2019版高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解一輪提升選練(3)(含解析)

1、2019版高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解一輪提升選練（3）李仕才AThe story of Sir Nicholas Winton is the one that you would imagine could only happen on the silver screen. SirNicholas Winton was a British manwho went to heroic efforts, potentially putting himself at risk, during World War II. SirWinton was responsible for ensuring the sa

2、fety of six hundred and sixty-nine Jewish children by aiding their escapefrom countries occupied by Nazis. Finally, the Jewish children were brought to England where he worked to make surefamilies in his native country would help the kids by taking them into their homes.Recently, this unbelievable s

3、tory has again been making the rounds on the Internet, particularly after a rerun of theBBC show called“Thats Life ”, which featuredSir Winton. People around the world were moved at the details of the story, with saying it to be the best story they veever seen.Sir Winton kept his entire plan complet

4、ely secret, even his wife had no idea about his planning until fifty years later.After the war, years passed and many people remained in the dark about Sir Wintons extraordinaryachievement.Somefifty yearslater, his wife Greta was searching in their house and discovered a Wintons notebook which docum

5、ented the names ofall the children. She worked with BBCand they produced a TV episode （插曲） of their program “Thats Life ” thatserved as an honor for Sir Wintons work.In 2003, Sir Winton was knighted by the Queen of England for his work. He also was even nominated for a NobelPeace Prize. He also had

6、a small planet named after him by Czech astronomers. Sir Winton died peacefully in his sleepat the old age of one hundred and six, in 2015. Leaders around the world paid tribute （悼念）. Israel s ambassador tothe United Kingdom, Daniel Taub, said, “He was a hero of our time, having saved 669 Jewish chi

7、ldren from Nazis. Hisstory, as a point of light in a period of darkness, will forever be remembered.”1.What happened to the 669 Jewish children?A. They were killed by Nazis.B. They returned to their own homes.C. They fled to their n ative coun tries.D. They were raised by En glish families.2. What m

8、ade Winton s story spread widely?102A. People s chatting online.B. The program “That s Life ”.C. His wife s promotion.D. Praises from some leaders.3. Which of the foll owing can replace the underlined expressionremained in the dark,in Paragraph 3?A. felt doubtfulB. rema ined movedC. knew nothingD. c

9、riticized somethi ng4. What do we know about Winton?A. He was born in 1909.B. Nazis tried to arrest him.C. He n amed a small pla net.D. Many childre n paid tribute to him.【文章大意】文章主要講述Sir Nicholas Winton 在納粹期間幫助 669 個(gè)猶太孩子逃到英國(guó)的故事。如今而且 BBC 把這一故事搬上熒幕，讓大眾知道在黑暗時(shí)期還有這樣一個(gè)英雄給人們帶來(lái)光明。1. D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的Fin

10、ally,the Jewish childre n were broughtto England where he worked to make sure families in his native country wouldhelp the kids by taking them into their homes.” 可知， 669 個(gè)猶太人孩子被帶到了英國(guó)，并由英國(guó)家庭收養(yǎng)。故選Db2. B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根擔(dān)文童第二段的第一句Recenll% (hi? unbelievable story again been maiing thefounds on the lntemet, pa

11、iticulaily after a renin of the BBC stow called FLIGr這個(gè)故事被BBC做成電視節(jié)目，重新出現(xiàn)在人們的視野中，使這個(gè)故事被人們所熟知。故選3. C【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前面的句意可知，Sir Nicholas Winton直對(duì)自己的英雄事跡保密，甚至是他的妻子。所以，此處應(yīng)為不為人們所知道。故選Co4. A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中Sir Winton died peacefully in his sleep at3the old age of one hun dred and six, in2015.”可知，Sir Win ton

12、生于 1909 年。故選 AB（2015 江西九校聯(lián)考）Sleep ing in a room with too much light has bee n lin ked to an in creased risk of pil ing on the pounds, a study shows. A team at the In stitute of Cancer Research in London found wome n had larger waistlines if their bedroom waslight eno ugh to seeacross ” at ni ght. Ho

13、wever, they cauti on there is not eno ugh evide nee to advise people to buy thickercurta ins or tur n off lights.The wome n were asked to rate the amount of light in their bedrooms at ni ght as:Light eno ugh to read. Light eno ugh to see across the room, but not read. Light eno ugh to see your handi

14、n front of you, but not across the room. Too dark to see your hand or you wear a mask.Prof.A ntho ny Swerdlow told the BBC: “ In this very large group of people thereis an associationbetween reported light exposure at night and overweight and obesity.But there is not sufficie nt evide nee to know if

15、 making your room darker would make any differenee toyour weight. There might be other explanationsfor the association,but the findings are in trigu ing eno ugh to guara ntee further scie ntific in vestigati on. ”The light is disrupting the body clock, which stems from our evoluti onary pastwhen we

16、were active when it was light in the day and resting when it was dark at night. Light alters mood ,physical strength and even the way we process food in a 24-hourcycle. Artificial light is known to disrupt the body clock by delay ing the product ion104of the sleep hormone melatonin.Prof.Derk -Jan Di

