初中英語(yǔ)詞性講解ppt課件

1、 1 名詞名詞 noun 2 代詞代詞 pronoun 3 形容詞形容詞 adjective 4 副詞副詞 adverb 5 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 verb 6 數(shù)詞數(shù)詞 numeral 7 冠詞冠詞 article 8 介詞介詞 preposition 9 conjunction 10 感嘆詞感嘆詞 interjection 概念：概念： 是表示人，事物，抽象概念等名稱的詞。是表示人，事物，抽象概念等名稱的詞。根據(jù)詞匯意義，名詞可劃分為：根據(jù)詞匯意義，名詞可劃分為： 專有名詞和普通名詞專有名詞和普通名詞指表示人、地方、指表示人、地方、 機(jī)構(gòu)、組織等的專有名稱。專有名詞中實(shí)詞的第一個(gè)字母要大寫。機(jī)構(gòu)、組織

2、等的專有名稱。專有名詞中實(shí)詞的第一個(gè)字母要大寫。具體說(shuō)來(lái)它包括人名、國(guó)家、地名、月份、星期、節(jié)日、書名、電影名以及某些抽象名詞等。具體說(shuō)來(lái)它包括人名、國(guó)家、地名、月份、星期、節(jié)日、書名、電影名以及某些抽象名詞等。 Tony 托尼托尼 Japan 日本日本 Mr. Black 布萊克先生布萊克先生 August 八月八月 Monday 星期一星期一 the Great Wall 長(zhǎng)城長(zhǎng)城 Christmas 圣誕節(jié)圣誕節(jié) English 英語(yǔ)英語(yǔ) A Tale of Two Cities 雙城記雙城記普通名詞：普通名詞：表示一類人、東西、抽象概念的名詞。例如：表示一類人、東西、抽象概念的名詞。例

3、如：表一類人：表一類人：pupil, police, woman, boy，father;表物：表物：box, tree, orange, water, computer；表抽象：表抽象：happiness, trouble, pleasure, love, life, etc.(1) 個(gè)體名詞。如：個(gè)體名詞。如：cup, desk, student等。一般可數(shù)，有單復(fù)數(shù)形式。等。一般可數(shù)，有單復(fù)數(shù)形式。 (2) 集體名詞。如：集體名詞。如：class, team, family等。一般可數(shù)，有單復(fù)數(shù)形式等。一般可數(shù)，有單復(fù)數(shù)形式 (3) 物質(zhì)名詞。如：物質(zhì)名詞。如：rice, water,

4、cotton等。一般不可數(shù)，沒(méi)有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。等。一般不可數(shù)，沒(méi)有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。 (4) 抽象名詞。如：抽象名詞。如：love, work, life等。一般不可數(shù)，沒(méi)有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。等。一般不可數(shù)，沒(méi)有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。規(guī)則變化：規(guī)則變化： 一般情況詞尾加一般情況詞尾加s。如：。如：map maps, boy boys, horse horses, table tables. （在清輔音后讀（在清輔音后讀/s/，在濁輔音和元音后讀，在濁輔音和元音后讀/z/） s, x ,sh, ch結(jié)尾的詞加結(jié)尾的詞加es.如：如： class classes, box boxes, dish dishes, matc

5、h matches.讀讀/iz/規(guī)則變化：規(guī)則變化：以輔音字母以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞結(jié)尾的名詞,變變y為為i,再加再加es。 如：如：family families, city cities, baby babies. 以元音字母以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞，直接詞尾加結(jié)尾的名詞，直接詞尾加s。 如：如：toy toys, holiday holidays以以f或或fe結(jié)尾的名詞結(jié)尾的名詞,變變f或或fe為為v,再加再加es。 如：如：shelf shelves, wolf wolves, life lives, knife knives, wife wives, leaf leaves, th

6、ief thieves.例外：例外：roof roofs規(guī)則變化：規(guī)則變化：以輔音字母以輔音字母+o結(jié)尾的名詞結(jié)尾的名詞, 詞尾加詞尾加es； 如如: tomato tomatoes potato potatoes hero heroes 以元音字母以元音字母+o結(jié)尾的名詞，直接詞尾加結(jié)尾的名詞，直接詞尾加s。 如如: piano pianos photo photos radio radios zoo zoos 有些名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：有些名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： child-children mouse-mice man men woman women 婦女婦女 tooth

