被動(dòng)語態(tài)講解和練習(xí)教學(xué)內(nèi)容

1、被動(dòng)語態(tài)講解和練習(xí) 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)：bebe +動(dòng)詞的過去分詞過去分詞 意義：意義：強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語主語是動(dòng)作的是動(dòng)作的承受者承受者 各種時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)謂語結(jié)構(gòu)對照表各種時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)謂語結(jié)構(gòu)對照表時(shí)時(shí) 態(tài)態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)1 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/doesam/is/are+過去分詞過去分詞2 一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)didwas/were+過去分詞過去分詞3 一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)will/be going to+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形will/be going to+be+過過去分詞去分詞4 過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)would+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形would+be+過去分詞過去

2、分詞5 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞am/is/are+being+過去分過去分詞詞6 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞was/were+being+過去分過去分詞詞7 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+過去分詞過去分詞have/has+been+過去分詞過去分詞8 過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)had+過去分詞過去分詞had+been+過去分詞過去分詞9 含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞過去分詞變化：變化：示例示例The boy broke the glass.The glass was bro

3、ken by the boy.從主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)從主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)1.1.主語主語 介詞介詞by+by+賓語賓語2.2.謂語謂語 加加be,be,并變?yōu)檫^去分詞并變?yōu)檫^去分詞3.3.賓語賓語 主語主語1.They make shoes in the factory.主語主語+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+賓語賓語Shoes are made (by them) in the factory.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：主語主語+am/is /are +過去分詞過去分詞2. They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by

4、 them) last term.一般過去時(shí)：主語一般過去時(shí)：主語+was/were +過去分詞過去分詞3.Tom will clean the room tomorrow.主主謂謂賓賓The room will be cleanedby Tom tomorrow.一般將來時(shí)：主語一般將來時(shí)：主語+will be+過去分詞過去分詞4.Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： 主語主語+ am/is/are + being +過去分詞過去分

5、詞5I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night My homework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)： 主語主語+ was/were+being+過去分詞過去分詞6We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： S+ have/has + been+過去分詞過去分詞7Amy can take good care of Gina Gina can be taken g

6、ood care of by Amy.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：S+ can/may/must/should + be+過去分詞過去分詞am/is/are +done (過去分詞過去分詞) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)2) has /have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 3)am/is /are being done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 4)was/were done 一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí) 5)had been done 過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí) Visitors are asked not to touch the exhibits.(展品）展品）All the preparations fo

7、r the task have been completedA new cinema is being built hereI was given ten minutes to decide.By the end of last year, another new gym had been completed in Beijing. 6)was/were being done 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 7)shall/will be done 一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí) 8） should/would be done 過去將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式 1）帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被

8、動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)）帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)其形式為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞其形式為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be過去分詞。過去分詞。 A meeting was being held when I was there. Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.The baby can be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的問題主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的問題1.把主動(dòng)語態(tài)

9、變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)保留主動(dòng)語態(tài)原來把主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)保留主動(dòng)語態(tài)原來的時(shí)態(tài)。如：的時(shí)態(tài)。如：She often cleans the house. The house is often cleaned by her.2.有些動(dòng)詞可以有雙賓語，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，有些動(dòng)詞可以有雙賓語，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語（通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語（sb.）His mother gave him a present for his birthdayHe was given a present for his birthday by his mother . 帶雙賓語的句子有兩種改法帶

10、雙賓語的句子有兩種改法: 一般情況下一般情況下把指人的賓語作為被動(dòng)句的主語把指人的賓語作為被動(dòng)句的主語.當(dāng)把直接賓語物作為主語時(shí)，要加介詞當(dāng)把直接賓語物作為主語時(shí)，要加介詞to,forpass, show, send 此類動(dòng)詞有：此類動(dòng)詞有：buy如如：givebe given to 此類動(dòng)詞還有：此類動(dòng)詞還有：1. Please pass the book to Lily.The book is passed to Lily by you please.Lily is passed the book.2. He gave me a beautiful present.I was given

11、a beautiful present by him.A beautiful present was given to me .3) 當(dāng)當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+賓語賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動(dòng)將賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動(dòng).Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette(香煙）香煙）=The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役動(dòng)詞）在使役動(dòng)詞have, make, get以及以及感官動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hea

12、r, feel, observe等變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加等變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加toSomeone saw a stranger walk into the building=A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 感官動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞( (hear, see, watch, feel, notice等等) )和使役動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞( (let ,make have等等) )在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中后接不帶后接不帶toto的動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞不定式, ,但是改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)但是改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí), , 把把toto加在動(dòng)詞原形之前加在動(dòng)詞原形之前. .The

