高考英語(yǔ)形容詞和副詞詳解及練習(xí)

1、英語(yǔ)高考專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)講與練 形容詞和副詞一、考點(diǎn)聚焦1、形容詞、副詞的作用與位置形容詞是用來(lái)修飾名詞的，常被放在名詞前作定語(yǔ)，或放在系動(dòng)詞后面作表語(yǔ)。而副詞則用來(lái)修飾形容詞、動(dòng)詞，其他副詞或者句子，一般位于形容詞之前，動(dòng)詞之后或句子之首。以下屬幾種特殊情況，須牢記；（1）形容詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)后置。a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high（2）表語(yǔ)形容詞（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)后置。如a man alive。有些表身體健康狀況的形容詞如w

2、ell、faint、ill只作表語(yǔ)。sick既可作表語(yǔ)又可作定語(yǔ)，ill如作定語(yǔ)意為“bad”。（3）用作定語(yǔ)，修飾由不定代詞one、no、any、some和every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞如anything、something等時(shí)，通常后置。如：I have something important to tell you.（4）else常用作疑問(wèn)代詞和不定代詞的后置定語(yǔ)。（5）enough、nearby修飾名詞前置或后置，程度副詞一般位于形容詞、副詞前面，enough修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí)，必須后置。（6）幾個(gè)副詞并列作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其順序較靈活，但一般是：方式地點(diǎn)時(shí)間。如：We had a good time

3、 together outdoors last Sunday.（7）頻度副詞如often、always、usually等在be動(dòng)詞后，行為動(dòng)詞前。（8）副詞作定語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)后置。如：The person there is waiting for you.（9）幾個(gè)并列的形容詞作定語(yǔ)，其語(yǔ)序通常為：限定語(yǔ)（The、A）+ 描繪性形容詞 + size（大?。? shape（形狀）+ age（年齡、時(shí)間）+ color（顏色）+ origin（國(guó)籍、來(lái)源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名詞。如：a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,the

4、mans first tow interesting little red French oil paitings（10）以-ly結(jié)尾的詞性辨析。下列單詞以-ly結(jié)尾，但卻是形容詞而非副詞：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。表愿意（無(wú)-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副詞：deep深 wide寬廣 high高 low位置低deeply深入地 widely廣泛地 highly高度地 lowly地位卑微有無(wú)-ly意義大不相同的副詞：dead完全，絕對(duì)be dead asleep deadly

5、非常be deadly tired pretty相當(dāng)be pretty certain that prettily漂亮地be prettily dressedclose近Dont sit close. closely密切地Watch closely! late晚、遲arrive late, come late lately最近I havent seen him lately(recently). 2、復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成（1）形容詞 + 名詞 + edkind-hearted好心的，white-haired白發(fā)的(2)形容詞 + 形容詞red-hot熾熱的，dark-blue深藍(lán)的（3）形容詞 +

6、 現(xiàn)在分詞good-looking好看的，easy-going隨和的（4）副詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working勤勞的，fast-moving快速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的（5）副詞 + 過(guò)去分詞hard-won得來(lái)不易的，newly-made新建的（6）名詞 + 形容詞life-long終生的，world-famous世界聞名的（7）名詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞peace-loving愛(ài)好和平的，fun-loving愛(ài)開(kāi)玩笑的（8）名詞 + 過(guò)去分詞snow-covered白雪覆蓋的，hand-made手工的（9）數(shù)詞 + 名詞 + edfour-storeyed 4層樓的，three-legged 3條腿的（10）

7、數(shù)詞 + 名詞（名詞用單數(shù)）ten-year 10年的,two-man兩人的3、形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)（1）原級(jí)的構(gòu)成和用法。構(gòu)成：形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)即本身。用法：表示雙方在程度、性質(zhì)、特征等某方面相等時(shí)，用“as + 原級(jí)形容詞/副詞 + as”的結(jié)構(gòu)；表示雙方不相等時(shí)，用“not so(as) + 原級(jí)形容詞/副詞 + as”的結(jié)構(gòu)；表示一方是另一方的若干倍時(shí)，用“倍數(shù) + as + 原級(jí)形容詞/副詞 + as”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.This building looks not so (as)high as that one.Miss

