best answer and mark the letter of

12、 your choice on theANSWER SHEET .Dialogue16. A. Because he had difficulty swallowing it.B. Because it was upsetting his stomach.C. Because he was allergic to it.D. Because it was too expensive.17. A. He can t play soccer any more.B. He has a serious foot problem.C. He needs an operation.D. He has ca

13、ncer.18. A. A blood transfusion.B. An allergy test.C. A urine test.D. A biopsy.19. A. To see if he has cancer.B. To see if he has depression.C. To see if he requires surgery.D. To see if he has a food allergyproblem.20. A. Relieved.B. Anxious.C. Angry.D. Depressed.Passage One21. A. The cause of COPD

14、.B. Harmful effects of smoking.C. Men more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.D. Women more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.22. A. 954.B. 955.C. 1909.D. 1955.23. A. On May 18 in San Diego.B. On May 25 in San Diego.C. On May 18 in San Francisco.D. On May 25 in San Francisco.24. A. Wh

15、en smoking exposure is high.B. When smoking exposure is low.C. When the subjects received medication.D. When the subjects stopped smoking.25. A. Hormone differences in men and women.B. Genetic differences between men and women.C. Women s active metabolic rate.D. Women s smaller airways.Passage Two26

16、. A. About 90,000.B. About 100,000.C. Several hundreds.D. About 5,000.27. A. Warning from Goddard Space Flight Center.B. Warning from the Kenyan health ministry.C. Experience gained from the 1997 outbreak.D. Proper and prompt Aid from NASA.28. A. Distributing mosquito nets.B. Persuading people not t

17、o slaughter animals.C. Urging people not to eat animals.D. Dispatching doctors to the epidemic-stricken area.29. A. The higher surface temperatures in the equatorial part of the Indian Ocean.B. The short-lived mosquitoes that were the hosts of the viruses.C. The warm and dry weather in the Horn of A

18、frica.D. The heavy but intermittent rains.30. A. Warning from NASA.B. How to treat Rift Valley fever.C. The disastrous effects of Rift Valley fever.D. Satellites and global health remote diagnosis.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirection:In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four word

19、s or phrases,marked A B C and D .are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then mark your answer on theANSWER SHEET.31. A good nights sleep is believed to help slow the stomach s emptying, produce a smoother, less abrupt absorption of suga

20、r, and will better brainmetabolism.A. regulate B. activateC. retainD. consolidate32. The explosion and the oil spill below the surface of the Gulf of Mexico left my mind in such a that I couldn t get to sleep.A. catastrophe B. boycottC. turmoilD. mentality33. Coronary heart attacks occur more common

21、ly in those with high blood pressure, in the obese, in cigarette smokers, and in those to prolonged emotionaland mental strain.A. sympatheticB. ascribedC. preferableD. subjected34. Most colds are acquired by children in school and then to adults.A. conveyedB. transmittedC. attributedD. relayed35. Se

22、veral of the most populous nations in the world at the lower end ofthe table of real GDP per capita last year.A. fluctuated B. languished C. retardedD. vibrated36. Presently this kind of anti-depressant is still in clinical, even though the concept has been around since 1900s.A. trialsB. application

23、s C. implications D. endeavors37. Studies revealed that exposure to low-level radiation for a long time may weaken the immune system,aging, and cause cancer.A. haltB. postponeC. retardD. accelerate38. The mayor candidates personality traits, being modest and generous, people in his favor before the

24、election.A. predisposed B. presumed C. presidedD. pressured39. With its graceful movements and salubrious effects on health, Tai Chi has a strong to a vast multitude of people.A. flavorB. thrillC. appealD. implication40. If you are catching a train, it is always better to be early than even afractio

25、n of a minute too late.A. infinitely B. temporarily C. comfortably D. favorablySection BDirections: Each of the following sentenceshas a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence, Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentenc

26、e if it is substituted for the underlined part, Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET .41. All Nobel Prize winners success is a process of long-term accumulation, in which lasting efforts are indispensable.A. irresistible B. cherished C. inseparable D. requisite42. The Queens presence imparted an air

27、 of elegance to the drinks reception at Buckingham Palace in London.A. bestowed B. exhibitedC. imposedD. emitted43. Physicians are clear that thyroid dysfunction is manifest in growing children in the form of mental and physical retardation.A. intensified B. apparentC. representative D. insidious44.