17、jk said there would be no harm in trying to make bedrooms darker. Hetold the BBC：“People in general are not aware of the light present in their bedroom. I think people should assess theirbedroom and see how easy it would be to make it darker. ” Street lights, some alarm clocks and standbylights on e

18、lectrical equipment such as televisions could light a room, he said.“ Overall this studypoints to theimportance of darkness ，” he concluded.1The passage mainly tells us _ A bright bedrooms link to obesityB dark bedrooms link to obesityC people should turn off lightsD people should buy thicker curtai

19、ns2 What does the underlined word“ disrupting ” in Paragraph 4 mean?A Stopping.B Disturbing.C Improving.D Recovering.3 What might Paragraph 4 be used for?AOne possible explanation on disrupting body clock.BOne possible explanation on disrupting mood.COne possible explanation on disrupting physical s

20、trength.DOne possible explanation on artificial light.4 What s Prof.Derk -Jan Dijk s attitude towards the dark room?5A Unclear.B Doubtful.C. Negative.D. Favorable.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了臥室里的亮度對(duì)人們健康的影響: 烈的光線會(huì)影響人體的生物鐘，影響人的情緒，還有可能使人肥胖。1.解析：選 A。主旨大意題。第一段第一句點(diǎn)明了文章的主題，即有研究表明，在光線 太強(qiáng)的房間里睡覺可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致體重增加。故選A 項(xiàng)。2 .解析：

21、選 B。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句中The light is disrupting the body clock”和第二句可知，本段主要講述的是光線會(huì)干擾生物鐘，會(huì)改變情緒、體力、甚至人體處理食物的方式，由此可推知，畫線單詞意為干擾，與B 項(xiàng) disturbing意義接近。故選B 項(xiàng)。3 .解析：選 A。篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句The light is disrupting the bodyclock. ”及最后一句中的Artificial light is known to disrupt the body clock”可知，本段主要解釋了光線會(huì)干擾人體生物鐘的可能原因。故選A 項(xiàng)。4

22、 .解析：選 D。觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句中there would be no harm in tryingto make bedrooms darker ”及最后一句可以看出，Derk-Jan Dijk教授贊成將臥室的亮度調(diào)暗。故選 D 項(xiàng)。CIn the United States alone , over 100million cell-phones are thrown away eachyear.Cell-pho nes are part of a grow ing mountain of electr onic waste like computersand personal

23、 digitalassistants.Theelectronic waste stream is increasingthree timesfaster tha n traditi onal garbage as a whole.Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.A Swiss studyreported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in

24、comparison to total waste , the concentration（含量）of gold and otherprecio us metals was higher in so-called e-waste tha n in n aturally occurri ngmi nerals.Electro nic wastes also contain many pois onous metals.Eve n whe n the mach ines arerecycled and the harmful metals removed , the recycling proce

25、ss often is carried out過于強(qiáng)106in poor coun tries, in practically uncon trolled ways which allow many pois onoussubsta nces to escape into the en viro nment.Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material， up to 100times more ， than the material contained in the finished produc

26、ts.Consider again the cell-phone ， andimagine the mines that produced those metals， the factories neededto make the box and packaging（包裝 ）it came in.Many wastes produced in the producingprocess are harmful as well.The U S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous inthat “th

27、e production ，distribution ，and use of products as well as management of the resulting waste all result in greenhouse gas release. ” Individualscan reduce theircontribution by creating less waste at the startfor instance ， buying reusableproducts and recycling.In many countries the concept of extend

28、ed producer responsibility is being considered or has been put inplace as an incentive（動(dòng)機(jī) ）for reducing waste.If producers arerequired to take back packaging they use to sell their products， would they reducethe packaging in the first place?Governments incentive to require producers to take responsi

29、bility for the packaging they produce isusually based on money.Why， they ask ， should cities or towns beresponsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap（氣泡墊 ）that encased yourtelevision?From the governments point of view，a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility isto trans

30、fer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the g overnment andtax-payers back to the producers. 文章大意：文章主要講述了電子垃圾的產(chǎn)生、危害以及相關(guān)解決措施。1 By mentioning the Swiss study， the author intends to tell us that_.A the weight of e-goods is rather smallB e-waste deserves to be made go

31、od use ofC natural minerals contain more precious metalsD the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste答案： B 推斷判斷題。結(jié)合第二段第一句“ Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold andsilver. ”可知，該段主要講述電子設(shè)備中包含有很多貴重的金屬；下文引 用瑞士的研究進(jìn)一步論證電子垃圾中的貴重金屬含量比自然礦產(chǎn)中的高。 由此可知， 作者提及 瑞士的研究旨在告訴我們電子垃圾應(yīng)該得7到很好的利用。

32、故正確答案為B。2 The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended_ .A from producers to governmentsB from governments to producersC from individuals to distributorsD from distributors to governments答案： B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合文章最后一句“ .aprimar y goal of laws requiring extendedproducer responsibility is to trans

33、fer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste managementfrom the government and tax-payers back to the producers. ”可 知，電子垃圾的責(zé)任應(yīng)該從政府延伸到生產(chǎn)者。故正確答案為B。3 What does the passage mainly talk about?A The increase in e-waste.B The creation of e-waste.C The seriousness of e-waste.D The management