8、 Xu speaks English as fluently as you .This room is three times as large as that one.（2）比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成。掌握比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化規(guī)則，熟記少數(shù)不符合規(guī)則的特殊形容詞和副詞。（3）比較級(jí)的用法。對(duì)方比較，表示一方超過(guò)另一方時(shí)，用“比較級(jí) + than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如：This picture is more beautiful than that one.表示一方不及另一方時(shí)，用“l(fā)ess + 原級(jí) + than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如： This room is less beautiful than tha

9、t one.表示一方超過(guò)另一方的程度或數(shù)量時(shí)，可在比較級(jí)前加表示程度的狀語(yǔ)，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by far等修飾。如：He works even harder than before.He found he got 2cm higher than one year before when he measured himself yesterday.Mary kept weighing herself to see how much _ she was getting.A. heavier B. heavy C. the

10、heavier D. the heaviest注意：英語(yǔ)的比較級(jí)前如無(wú)even、still或yet等時(shí)，譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)可用“較”或“一些”或不譯出，一般不可有“更”。如：She is better than she was yesterdayPlease come earlier tomorrow.另注意：by far通常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)最高級(jí)。用于比較級(jí)時(shí)，一般放在比較級(jí)的后面，如在前面，應(yīng)在二者中間加“the”。如：He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.表示一方隨另一方的程度而變

11、化時(shí)，用“the + 比較級(jí)（主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)），the + 比較級(jí)（主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)）”的結(jié)構(gòu)（意為“越越”）。如：The harder he works, the happier he feels.不與其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改變時(shí)，用“比較級(jí) + and + 比較級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：The weather is getting colder and colder.The girl becomes more and more beautiful.某些以-ior結(jié)尾的形容詞進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用to代替than。這些詞有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（較好的，優(yōu)于）、junior（資

12、歷較淺的）、senior（資格較老的）、prior（在之前）等。He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.在比較從句中為了避免重復(fù)，我們通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，而one只能代替可數(shù)名詞。The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.

13、倍數(shù)表達(dá)法。（A）A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length, depth, width, size ,weight etc.)of B.這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大（高）。The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.這座新樓比那座舊樓大三倍（高三倍）。（B）A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞

14、洲比歐洲大三倍。（C）A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours.你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍。用times 表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice或double.比較級(jí)與否定詞連用表示最高級(jí)意義1)-What do you think of her performance-She couldnt behave better. /I havent seen such a better one before.2)-Ho

15、w do you like the movie?-It cant be _. It is so boringA. goodB. badC. worseD. better(4)最高級(jí)的用法。三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度時(shí)，用“the + 最高級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語(yǔ)。如：Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works(the)hardest in his class.最高級(jí)可被序數(shù)詞以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothin

16、g like等詞語(yǔ)所修飾。如：This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.How much did the secon most expensive hat cost?表示“最高程度”的形容詞，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，沒(méi)有最高級(jí)，也不能用比較級(jí)。形容詞最高級(jí)修飾作表語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)的名詞、代詞時(shí)，被修飾的詞往往省略。如：He is the tallest(boy)in his class.作狀

17、語(yǔ)的副詞最高級(jí)前可以不加定冠詞。如：Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.(5)形容詞和副詞前面使用冠詞的情況。形容詞最高級(jí)前一般要加定冠詞，副詞最高級(jí)前可不加冠詞。形容詞最高級(jí)前有時(shí)加不定冠詞，或不加冠詞，不表比較，表示“非?！薄Ｈ纾篐e is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very)The film is most interesting.(most=very)表示兩者間“較的一個(gè)”比較級(jí)前加the。如：who is the older of the tow boys?在“the + 比較級(jí)，the + 比較

18、級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)中。在same前一般要加the。有些形容詞前加the 成為名詞。如the poor、the rich 等。（6）由as / so組成的形容詞或副詞短語(yǔ)。 as much as + 不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量。Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.as many as + 可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量 多達(dá)I have as a many as sixteen referrence books.as early as早在As early as the twelfth century