7、 teeth foot feet 有些名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。例如；有些名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。例如； deer, sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese, people, yuan 但除人民幣的元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但除人民幣的元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式，a dollar, two dollars注意：注意：一些以一些以man，woman結(jié)尾的合成詞，在構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，與結(jié)尾的合成詞，在構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，與man，woman的變化形的變化形式相同。式相同。 如：如：policeman policemen, Englishman English

8、men, Frenchman Frenchmen. 中日不變 英法變 其余s加后面名稱名稱總稱總稱(謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù))一個(gè)人一個(gè)人兩個(gè)人兩個(gè)人中國(guó)人中國(guó)人the Chinesea Chinesetwo Chinese瑞士人瑞士人the Swissa Swisstwo Swiss澳大利亞人澳大利亞人the Australiansan Australiantwo Australians俄國(guó)人俄國(guó)人the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians意大利人意大利人the Italiansan Italiantwo Italians希臘人希臘人the Greeka Greektwo

9、 Greeks法國(guó)人法國(guó)人the Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen日本人日本人the Japanesea Japanesetwo Japanese美國(guó)人美國(guó)人the Americansan Americantwo Americans印度人印度人the Indiansan Indiantwo Indians加拿大人加拿大人the Canadiansa Canadiantwo Canadians德國(guó)人德國(guó)人the Germansa Germantwo Germans英國(guó)人英國(guó)人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen瑞典人瑞典人the

10、 Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes英語(yǔ)不可數(shù)名詞英語(yǔ)不可數(shù)名詞 不可數(shù)名詞一般沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式不可數(shù)名詞一般沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,說(shuō)明其數(shù)量時(shí)說(shuō)明其數(shù)量時(shí),要用有關(guān)計(jì)量名詞。要用有關(guān)計(jì)量名詞。如：如：a bag of rice two bags of rice, a piece of paper three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk five bottles of milk. 1.不以不以s結(jié)尾的名詞所有格：結(jié)尾的名詞所有格：the boys bag, mens room 2.以以-s結(jié)尾的名詞所有格：結(jié)尾的名詞所有格：Teachers Day3.

11、職業(yè)名詞、稱呼名詞的所有格表地點(diǎn)職業(yè)名詞、稱呼名詞的所有格表地點(diǎn) the barbers, Mr Greens, the doctors（office），），my uncles（house）4.并列名詞不共有并列名詞不共有:Johns and Marys rooms（兩間）（兩間） 并列名詞共有并列名詞共有:John and Marys room5.時(shí)間、距離、地點(diǎn)時(shí)間、距離、地點(diǎn) five minutes walk；ten meters long； the worlds population6.抽象名詞后用抽象名詞后用“of+賓格賓格”作定語(yǔ)；作定語(yǔ)； the music of the fi

12、lm ；the help of him (Lucy) ； the development of China；the door of the house7.多重所有格突出局部多重所有格突出局部 a friend of Lucys mothers ； two classmates of my sisters 8.“of+賓格賓格”與與“of+所有格所有格”含意不同含意不同: the photo of my father 我爸爸的肖像我爸爸的肖像 the photo of mine我（所有的）照片我（所有的）照片 概念：概念： 數(shù)詞就是表示事物的數(shù)量和順序的詞，分基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種。數(shù)詞就是表示事物

13、的數(shù)量和順序的詞，分基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種。 表示數(shù)目或數(shù)量多少的詞叫基數(shù)詞，如：表示數(shù)目或數(shù)量多少的詞叫基數(shù)詞，如：one，ten, fifteen 等；等； 表示數(shù)目順序的詞叫序數(shù)詞，如：表示數(shù)目順序的詞叫序數(shù)詞，如：fifth, second, twelfth等。等。 基數(shù)詞的用法：基數(shù)詞的用法： （1）幾十幾的基數(shù)詞的十位數(shù)與個(gè)位數(shù)之間要用連字符）幾十幾的基數(shù)詞的十位數(shù)與個(gè)位數(shù)之間要用連字符“-”連接。如：連接。如： eighty-five 85 twenty-six 26 （2）三位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞須在百位和十位（若無(wú)十位則和個(gè)位）之間用）三位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞須在百位和十位（若無(wú)十位則和個(gè)位）之間用

