SAT官方指南OG 解析整理

1、Book Test #8:Sample Essay - Score of 6There are many types of heroes in real life or in literature, but the most courageous type of all is the one who is willing to stand up and say what they believe in even when everyone else lacks the courage to do so. Many people are content to go through life fo

2、llowing the crowd. They will themselves to believe in ideas that society says is right, even when they know in their heart it is wrong. A hero is one who is willing to give up his position in society in order to tell people what he believes is right.The abolitionists, such as Harriet Beecher Stowe a

3、nd William Lloyd Garrison, were heroes in their own time. Before the Civil War, people in all sections of the country thought that African Americans were animals and treated them as such. During the reform period of the Jacksonian era William Lloyd Garrison began to publish his abolitionist newspape

4、r The Liberator. In this newspaper he demanded that the African American slaves be set free immeadietly, without any compensation to their owners. Because his view on slavery was against the common belief of the population he was not recieved well. Throughout his life he was given multiple death thr

5、eats and one of his abolitionist friends was killed. Harriet Beecher Stowe was an abolitionist after Garrisons time, but she was recieved in much of the same way. After the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was released, she wrote the book Uncle Toms Cabin. It was a story of a slave living in the South and

6、 the cruelity of his owner. The inhumaness of the owner caused many southerners to ban the book in anger, but at the same time it brought the terrible act of slavery to the light. Many northerners used this book as a weapon against the Souths peculiar institution.Rudyard Kipling once wrote in his po

7、em “If,” which said that you will be a man if you can stand up and say what you believe in when all men around you doubt you. Heroes must have the courage to risk everyting they love to stand up for theirselves in the face of opposition. Both William Lloyd Garrison and Harriet Beecher Stowe stood up

8、 against a society which had accepted slavery as a right. They believed that what their heart told them was right and risked everything to tell the public what they believed in. These two people have hopefully shown others to believe in themselves and what they view in their hearts.Section 31 A

9、NSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS Explanation for Correct Answer C :  Choice (C) is correct. It avoids the error of the original by using the verb "supported" (instead of the verbal "being"), thereby forming a complete sentence.Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :  Choi

10、ce (A) produces a sentence fragment. The introductory clause ("Although several . . . of the city council") does not state a complete thought, and the remaining phrase ("other groups . . . new rules") is also incomplete because it has no verb.Explanation for Incorrect Answer 

11、;B :  Choice (B) displays wordiness. It uses five words when only two ("enthusiastically supported") are adequate.Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :  Choice (D) creates a sentence fragment. The introductory clause ("Although several . . . of the city council") is

12、 dependent, and the remaining phrase ("other groups . . . new rules") has no verb to state a complete thought.Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :  Choice (E) has an error in verb tense sequence. The verb "are," in present tense, is inconsistent with the earlier verb &q

13、uot;opposed," which is in past tense.2 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS Explanation for Correct Answer D :  Choice (D) is correct. It avoids the error of the original by including the helping verb "is," thereby stating a complete thought.Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :

14、0; Choice (A) creates a sentence fragment. The phrase provides no helping verb before "compounded" and therefore does not state a complete thought.Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :  Choice (B) produces a sentence fragment. The phrase includes no helping verb before "compo

15、unded" and therefore fails to state a complete thought.Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :  Choice (C) creates a sentence fragment. The phrase has no helping verb before "compounded," and, therefore, the thought remains incomplete.Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :&#

16、160; Choice (E) displays inappropriate coordination. The conjunction "and" adds another independent clause ("the treatment . . . adequately regulated") but does not signal the logical relationship between clauses (that the second condition is the cause of the first).3 ANSWERS AND

17、 EXPLANATIONS Explanation for Correct Answer A :  Choice (A) is correct. It avoids unnecessary words and uses a verbal form, "Having been," that is consistent with the past-tense verb "avoided."Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :  Choice (B) has an error in t

18、ense sequence. The present tense of the verbal form "being" is inconsistent with the past tense of the verb "avoided."Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :  Choice (C) exhibits wordiness. The word "Her" is unnecessary.Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :&#

19、160; Choice (D) involves an error in tense sequence. The present tense of the verbal form "being" is inconsistent with the past tense of the verb "avoided."Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :  Choice (E) displays wordiness. The word "Because" adds nothing.4 A

20、NSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS Explanation for Correct Answer D :  Choice (D) is correct. It avoids the error of the original by eliminating the vague pronoun "they" and making the noun "laws" the subject of the sentence.Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :  Choice (

21、A) involves vague pronoun reference. The pronoun "they" (in its first use in the sentence) does not refer to any specific noun.Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :  Choice (B) displays vague pronoun reference. The pronoun "they" (in its first use in the sentence) does n