34、of e-waste.答案： D 主旨大意題。本文從電子垃圾與日俱增這一現(xiàn)象出發(fā)，分析了電子垃圾治理的必要 性，并對(duì)一些國(guó)家政府將電子垃圾治理的責(zé)任延伸到生產(chǎn)者這一考慮進(jìn)行評(píng)述。 由此可知， 本 文通篇是圍繞著電子垃圾治理這一話題展開的。故正確答案為D。D(2015 陜西省質(zhì)量檢測(cè)二)Whether it is elementary school, middle school, or high school in the United States, there will alwaysbe an awards ceremony at the end of the year. Though it

35、 varies from school to school, there are a few thatare given by most schools across the nation.The first one is given from grades 3 to 8 and it is the Honor Roll Award. In elementary and middleschool, this award is used to recognize academic excellence. This award is also separated into twogroups: A

36、 Honor Roll and A/B Honor Roll. It is given out at the end of a school year and students whoreceive all averages of a 93 or above (90 in some states) on a final report card receive an A Honor Roll,and students with grades above 85 (80 in some states) would receive an A/B Honor Roll. It is to reward1

37、08students who have worked hard and received all A s or A s and B s.In high school, this is changed a bit, but still can be classified as the sametype of award.The difference is that instead of using the scale(等級(jí) ) of 100, they89use a grade point average(GPA) based on a 4 point scale. They recognize

38、 students with a high GPA as“ Honor Students ” If the students keep it up for all four years of high school, then they graduate withhonors.Another notable award is the President s Award for Educational Excellence. This is given by thePresident s Education Awards Program each year to students allover

39、the United States. This award is offered to elementary school ， middle school and high school students.To be eligible( 有資格的 ) for this award, middle school and elementary school students must earn anaverage grade of 90 or above on a 109 point scale. High school students must have a GPA of at least3.

40、5.Students must also have a high score on a statewide or national standardized test or have arecommendation from a teacher. Usually this award is given at the end of the year. It is a certificate with asignature from the president along with a letter of recognition.However, many people confuse the P

41、resident s Award for Educational Excellencewith another award, the US Presidential Scholars Program. Even though both have theword“ President ” in the title,they are completely different awards. Where thePresident s Award for Educational Excellence is relatively easy to achieve, the award from thePr

42、esidential Scholars Program is not. To earn the honor of being a Presidential Scholar, a student mustbe a high school senior last year of high school with outstanding standardized test scores.1 If, in most of the schools in the US, a student in Grade 5 wants to get an AHonor Roll, he/she must get al

43、l averages of a(n) _ A93B 8510C90D 802From the passage we know that the students who _ can graduate with honors.A keep up the grades of 100 in high school for more than one yearB get averages of 100 in high school for all four years of high schoolC get a high GPA in high school for more than one yea

44、rD are recognized as“Honor Students ” for all four years of high school3 If high school students are to win the Presidents Award for EducationalExcellence, which of the following statements should be included?A An average grade of 90 or above on a 100 point scale.B A recommendation from a teacher.C

45、A GPA of at least 3.5 in a national standardized test.D A high school senior with outstanding standardized test scores.4 The best title for this passage may be“_ ”A Awards in elementary and middle schoolsB Awards in schools of the United StatesC How high schools reward their studentsD It s easy to w

46、in awards in schools【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】 本文是一篇說明文。 主要介紹了美國(guó)學(xué)校設(shè)置的一些獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)以及獲得這些獎(jiǎng) 項(xiàng)需要滿足的條件。1 .解析：選 A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第四句中的and students who receive all averages of a 93or above(90 in some states).receive an A Honor Roll ”可知，在 美國(guó)大多A93B 8511數(shù)學(xué)校，想要獲得 A Honor Roll ，平均分必須在 93 分或以上。故答案選 A。10122 解析：選 D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句可知，如果學(xué)生能連續(xù)四年獲得“

47、優(yōu)秀學(xué)生”的稱號(hào)，就能帶著榮譽(yù)畢業(yè)。故選D。3 .解析：選 B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第五、六句“ High school students must have a GPA of at least3.5. Students must.have a recommendation from a teacher.”可知，B 項(xiàng)為條件之一。4解析：選 B。標(biāo)題歸納題?？v觀全文可知，本文講述的是美國(guó)學(xué)校設(shè)置的一些獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)以及獲得這些獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)需要滿足的條件。 B 項(xiàng)能概括文章內(nèi)容，適合做標(biāo)題。故選B。EWe humans are superstitious, believing that Friday the 1

48、3th is bad luck and finding a penny is goodluck.Here, then, are three of the most commonsuperstitions.Careful with that mirrorAccording to folktales, breaking a mirror is sure to bring yourself seven years of bad luck.The superstitionseems to arise from the belief that mirrors dont just reflect your

49、 image; they hold bits of your soul.That belief ledold American Southerners to cover mirrors in a house when someone died, for fear that their soul might betrapped inside.Like the number three, the number seven is often associated with luck.Seven years is a long time to beunlucky, so people have come up with solutions a