14、and連接。如：連接。如： three hundred and sixty-five 365 two hundred and six 206 （3）基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。）基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 表示具體數(shù)目表示具體數(shù)目,hundred, thousand, million不用復(fù)數(shù)不用復(fù)數(shù) 表示不確定數(shù)目表示不確定數(shù)目,用復(fù)數(shù)。即用復(fù)數(shù)。即hundreds of(數(shù)百數(shù)百), thousands of(數(shù)千數(shù)千), millions of(數(shù)百萬(wàn)數(shù)百萬(wàn))+ 名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù), 可以用可以用many/several修飾，但不能與具體數(shù)目連用。修飾，但不能與具體數(shù)目連用。 1) Our country h

15、as a population of 1,300 million people. 2) There are three thousand students in our school. 3) After the war, thousands of people became homeless. 4) Several / Many thousands of trees must be planted every year.（4）“幾十幾十”的復(fù)數(shù)形式可以表示：的復(fù)數(shù)形式可以表示： 幾十多歲幾十多歲 - in + ones + 數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù) 年年 代代 - in + the +數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)

16、 in the 1990s 20世紀(jì)90年代 in ones twenties 在某人20多歲時(shí) eg. He died in his forties四十多歲 In the nineties, most people go to work by bike. 90年代（5）“基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞+名詞名詞” 的合成形容詞作定語(yǔ)，的合成形容詞作定語(yǔ)， 中間有連字符中間有連字符“”,當(dāng)中的名詞用單數(shù)。當(dāng)中的名詞用單數(shù)。 a 3 year old girl a seven-day holiday （6）表計(jì)量表計(jì)量- “基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞+度量單位度量單位+形容詞形容詞” eg. The classroom is

17、7 meters long, 6 meters wide and 3 meters high.序數(shù)詞的用法序數(shù)詞的用法:(1)序數(shù)詞作定語(yǔ)，前面要加序數(shù)詞作定語(yǔ)，前面要加the； The first truck is carrying a food basket John lives on the fifteenth floor She is my first English teacher.(2)有時(shí)加有時(shí)加a/an，“再一再一”，“又一又一” 的意思的意思 ;Well have to do it a second time Shall I ask him a third time？ Whe

18、n I sat down，a fourth man rose to speakThey had a second child in 1988. 編號(hào)在前，名詞在后，用序數(shù)詞，前面有編號(hào)在前，名詞在后，用序數(shù)詞，前面有the編號(hào)在后，名詞在前，用基數(shù)詞，注意首字母大寫編號(hào)在后，名詞在前，用基數(shù)詞，注意首字母大寫房間號(hào)碼和電話號(hào)碼要一個(gè)一個(gè)分別讀房間號(hào)碼和電話號(hào)碼要一個(gè)一個(gè)分別讀第一課第一課第第32頁(yè)頁(yè)第第305房間房間第第12路公共汽車路公共汽車the First Lesson Lesson One the thirty-second page Page Thirty-twoRoom 305Bu

19、s No.121、編號(hào)表示法、編號(hào)表示法2.分?jǐn)?shù)表示法分?jǐn)?shù)表示法分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。分子大于分子大于1 1時(shí)，分母加時(shí)，分母加-s-s。1/4 one-fourth a (one) quarter3/4 three-fourths three quarters 2/3 two-thirds 1/2 a (one) half 半年 half a year 半小時(shí) half an hour一年半 one and a half years one year and a half分?jǐn)?shù)修飾名詞時(shí)，后用of短語(yǔ)。如：1/3 one third of teachers 3