22、ot refer to any specific noun.Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :  Choice (C) creates a sentence fragment. The phrase does not state a complete thought because it has no verb (only the verbal form, "allowing").Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :  Choice (E) exhibits w

23、ordiness. The phrase "in the place" is unnecessary because it conveys the same meaning as the word "where."5 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS Explanation for Correct Answer E :  Choice (E) is correct. It avoids the logical error of the original by placing the noun "family&

24、quot; immediately after its modifying phrase, "While driving down the road."Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :  Choice (A) involves improper modification. The introductory phrase, "While driving down the road," cannot logically modify the noun, "house," that

25、 comes immediately after it.Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :  Choice (B) exhibits improper modification. The introductory phrase, "While driving down the road," cannot logically modify the noun, "house," that comes immediately after it.Explanation for Incorrect Answ

26、er C :  Choice (C) displays improper modification. The noun, "house," cannot logically be modified by the phrase immediately before it.Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :  Choice (D) uses improper modification. The introductory phrase, "While driving down the road

27、," cannot logically modify either the possessive form, "family's," or the noun, "attention," that comes immediately after it.6 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS Explanation for Correct Answer D :  Choice (D) is correct. It avoids the error of the original by using the c

28、onjunction "because" to make one clause dependent ("its trunk and roots . . . has been felled") and concisely signal its causal relationship with the earlier independent clause ("The chestnut . . . immortal tree").Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :  Choice (

29、A) has an error in coordination. Two complete thoughts ("The chestnut . . . immortal tree" and "the reason is . . . has been felled") are connected by only a comma.Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :  Choice (B) uses inappropriate subordination. The word "which&qu

30、ot; loosely connects the two clauses but does not signal the cause-effect relationship.Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :  Choice (C) exhibits errors in word order. The phrase "of which" comes between two phrases that belong together ("the trunk" and "the roots&q

31、uot;), and it does not signal the cause-effect relationship between the two clauses.Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :  Choice (E) involves inappropriate subordination. The word "whose" loosely connects the two clauses but does not signal the cause-effect relationship.7 ANSWERS

32、 AND EXPLANATIONS Explanation for Correct Answer B :  Choice (B) is correct. It avoids the error of the original by providing a verb, "are," that completes the thought.Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :  Choice (A) is a sentence fragment. Although it contains verbal p

33、hrases ("being known" and "having authored"), it has no verb that can state a complete thought.Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :  Choice (C) is a sentence fragment. The verbal phrases ("having authored" and "being") do not state a complete thought

34、.Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :  Choice (D) displays errors in word order and modification. The words "having" and "authored" are improperly separated, and the phrase "Having . . . in their field" is not placed next to the nouns it modifies, "Dr. He

35、nderson and Dr. Ball." Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :  Choice (E) is a fragment. Since it has no verb (only the verbal phrases "having authored" and "being"), the sentence does not state a complete thought.8 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS Explanation for Correct An

36、swer C :  Choice (C) is correct. It avoids the error of the original by clarifying the relationship of the information in the sentence. Less important information is embedded in a phrase ("seeking better ways to predict damage from earthquakes") rather than appearing in an indepe

37、ndent clause.Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :  Choice (A) uses inappropriate coordination. Two independent clauses are joined by the conjunction "and" when the less important clause ("Scientists are seeking better ways to predict damage from earthquakes") could be r

38、educed to a modifying phrase.Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :  Choice (B) displays wordiness. Since the noun "Scientists" can serve as the subject of the sentence, the pronoun "they" is unnecessary.Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :  Choice (D) creates a

39、 sentence fragment. It contains a participial phrase ("Seeking better ways . . . from earthquakes") and a dependent clause ("who are . . . in an earthquake") but does not state a complete thought.Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :  Choice (E) exhibits wordiness. The p

40、hrase "is why" is unnecessary.9 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS Explanation for Correct Answer C :  Choice (C ) is correct. It avoids the error of the original by inserting the key word "for," thus creating a logical comparison of injuries to two separate groups.Explanation fo

41、r Incorrect Answer A :  Choice (A) results in an illogical comparison. It illogically compares "types of injuries" and "young adults."Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :  Choice (B) involves subject-verb disagreement. The plural subject "types" requ

42、ires a plural verb form ("are"), not a singular verb form ("is").Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :  Choice (D) creates wordiness. The logical comparison between two types of injuries is obscured by the unnecessary words "those who are."Explanation for Incor

43、rect Answer E :  Choice (E) creates an illogical comparison. It illogically compares "those injuries for children" with "young adults."10 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS Explanation for Correct Answer B :  Choice (B) is correct. It avoids the error of the original by

44、 replacing the pronoun "it," which has no clear antecedent, with the phrase "their music." Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :  Choice (A) involves the improper use of a pronoun. The pronoun "it" does not refer to any noun or pronoun mentioned elsewhere in th