19、 the English began to invade the island.as far as遠(yuǎn)到；就而知（論）We might go as far as (走到)the church and back.As far as I know（就我所知），he has been there before.may (might, could)as well不妨、不如Then you might as well stay with us here.as as can be到了最的程度，極其They are as unreliable as they can be.他們極其不可信。as as one

20、canHe began to run, as fast as he could.as as possibleJust get them to finish up as quickly as possible.(7)幾組重要的詞語(yǔ)辨析。very 和much的區(qū)別。（A）可分等級(jí)的形容詞和副詞前使用very不用much。(B)表示狀態(tài)的過(guò)去分詞前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child, a very complicated problem, 一般的情況下，以-ing、-ed結(jié)尾的分詞多用much、very much / greatly等修飾。

21、如：We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jacks attitude。(C)已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的現(xiàn)在分詞前用very。如：very interesting / worrying / exicting。（D）too前用much或far,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。 Theres far too little opportunity for adventue t

22、hese days.Weve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.（E）關(guān)于原級(jí)形容詞要記住下列固定的修飾結(jié)構(gòu)：（a）修飾絕對(duì)意義的形容詞，一般不用very,而用quite completely、well、entirely。如：quite wrong(mistaken, sure)、completely dead、quite impossible、quite perfect等。（b）修飾以a-開(kāi)頭的形容詞，多有特殊的修飾詞：quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, ve

23、ry much afraid。(c)修飾一些特殊形容詞的修飾語(yǔ)有：be well worth, much the same, freezing cold, quite different, terribly cold / frightening。so that 與such that 的區(qū)別。so + 形容詞 / 副詞 + that so + 形容詞 + a（n）+ 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that so + many / much / little / few + 名詞 + that such + a(n)+ 形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + that such + 形容詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞 + that s

24、uch + 形容詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + that 注意：下列結(jié)構(gòu)中只能用so不可用such,當(dāng)名詞前有many、much、little、few等表示“多、少”的詞修飾時(shí)，如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。但當(dāng)little表示“小”時(shí)用such。如：These are such little boys that they cant dress themselves.下列so的用法是錯(cuò)誤的：so a diffcult problem,so difficult problems, so hot weather

25、。其他幾組詞的辨析。（A） ago、before:ago表示以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的“以前”；before指以過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的某時(shí)刻為起點(diǎn)的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。（B） （B）already、yet、still:already表示某事已經(jīng)發(fā)生；yet表示期待某事發(fā)生；still表示某事還在進(jìn)行，主要用于肯定句。 (C)too、also、either:too和also用于肯定句，too多用于口語(yǔ)，also多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)，either用于否定句。 (D)good、well:與good不同的是，well作形容詞，只能在系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)，表示“身體狀況好”，也作副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。 (E)quic

26、k、fast:作形容詞皆表“快”。fast多指運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體，含持續(xù)的意思。quick多指一次動(dòng)作的敏捷、突然，而且持續(xù)的時(shí)間較短。 (F)real、true:形容詞表“真的”。real強(qiáng)調(diào)真實(shí)存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定語(yǔ)；true指與事實(shí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和實(shí)際情況相符合，在句中作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。 (G)hard、difficult:均表“困難”，但hard通常指體力上困難；difficult則指智力或技能上的困難，困難程度大于hard。它們都可作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。 二、精典名題導(dǎo)解選擇填空1. It is generally believed that teaching is _it is a science.