20、/7 three sevenths of the boys3.年份、日期、時(shí)刻表達(dá)法年份、日期、時(shí)刻表達(dá)法年用基數(shù)詞表示年用基數(shù)詞表示,兩位一讀兩位一讀,介詞用介詞用in日用序數(shù)詞表示日用序數(shù)詞表示,介詞用介詞用on1999 nineteen ninety-nine two thousand and eight19491949年年10 10月月1 1日日 讀作讀作: : October (the) first, nineteen forty-nine (月月-日，年日，年) the first of October, nineteen forty-nine（日（日-月，年）月，年）寫作寫作:

21、October 1st,1999(日用縮寫，月日用縮寫，月-日日-年年) October 1, 1999 (日用數(shù)字日用數(shù)字) 1st October, 1999 日日-月，年月，年How many people will come to Beijing next year?Its hard to say, _ people, I lion of B. millions ofC. three millions D. three millions ofAbout _ students in our class can describe that place in English

22、. A. three-fifths B. three-fifth C. third-five D. third-fifthsBAWhich of the following is wrong? _. A. He is a fifteen-year-old boy. B. He is at the age of 15. C. He is a boy of 15. D. He is fifteen year old. There was no bus in that small town. We had a _. A. ten miles walk B. ten-mile walk C. ten

23、miles walk D. tenth mile walk DBWe have known each other for _. A. a year and half B. a year with half C. a year and a half D. a year with a half “Whats the date today?” “Its _.”A. the fourth of may B. the fourth May C. May four D. May the fourth CD概念：冠詞是經(jīng)常加在名詞前面的一個(gè)輔助詞，限制名詞的意義。概念：冠詞是經(jīng)常加在名詞前面的一個(gè)輔助詞，限

24、制名詞的意義。冠詞在句子中不能單獨(dú)作一個(gè)成分，是虛詞。冠詞在句子中不能單獨(dú)作一個(gè)成分，是虛詞。冠詞的范圍：冠詞的范圍：a、an、the 不定冠詞不定冠詞a 、an1、泛指某一類人或事物中的一個(gè)或一類。、泛指某一類人或事物中的一個(gè)或一類。 eg: An elephant is much heavier than a horse. His father is a taxi driver.2、用于序數(shù)詞前，表示、用于序數(shù)詞前，表示“又一，再一又一，再一”。 eg: I have read the books twice, but I want to read a third time.3、a / a

25、n 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 a 用在輔音音素開頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或字母前，用在輔音音素開頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或字母前，an 用在元音音素開頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或字母前。用在元音音素開頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或字母前。特殊詞：特殊詞： a usual boy ; a useful book ; a university ; a one leg dog an honest boy ; an hour ; an honor an “a , e , i , o , f, h , l , m , n , r , s , x ”ExerciseI have _ apple. He has _orange .This is _ egg

26、.Jim is _ honest boy and he is _ university student .4. Do you have _ computer ?5. There is _ car in front of the house. English is _ useful language. He is _ unhappy boy. My father will come back in _ hour . There is _ beautiful flower. There is _ “u” and _ “s” in the word “use” Please take _ seat

27、and have _ rest an ananan aaaaananaa an a a4. 第一次提到某人或某物而非特指時(shí)。第一次提到某人或某物而非特指時(shí)。 eg：There is a book on the desk, but the book isnt mine.5. 用于表時(shí)間、速度、價(jià)格等意義的名詞之前，有用于表時(shí)間、速度、價(jià)格等意義的名詞之前，有“每一每一”的意思，相當(dāng)于的意思，相當(dāng)于every。 eg： three times a week; half an hour 6. 某些固定短語(yǔ)與不定冠詞有搭配關(guān)系。某些固定短語(yǔ)與不定冠詞有搭配關(guān)系。 eg：have a good time

28、; a few; get a cold ; pay a visit ; take a seat; make a living 定冠詞定冠詞 the的用法的用法 1.定冠詞定冠詞the, 用來(lái)特指某人或某物，用來(lái)特指某人或某物， 雙方都知道的人或物的名詞雙方都知道的人或物的名詞前，前， 或用于第二次提到的某人或某物?；蛴糜诘诙翁岬降哪橙嘶蚰澄?。 Is this the book that you are looking for?2.表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物的名詞前表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物的名詞前 The sun is bigger than the moon.3.用在序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)前用在