28、 The mechanism that the eye can accommodate itself to different distances has been applied to automatic camera, which marks a revolutionary technique advance.A. yieldB. amplifyC. adaptD. cast45. Differences among believers are common; however, it was the pressure of religious persecution that exacer

29、batedtheir conflicts and created the split of the union.A. eradicatedB. deteriorated C. vanquished D. averted46. When Picasso was particularly poor, he might have tried to obliterate the original composition by painting over it on canvases.A. duplicateB. eliminateC. substitute D. compile47. For the

30、sake of animal protection, environmentalists deplored the construction program of a nuclear power station.A. disapprovedB. despised C. demolished D. decomposed48. Political figures in particular are held to very strict standards of marital fidelity.A. loyaltyB. moralityC. qualityD. stability49. The

31、patient complained that his doctor had been negligent in not giving him a full examination.A. prudentB. ardentC. carelessD. brutal50. She has been handling all the complaints without wrath for a whole morning.A. furyB. chaosC. despairD. agonyPart III Cloze (10%)Directions:In this section there is a

32、passage with ten numbered blanks. For eachblank, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D on the right side. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET .For years, scientists have been warning us that the radiation from mobile phones is detrimental to our healt

33、h, without actually having any evidence to back these _51_ up. However, research now suggests that mobile phone radiation has at least one positive side effect: it can help prevent Alzheimer s, _52_ in the mice that acted as test subjects.Its been suspected, though never proven, that heavy use of mo

34、bile phones is bad for your health.It s thought that walking around with a cellphone permanently attached to the side of your head is almost sure to be _53_ your brain. And that may well be true, but I d rather wait until it s proven before giving up that part of my daily life.But what has now been

35、proven, in a very perfunctory manner, is that mobile phone radiation can have an effect on your brain. _54_ in this case it was a positive rather than negative effect.According to BBC news, the Florida Alzheimer s Disease Research Center conducted a study on 96 mice to see if the radiation given off

36、 by mobile phones could affect the onset of Alzheimer s.Some of the mice were “genetically altered to develop beta-amyloid plaques in their brains” _55_ they aged. These are a marker of Alzheimer s. all 96 mice were then “exposed to the electro-magnetic _56_ generated by a standard phone for two one

37、-hour periods each day for seven to nine months. ” The lucky things._57_ the experiment showed that the mice altered to be predisposed to dementia were protected from the disease if exposed before the onset of the illness. Their cognitive abilities were so unimpaired as to be virtually _58_ to the m

38、ice not genetically altered in any way.Unfortunately, although the results are positive, the scientists don t actually know why exposure to mobile phone radiation has this effect. But it s hoped that further study and testing could result in a non-invasive _59_ for preventing and treating Alzheimer

39、s disease.Autopsies carried out on the mice also concluded no ill-effects of their exposure to the radiation.However, the fact that the radiation prevented Alzheimers means mobile phones _60_ our brainsand bodies in ways not yet explored. And it s sure there are negative as well as this one positive

40、.51. A. devicesB. risksC. phenomenaD. claims52. A. at leastB. at mostC. as ifD. as well53. A. blockingB. cookingC. exhaustingD. cooling54. A. ExceptB. EvenC. DespiteD. Besides55. A. untilB. whenC. asD. unless56. A. rangeB. continuumC. spectrumD. field57. A. ReasonablyB. ConsequentlyC. AmazinglyD. Un

41、doubtedly58. A. identicalB. beneficialC. preferableD. susceptible59. A. effortB. methodC. huntD. account60. A. do affectB. did affectC. is affectingD. could have affectedPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions:In this part there are six passages,each of which is followed by fivequestions. For