45、e sentence.Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :  Choice (C ) results in an improper idiom. The word "because" is used where it would be more idiomatic to use the word "that."Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :  Choice (D) produces an improper idiom. The word

46、"because" in this context is not as idiomatic as the word "that."Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :  Choice (E) involves a tense error. The use of the future verb "will draw" illogically suggests that something occurring in both the past and the present (the

47、 continuing popularity of country-western performers) has been caused by something that has not yet occurred.11 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS Explanation for Correct Answer D :  Choice (D) is correct. It avoids the error of the original by directly linking the modifying clause "Raised in.c

48、ity" to the subject of the sentence, "I."Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :  Choice (A) involves improper modification, resulting in ambiguity. The modifying clause, "Raised in.city," does not clearly modify the subject of the sentence, "I."Explanation

49、for Incorrect Answer B :  Choice (B) involves improper modification, resulting in ambiguity. It is unclear whether or not the modifying clause, "Raised in.city," modifies the subject of the sentence, "I."Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :  Choice (C ) involv

50、es improper modification, resulting in ambiguity. "Raised in.city" appears to be modifying "going away."Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :  Choice (E) involves improper modification. It is illogical for the modifying clause "Raised in.city" to modify "d

51、elightful life."12 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS Corrected Sentence: At the heart of the program, enthusiastically endorsed by the city's business association, are plans for refurbishing neighborhoods and for making low-interest mortgages available to young families.Explanation for Correct

52、Answer B :  The error in this sentence occurs at (B), where there is a mistake in subject-verb agreement. In the inverted construction the singular verb "is" does not agree with its plural subject "plans." Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :  There is no erro

53、r at (A). The verbal phrase "enthusiastically endorsed" is used appropriately as an adjective to modify "program."Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :  There is no error at (C). The phrase "for making" is parallel with the earlier phrase "for refurbishing

54、," and "and" is the proper conjunction for joining the two phrases.Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :  There is no error at (D). "Available" is an appropriate adjective to modify "mortgages," and the preposition "to" (before the noun phrase &q

55、uot;young families") is idiomatic. Explanation for Incorrect Answer E :  There is an error in the sentence.13 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS Corrected Sentence: The illustrated books by Dr. Seuss have managed to keep youngsters and adults alike entertained for several decades. Explanat

56、ion for Correct Answer B :  The error in this sentence occurs at (B), where an inappropriate verbal form is used. The verbal form "keeping" is not idiomatic between the verb phrase "have managed" and the noun phrase "youngsters and adults."Explanation for Inco

57、rrect Answer A :  There is no error at (A). The plural verb "have" agrees with its plural subject "books" (not with the interrupting singular noun "Dr. Seuss").Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :  There is no error at (C). The adverb "alike&quo

58、t; is used correctly to show that both groups have been entertained in a similar manner.Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :  There is no error at (D). The preposition "for" combines with the noun phrase "several decades" to produce an appropriate idiom.Explanation for

59、Incorrect Answer E :  There is an error in the sentence.14 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS Corrected Sentence: Introducing new ideas and replacing old ones is always a highly controversial matter, especially when there is already tension between an older and a younger generation.Explanation

60、for Correct Answer E :  There is no error in this sentence.Explanation for Incorrect Answer A :  There is no error at (A). The gerund "introducing" is parallel with the later gerund "replacing," and they serve together appropriately as the singular subject of

61、the sentence.Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :  There is no error at (B). The pronoun phrase "old ones" is parallel with the earlier noun phrase "new ideas."Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :  There is no error at (C). The singular verb "is" agr

62、ees with its subject, "Introducing new ideas and replacing old ones," since this phrase, although it appears to be plural, actually refers to a single action (one "controversial matter").Explanation for Incorrect Answer D :  There is no error at (D). "When" is

63、 the proper subordinating conjunction to introduce a clause that describes a particular time, and "especially" is an appropriate adverb to modify the clause.15 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS Corrected Sentence: It was fortunate that the inexperienced veterinarian was able to examine the inj

64、ured horse calmly and with confidence.Explanation for Correct Answer D :  The error in this sentence occurs at (D). The adjective "calm" is used where the adverb "calmly" should be used to describe the veterinarian's actions. Explanation for Incorrect Answer A

65、:  There is no error at (A). The singular verb "was" agrees with the singular subject "it," and the words "fortunate" and "that" combine to produce an appropriate idiom.Explanation for Incorrect Answer B :  There is no error at (B). The singular verb "was" agrees with the singular noun "veterinarian," and the adjective "able" is properly used.Explanation for Incorrect Answer C :  There is no error at (C). The verb "to examine&quo