29、序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)前 the youngest / the most beautiful / the first (second, third, fourth) March is the third month of a year. He is the cleverest boy in his class.4.用在某些形容詞或單數(shù)名詞前，用在某些形容詞或單數(shù)名詞前， 表示一類人或事物。如：表示一類人或事物。如： the rich; the poor; the young; the old Do you know who invented the computer? The cat, is l

30、iked by many people.5.用在表示山脈、海洋、江河、湖泊、群島、建筑物、名勝古跡等專有名詞前。如：用在表示山脈、海洋、江河、湖泊、群島、建筑物、名勝古跡等專有名詞前。如： the Yellow River; the Great Wall; the West Lake; the White House 6. 用在西洋樂(lè)器前用在西洋樂(lè)器前 play the piano / the guitar / the violin 8. 用在方位名詞前用在方位名詞前 或習(xí)慣用法或習(xí)慣用法 in the south / on the right / in the day / in the en

31、d7. The +姓的復(fù)數(shù)姓的復(fù)數(shù) 表示一家人表示一家人 The Smiths / the Greens _ earth goes round _ sun.Jim is _ tallest and _ most interesting 3. _man over there is my teacher.4. There is _ orange on the table . _ orange is mine .5. I live on _ twelfth floor.6. _ Great Wall is _oldest building.7. I have _aunt . _ aunt is _

32、doctor.8. In this exam ,he is _ second.Jim is _ boy . He is _ American boy._Yellow River is one of _ longest rivers. Beijing is in _ north of ChinaThe thethe theThe an Thethe The thean The athea anThe the the 不用冠詞的情況不用冠詞的情況 (1)有些專有名詞、抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前一般不用冠詞。 如： China; Japanese; milk; love等。 (2)名詞前已有作定語(yǔ)用的th

33、is, that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every等代詞時(shí)，不用冠詞 如：This is my ruler. (3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時(shí)， 不用冠詞。 如：They are teachers. (4) 表示頭銜和職務(wù)的名詞前也不加冠詞。 如： Bush was made president of the US.(5)一日三餐、球類活動(dòng)、學(xué)科名詞前。 I have lunch at home. He often plays soccer after class. Maths is hard to learn.(6)在節(jié)日、星期、月份、

34、季節(jié)等名詞前。如： Teachers Day; Mothers Day; on Monday; in May; in summer等。(7)在與by連用的交通工具名稱前不加冠詞 by car, by bus, by train (但take a bus, in a boat, on the bike前要加冠詞)(8)在某些固定搭配里， 名詞之前常不用冠詞。如： on foot; at home; at night; go to school; from morning till night等。7、 固定搭配固定搭配 at first at last at noon at home 首先首先 最

35、后最后 在中午在中午 在家在家 on foot in bed in hospital go to school 步行步行 躺在床上躺在床上 住院住院 上學(xué)上學(xué)1. Do you like playing _ soccer ?2. I usually have _ milk for _breakfast 3. We will go to the park on _ Monday .4. My uncle lives in _America now .5. Leaves turn yellow in _ autumn.6. We can go swimming on _Sunday in _sum

36、mer.7. March 8th is _ Womens Day.8. His father is ill in _ hospital . / / / / / / / / / /.單項(xiàng)選擇( )1. English is _ international language. A. a B. an C/ D. the ( )2. Look at _ skirt. I bought it for mother on Mothers Day, isnt it nice? Oh, what _ nice present！ A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a Da; 不填( )3. D

37、o you enjoy your stay in Hangzhou? Yes. Ive had _ wonderful time. A. / B. a C. the D. anBCB( )4. We usually go to _ school on weekdays, and sometimes go to _ cinema at weekends. A. 不填；the B. the; the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填 解析：考查冠詞。解析：考查冠詞。go to school 固定用法固定用法, go to a/the cinema 也是固定用法，也是固定用法，a/the ci

38、nema 表示一類事物。表示一類事物。A( )5. Lets have _ break; I want to make _ telephone call. A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the A( )6. _ are planning to go on vacation. A. Blacks B. A Blacks C. The Blacks D. The Blacks 解析：考查冠詞。解析：考查冠詞。the加姓的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示加姓的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示“一家人一家人”。D( )7.Do you enjoy your stay in Hangzhou? Yes