27、（NMET 2001）A.an art much as B.much an art asC.as an art much as D.as much an art as解析：答案為D。本題可從考查形容詞的同級(jí)比較點(diǎn)入手。在同級(jí)比較asas句式中，如果as后面的形容詞作定語(yǔ)且其所修飾的名詞前有不定冠詞時(shí)，該冠詞須置于形容詞之后，即形成“as + 形容詞 + a / an + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 + as”結(jié)構(gòu)。這道題在名詞專(zhuān)題中也有解析，不同的是觀察視角不同，應(yīng)注意培養(yǎng)發(fā)散思維。2. It is always difficult being in a foreign country, _if you d

28、ont speak the language.(NMET 2000)A.extremely B.naturally C.basically D.especially解析：答案為D。本題考查副詞的詞義辨析。注意掌握詞語(yǔ)的準(zhǔn)確含義，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行分析。A項(xiàng)意為“極端地”；B項(xiàng)意為“自然地”；C項(xiàng)“基本上”；D項(xiàng)“尤其，特別地”。根據(jù)句意“如果你不會(huì)講（它的）語(yǔ)言，在國(guó)外你就總會(huì)困難重重”可知答案。3. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _known for his plays.(NMET 1998)A.the best

29、 B.more C.better D.the most解析：答案為C。本題考查副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。要把握句式之間的聯(lián)系，抓住句子的隱藏信息，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行分析。根據(jù)句意，句中but后應(yīng)有一詞組be well known for。同時(shí)，應(yīng)注意到前后兩個(gè)分句把professor White的短篇小說(shuō)和戲劇進(jìn)行了對(duì)比，故應(yīng)用well的比較級(jí)。 形容詞與副詞1If we had followed his plan，we could have done the job better with money and people A1ess；less Bfewer；fewer C1ess；fewer Dfe

30、wer；less2It is impossible for so workers to do so work in a single day Afew；much Bfew；many C1ittle；much Dlittle；many3If you dont like the red coat，take the blue one 0K，but do you have size in blue?This one is a bit tight for me Abig Ba bigger Cthe big Dthe bigger4After the new technique was introduc

31、ed，the factory produced tractors in 1988 as the year before Aas twice many Bas many twice Ctwice as many Dtwice many as5How did you find your visit to the museum? I thoroughly enjoyed itIt was than I expected Afar more interesting Beven much interesting Cso more interesting Da lot much interesting6I

32、f there were no examinations，we should have at schoo1 Athe happiest time Ba more happier time Cmuch happiest time Da much happier time7On the river there is bridge Aan old fine stone Ba fine new wood Ca stone fine old Da new wood fine8If I had ，Id visit Europe，stopping at all the small interesting p

33、laces Aa long enough holiday Ban enough long holiday Ca holiday enough long Da long holiday enough9It Was raining heavilyLittle Mary felt cold，so she stood to her mother Aclose Bclosely Cclosed Dclosing10The means of getting from place to place in the city is the bus Amost commonly useful public Bmo

34、st commonly public used Cpublic used more commonly Dmost commonly used public11.Alice is going camping with girls A1ittle two other Btwo other little Ctwo 1ittle other D1ittle 0ther two12.Where have you been days? Aall last these few Bthese all last few C1ast all few these Dall these last few13.He h

35、as made progress that all of us want to learn from him Asuch a good Bso good a Ca so good Dsuch good14.All the people at the party were his supporters. Apresent Bthankful Cinterested Dimportant15.This kind of apple tastes and sells Awell；well Bgood；good Cgood；well Dwell；good16The storm kept me all t

36、hrough the night Aawake Bawoke Cawaked Dawaken17My brother was still studying into the night while I was asleep A1ate；sound B1ately；wide Cdeeply；far Dfar；late18The temperature of a person is about 37 Aformal Bnormal Ccommon Dusual19Im always very when I was asked to recite the text in class Acurious

37、 Bnervous Cmysterious Dsad20It Was impossible for her to get the 9 oclock train，I know she got up at 9：15 Aquite Bvery Ctoo Dmuch形容詞與副詞1-5 CABCA 6-10 DBAAD 11-15 BDDAC 16-20 AABBA 形容詞和副詞1. _to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. （2000全國(guó)）（C）ABrave enough students B

38、Enough brave studentsCStudents brave enough DStudents enough brave2. Its always difficult being in a foreign country, _if you dont speak the language. （2000全國(guó)）（D）Aextremely BnaturallyCbasically Despecially3. It is generally believed that reading is_ it is a science. （01全國(guó)）（D） A. an art much as B. mu