42、each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET .Passage oneI have just returned from Mexico, where I visited a factory making medical masks. Faced with fierce competition, the owner has cut his costs

43、by outsourcing some of his production. Scores of people work for him in their homes, threading elastic into masks by hand. They are paid below the minimum wage, with no job security and no healthcare provision.Users of medical masks and other laboratory gear probably give little thought to where the

44、ir equipment comes from. That needs to change. A significant proportion of these products are made in the developing world by low-paid people with inadequate labor rights. This leads to human misery on a tremendous scale.Take lab coats. Many are made in India, where most cotton farmers are paid an u

45、nfair price for their crops and factory employees work illegal hours for poor pay.One-fifth of the world s surgical instruments are made in northern Pakistan. When I visited the area a couple of years ago I found most workers toiling 12 hours a day, seven days a week, for less than a dollar a day, e

46、xposed to noise, metal dust and toxic chemicals. Thousands of children, some as young as 7, work in the industry.To win international contracts, factory owners must offer rock-bottom prices, and consequently drive down wages and labor conditions as far as they can. We laboratory scientists in the de

47、veloped world may unwittingly be encouraging this: we ask how much our equipment will cost, but which of us asks who made it and how much they were paid?This is no small matter. Science is supposed to benefit humanity, but because of the conditions under which their tools are made, may scientists ma

48、y actually be causing harm.What can be done? A knee-jerk boycott of unethical goods is not the answer; it would just make things worse for workers in those manufacturing zones. What we need is to start asking suppliers to be transparent about where and how their products are manufactured and urge th

49、em to improve their manufacturing practices.It can be done. Many universities are committed to fair trade in the form of ethically sourced tea, coffee or bananas. That model should be extended to laboratory goods.There are signs that things are moving. Over the past few years I have worked with heal

50、th services in the UK and in Sweden. Both have recently instituted ethical procurement practices. If science is truly going to help humanity, it needs to follow suit.61. From the medical masks to lab coats, the author is trying to tell us .A. the practice of occupational protection in the developing

51、 worldB. the developing countries plagued by poverty and disease.C. the cheapest labor in the developing countries.D. the human misery behind them.62. The concerning phenomenon the author has observed, according to the passage,A. is nothing but the repetition of the miserable history.B. could have b

52、een even exaggerated.C. is unfamiliar to the wealthy west.D. is prevailing across the world.63. The author argues that when researchers in the wealthy west buy the tools of their trade, they should .A. have the same concern with the developing countries.B. be blind to their sources for the sake of h

53、umanityC. pursue good bargains in the international market.D. spare a thought for how they were made.64. A proper course of action suggested by the author is .A. to refuse to import the unethical goods from the developing world.B. to ask scientists to tell the truth as the prime value of their work.

54、C. to urge the manufacturers to address the immoral issues.D. to improve the transparency of international contracts.65. By saying at the end of the passage that if science is truly going to help humanity, it needs to follow suit, the author means that .A. the scientific community should stand up fo

55、r all humanityB. the prime value of scientists work is to tell the truth.C. laboratory goods also need to be ethically sourced.D. because of science, there is hope for humanity.Passage twoA little information is a dangerous thing. A lot of information, if its inaccurate orconfusing, even more so. Th

56、is is a problem for anyone trying to spend or invest in anenvironmentally sustainable way. Investors are barraged with indexes purporting to describe companies eco-credentials, some of dubious quality. Green labels on consumer products are ubiquitous, but their claims are hard to verify.The confusio

57、n is evident form New Scientist s analysis of whether public perceptions of companies green credentials reflect reality. It shows that many companies considered“ green” have done little to earn that reputation, while others do not get sufficient credit for their efforts to reduce their environmental impact. Obtaining better information is crucial, because decisions by consumers and big investors will help propel us towards a green economy.At present, it is too easy to make unverified claims. Take disclosure of g