39、. Ive had _ wonderful time. A. / B. a C. the D. an 解析：本題考查固定短語(yǔ)與不定冠詞搭配的關(guān)系。解析：本題考查固定短語(yǔ)與不定冠詞搭配的關(guān)系。have a wonderful time玩的高興。玩的高興。故選故選B B1. Mr Wang has worked as _English teacher for more than 10 years. A. / B. a C. an D. the 2 How long does it take us to go to your hometown from here? It takes us _ hou

40、r or more to go to my hometown by_ train. A. an; a B. a ; an C. an; / D. a; / 3 What _ useful book it is! Yeah, it tells you how to play guitar. A. an； the B. a； a C. a； the D. an； a 4、.Susan joined an art club at age of six and paints well. A. the B. an C.a 5、My uncle is _ engineer. He works very h

41、ard. A. the B. a C. an Exercises: 概念：介詞（虛詞），不能在句子中獨(dú)立充當(dāng)成分。它總是用于名詞、代詞、或相概念：介詞（虛詞），不能在句子中獨(dú)立充當(dāng)成分。它總是用于名詞、代詞、或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞類當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞類或短語(yǔ)從句前?；蚨陶Z(yǔ)從句前。 中考需要掌握的中考需要掌握的11個(gè)介詞：個(gè)介詞：in、on、at、to、from、by、with、for、about、after、before Marchspringthe morningthe future7：30nightthe age of 19first/lastthe momentMondayMarch 5Ma

42、rch 5th,2010Monday morningholidayinonat Prepositions of time 時(shí)間介詞時(shí)間介詞一一. . 時(shí)間介詞時(shí)間介詞today/one night / this month / that summer / last year / next week / the day before yesterday / the week after next 再下一周再下一周There was a football match yesterday evening. 昨天晚上有一場(chǎng)足球賽。昨天晚上有一場(chǎng)足球賽。They will go to the zoo t

43、omorrow. 明天他們將要去動(dòng)物園。明天他們將要去動(dòng)物園。由由one / this / that / last / next等修飾的表示時(shí)間的詞組等修飾的表示時(shí)間的詞組前不需要用介詞。前不需要用介詞。Ill visit my grandparents this week. 這一周我要去看望我的祖父母。這一周我要去看望我的祖父母。 Please come to school earlier next time. 下次請(qǐng)?jiān)琰c(diǎn)來(lái)學(xué)校。下次請(qǐng)?jiān)琰c(diǎn)來(lái)學(xué)校。 1.My uncle live _ F12 _the fifth floor. A. at, on B. in, on C. on, at2.T

44、hey arrived _Beijing at 12:00 and waited for a bus _ the station to the hotel. A. at, in B. in, on C. in, at二二. . 地點(diǎn)介詞地點(diǎn)介詞 on 在在的上面的上面,與表面接觸與表面接觸 over 在在的正上方的正上方,不接觸表面不接觸表面 under 在在下面下面(是是on, over的反義詞的反義詞) above 在在上方上方, below 在在下方下方, 是是above的反義詞的反義詞1.Look! There is a bridge _the river. A. on B. over

45、 C. above2.Can you see the egg _ the plate? A. on B. in C. overin front of 是在物體外部的前面是在物體外部的前面 例如例如: 教室前有個(gè)花園。教室前有個(gè)花園。 e.g. There is a garden in front of the classroom.in the front of 是在物體內(nèi)部的前面是在物體內(nèi)部的前面 例如例如: 教室前有張桌子。教室前有張桌子。 e.g. There is a desk in the front of the classroom.at一般指小地方；一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或

46、某個(gè)范圍內(nèi)。一般指大地方或某個(gè)范圍內(nèi)。 over, above和和on均表示均表示“在在上面上面”, ,over反義詞是反義詞是under; above反義詞是反義詞是below; on指兩個(gè)指兩個(gè)物體表面有接觸。物體表面有接觸。 in front of 表示表示“在在前面前面”, , 其反義詞是其反義詞是behind; ; in the middle of 表示表示“在在的中間的中間” 。between表示在表示在兩者之間兩者之間, , among表示表示“在在中中”數(shù)目為三者或三者以上數(shù)目為三者或三者以上, , around表示圍繞在四表示圍繞在四周。周。 beside表示表示“在在旁邊旁