39、ch an art as C. as an art much as D. as much an art as4. Many people have helped with canned food, however, the food bank needs _ for the poor. （01北京春季）（A）Amore Bmuch Cmany Dmost5. In that case, there is nothing you can do _ than wait. （01北京春季）（B）Amore Bother Cbetter Dany6. I am surprised that you s

40、hould have been fooled by such a （an）_trick. （01北京春季）（D）Aordinary Beasy Csmart Dsimple7. Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _ IQ. （02全國(guó)）【】a higha higherthe higherthe highest 8. All the people _ at the party were his supporters. （02北京）（A）A. presentB. thankfulC. interes

41、tedD. important9. Would you like to come to the dinner party here on Saturday? Thank you. Id love to, _ Ill be out of town at the weekend. （02北京）（D）A. because B. andC. soD. but10.It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _ to her mother. （02北京）（A）A. closeB. closelyC. closedD. closi

42、ng11. Im very with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. Mm, it does have a smell. （02北京春季）（D）A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; plcasedC. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant 12. Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. , neither of them could swim. （02北京春季）（C）A. In fact B. Luck

43、ily C. Unfortunately D. Naturally13. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was to carry all the way home. （03全國(guó)卷）（A）Amuch too heavyBtoo much heavyCheavy too muchDtoo heavy much14. - I hear they arent pleased with the house youve chosen for them - Well , _ could they live in such comfort ? （03北京）（

44、A） A. where elseB. what else C. howD why15. He did it _ it took me. （03北京）（D） A. one-third a timeB. one-third timeC. the one-third timeD. one-third the time16. - You dont look very .Are you ill?- No, Im just a bit tired. （03北京春季）（B）AgoodBwellCstrongDhealthy17. Mr. Smith used to smoke_ but he has giv

45、en it up. （04天津）(B)A seriouslyB heavilyC badlyD hardly18. The_house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years. （04江蘇）(A)A. little white wooden B. little wooden whiteC. white wooden little D. wooden white little19. _ students are required to take part in the boat race. （04浙江）(A) A. Ten strong you

46、ng Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese20. The number of people present at the concert was _than expected .There were many tickets left. （04福建）(A)Amuch smallerBmuch moreCmuch largerDmany more21. It is _ any wonder that his friend doesnt like wat

47、ching television much. （04廣東）(D)A. no B. such C. nearly D. hardly22. Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasnt always _ much to do. （04廣東）（D）A. such B. that C. more D. very23. The great success of this programme has been _ due to the support given by the local businessmen. （04廣

48、東）（D）A. rather B. very C. quickly D. largely24. When we plan our vacation, mother often offers _ suggestions. （04廣西） （B）A. careful B. practical C. effective D. acceptable25. It is re ported that the United States uses _ energy as the whole of Europe. （04廣西） （D）A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much

49、 as D. twice as much26. That doesnt sound very frightening, Paul, Ive seen _. What did you like most about the film? （04湖南） （B）A. better B. worse C. best D. worst27. Everyone was on time for the meeting _ Chris, whos usually ten minutes late for everything. （04湖南） （C）A. butB. only C. even D. yet28.

50、John Smith , a successful businessman , has a car . （04遼寧） (B)Alarge German white Blarge white German Cwhite large German DGerman large white 29. He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _ a native speaker. （04上海） (C)A. as fluent asB. more fluent thanC. so fluently asD. much fluently than 30

51、. Mary kept weighing herself to see how much_ she was getting. （04全國(guó)I） (A)A heavierB heavyC the heavierD the heaviest31. I dont mind picking up your things from the store. _, the walk will do me good. （04全國(guó)I） (D)A Sooner or laterB StillC In timeD Besides32. I must be getting fat-I can _ do my trousers up. （04全國(guó)II） (B)A fairlyB hardlyC nearlyD seldom33. Lizzie was_ to see her friend off at the airport. （04全國(guó)IV） （B） A a little more than sadB more than a little sadC sad more than a littleD a little more than sad34. If you cant come tomorrow, well _ have to hold the meeting next week. （04全國(guó)IV）