47、邊”, , inside表示表示“在在內(nèi)內(nèi)”, , outside表示表示“在在外外” 。 near/by/next to表示表示“在在旁邊旁邊” 。 opposite表示表示“在在對(duì)面對(duì)面” 。 三三. .方位介詞方位介詞 in 在某范圍之內(nèi)在某范圍之內(nèi) to 在某范圍之外在某范圍之外 on 與某地相鄰、接壤與某地相鄰、接壤 1. China lies _the east of Asia and _the north of Australia. A. in, on B. in ,to C. to, in 2. Mongolia is _the north of China. A. in B.

48、 on C. tothroughacrossoverround橫穿橫穿從內(nèi)部穿過(guò)從內(nèi)部穿過(guò) cross 表面穿過(guò)表面穿過(guò) through 中間穿過(guò)中間穿過(guò) 1.The sunshine come into the room _ the window. A. across B. through C. past 2.You can go _ the road here. A. across B. through C. past 3.Can you swim _ the river. A. across B. through C. past四、四、表方式、方法、手段表方式、方法、手段in 用材料、語(yǔ)

49、言用材料、語(yǔ)言with 用工具、某物用工具、某物by 用方式、方法、手段用方式、方法、手段1.My mother often go to work _ bike. A. in B. on C. by2.The teacher is writing on the paper _ red ink and the blackboard _a piece of chalk. A. with, with B. in ,with C. with ,in3.Can you say it _ English? A. in B. with C. by 四、四、整體與部分介詞整體與部分介詞Why did you

50、all go swimming Tom?Because he was ill at home. A. with B. besides C. beside D. except常見(jiàn)的介詞搭配常見(jiàn)的介詞搭配Its very nice of you to help me.Its very good for you to do exercise.the answer (key) to the question (lock)be famous forbe famous asbe made of be made fromon timein time介詞和動(dòng)詞的固定搭配介詞和動(dòng)詞的固定搭配look at (看

51、看) look for(找找)look after(照顧照顧) look over(檢查檢查)look out of (朝朝外面看外面看) look (a)round(環(huán)視環(huán)視)arrive in大地方大地方(到達(dá)到達(dá))arrive at小地方小地方(到達(dá)到達(dá))hear of (聽說(shuō)聽說(shuō))hear from(收到收到的來(lái)信的來(lái)信)spend錢錢on sth. (花錢做某事花錢做某事)spend時(shí)間時(shí)間(in) doing sth. (花時(shí)間做某事花時(shí)間做某事)ask for (要求要求)leave for (動(dòng)身去動(dòng)身去)send for (派人去請(qǐng)派人去請(qǐng))pay for (付錢付錢)wai

52、t for (等待等待)agree with sb (同意某人同意某人)begin with (以以開始開始)help with (在在方面幫助方面幫助)catch up with (趕上趕上)get on/along with (與與相處相處)make friends with (與與交朋友交朋友)listen to (聽聽)come from (來(lái)自來(lái)自)fall off (從從上摔下上摔下)try out (試驗(yàn)試驗(yàn))knock at/on (敲敲)prefer.to. (比起比起來(lái)還是來(lái)還是好好)learn by oneself (自學(xué)自學(xué))take care of (照顧照顧)sto

53、p.(from) doing (阻止阻止做做)help oneself to食物食物 (隨便吃隨便吃)get to (到達(dá)到達(dá))Thanks to (多虧，由于多虧，由于)be good at (在在方面好方面好)be weak in (在在方面差方面差)be good for (對(duì)對(duì)有好處有好處)be bad for (對(duì)對(duì)有壞處有壞處)be late for (遲到遲到)be sorry for (為為遺憾，抱歉遺憾，抱歉)be full of (充滿充滿)be busy with (忙于忙于)be angry with (對(duì)某人生氣對(duì)某人生氣)be afraid of (害怕害怕)be

54、interested in (對(duì)對(duì)感興趣感興趣)be different from (與與不同不同)be strict with sb. in sth.(在某事上對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格在某事上對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格)be fond of (喜愛(ài)喜愛(ài))1.1.害怕害怕2.2.對(duì)對(duì)驚訝驚訝3.3.生氣生氣4.4.對(duì)對(duì)興奮興奮5.5.對(duì)對(duì)滿意滿意6.6.以以著名著名7.7.充滿了充滿了8.8.擅長(zhǎng)擅長(zhǎng)9.9.對(duì)對(duì)感興趣感興趣10.10.遲到遲到11.11.與與不同不同 be afraid of be amazed at be angry with be excited about be pleased with be fa

55、mous for be filled with be good at be interested in be late for be different from ( )1.There is a good play_TV this evening. A. on B. by C. in ( )2. How far is it _ Guangzhou_Beijing? A. fromto B. fromfor C. awayto( )3. Japan lies _the east of China. A. to B. in C. on( )4. Mr. Brown has gone to Cana

56、da. He will be back _two weeks. A. for B. after C. in（廣東）（廣東）( )5. A: What time did you get there this morning? B: _ eight. A. In B. At C. OnAAACB( )7. A:When did your uncle arrive _ China? B: He got to Guangzhou_the morning of the 16th of April. A. in, on B. in, in C. at, on( )8. Hawaii is famous _

57、its beautiful beaches. A. in B. for C. with( )9. Dont be angry with_. He is only a child. A. he B. his C. him( )10. We must stop children from_with fire. A. play B. played C. playingCABCC人稱代詞人稱代詞 物主代詞物主代詞反身代詞反身代詞指示代詞指示代詞不定代詞不定代詞人稱人稱單復(fù)數(shù)單復(fù)數(shù)主主 格格賓賓 格格形容詞性形容詞性物主代詞物主代詞名詞性名詞性物主代詞物主代詞反身代詞反身代詞第一第一人稱人稱單單 數(shù)數(shù)I

58、memyminemyself復(fù)復(fù) 數(shù)數(shù)weusouroursourselves第二第二人稱人稱單單 數(shù)數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourself復(fù)復(fù) 數(shù)數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourselves第三第三人稱人稱單單 數(shù)數(shù)hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself復(fù)復(fù) 數(shù)數(shù)theythemtheirtheirsthemselves用作句子的主語(yǔ)，放在動(dòng)詞前（疑問(wèn)句式放在特殊動(dòng)詞后）；用作句子的主語(yǔ)，放在動(dòng)詞前（疑問(wèn)句式放在特殊動(dòng)詞后）；eg. She lives in Toronto, Canada. Does h

59、e speak English?用作句子的賓語(yǔ)，放在動(dòng)詞或介詞后；用作句子的賓語(yǔ)，放在動(dòng)詞或介詞后；eg. Yesterday my mother bought me a new bike. I usually go to movies with her on weekends.用作句子的定語(yǔ)，之后必須帶名詞；用作句子的定語(yǔ)，之后必須帶名詞；eg. This is my book. Thats his book.相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞詞組，之后不能帶名詞（其代換的名詞需在前文中出現(xiàn)）；相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞詞組，之后不能帶名詞（其代換的名詞需在前文中出現(xiàn)）；eg. His book is much newer

60、 than mine(= my book).一般放在動(dòng)詞后，要求同主語(yǔ)人稱一致。一般放在動(dòng)詞后，要求同主語(yǔ)人稱一致。eg. She teaches herself English. 1. 幾個(gè)人稱代詞連用時(shí)的位置關(guān)系：幾個(gè)人稱代詞同時(shí)作某一成分時(shí)，應(yīng)將第二人稱放在幾個(gè)人稱代詞連用時(shí)的位置關(guān)系：幾個(gè)人稱代詞同時(shí)作某一成分時(shí)，應(yīng)將第二人稱放在最前面，而將第一人稱放最后。最前面，而將第一人稱放最后。 eg. are good friends. These books are for .例如：例如： Miss Li invited _ have dinner with her . A. me and