13、y made the boys work 12 hours a day.The boys were made to work 12 hours a day.We often see him go for a walk by the river.He is often seen to go for a walk by the river.使役動(dòng)詞和感觀動(dòng)詞主被動(dòng)語態(tài)對照表使役動(dòng)詞和感觀動(dòng)詞主被動(dòng)語態(tài)對照表主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)使役動(dòng)詞make sb do sthsb be made to do sthhave sb do sthsb be had to do sthlet sb do sthsb be

14、 let to do sth感觀動(dòng)詞see sb do sthsb be seen to do sthwatch sb do sthsb be watched to do sthhear sb do sthsb be heard to do sthnotice sb do sthsb be noticed to do sthgo注意注意當(dāng)使用當(dāng)使用see/hear/watch sb doing sthsee/hear/watch sb doing sth時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)， doingdoing保持不變。如：保持不變。如： I saw him going into the

15、shop.(主動(dòng)) He was seen going into the shop.(被動(dòng)) 5) 有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組動(dòng)詞詞組，如如“動(dòng)詞介詞動(dòng)詞介詞”，“動(dòng)詞副詞動(dòng)詞副詞”等，等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。 The meeting is to be put off till FridaySpeak to be spoken toHand in be handed in漢語中含有漢語中含有“據(jù)說據(jù)說”、“據(jù)悉據(jù)悉”、“有人有人說說

16、”、“大家說大家說”等時(shí)。例如：等時(shí)。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.It + be + 過去分詞過去分詞+ that 從句從句It is said that 據(jù)說據(jù)說,It is reported that據(jù)報(bào)道，據(jù)報(bào)道，It is believed that大家相信，大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，大家希望，It is well known that眾所周知，眾所周知，It is th

17、ought that大家認(rèn)為，大家認(rèn)為，It is suggested that據(jù)建議，據(jù)建議，一、系動(dòng)詞一、系動(dòng)詞 taste, smell, feel, sound, prove等可用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。如等可用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。如:1這些花聞起來很香。這些花聞起來很香。2那聽起來很有道理。那聽起來很有道理。3那食物嘗起來很可口。那食物嘗起來很可口。These flowers smell sweet.That sounds very reasonable. The food tastes delicious.二、某些可用來表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能二、某些可用來表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能的不

18、及物動(dòng)詞，如的不及物動(dòng)詞，如 sell, write, wash, clean,last(耐久耐久), wear(耐穿耐穿), 等可用主動(dòng)形式表等可用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義達(dá)被動(dòng)意義. 如如:This kind of food sells well. 這種食物暢銷。這種食物暢銷。This cloth washes well and lasts long. 這布料經(jīng)洗、耐穿。這布料經(jīng)洗、耐穿。The floor doesnt clean easily. 這地板不容易弄干凈。這地板不容易弄干凈。三、形容詞三、形容詞 worth 后面要用動(dòng)名詞的主后面要用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：動(dòng)形式表示被

19、動(dòng)意義。如：1小說值得一讀。小說值得一讀。2事情值得做。事情值得做。The novel is worth reading.The thing is worth doing.四、在動(dòng)詞四、在動(dòng)詞 require, need, want 等動(dòng)詞之等動(dòng)詞之后，可用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。后，可用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。1樹需要澆水。樹需要澆水。2孩子需要照顧。孩子需要照顧。3電視機(jī)需要修理。電視機(jī)需要修理。The trees need watering. Children want looking after.The TV needs mending.五、動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義

20、：五、動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義： 不定式作定語與被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成不定式作定語與被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，如：動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，如：我有許多事情要做。我有許多事情要做。他有幾項(xiàng)任務(wù)要完成。他有幾項(xiàng)任務(wù)要完成。I have a lot of things to do.He has several tasks to complete.在在“系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+形容詞形容詞+不定式不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，結(jié)構(gòu)中，常見句型有：常見句型有： n. +be + too + adj. + to do The plane is too high to see.2) n. +be + adj. + enough

21、 + to do The book is cheap enough for me to buy.3) n. + be + adj. + to do The question is not easy to answer. Practice:1 Must I pay for it at once?_ it _ _ _ at once?2 We will build a new lab.A new lab _ _ _.3 They arent stopping the traffic now.The traffic _ _ _ now.4 How long have you kept the boo

22、k?How long _ the book _ _? Mustbeenpaidforwillbebuiltisntbeenstoppinghasbeenkept5 If your homework _(do) well,you may go to play.6 Mr.Green was seen _ (grow) trees.7 The blackboard was _ (look) carefully by the students.8 The ship model _ be _ (make)in two days.is doneto growlooked atwillmade課堂練習(xí)課堂練

23、習(xí)（一）改寫句子（一）改寫句子1. We plant trees in spring every year. _ by us in spring every year.2. She posted the letter yesterday. _ by her yesterday.3. Mr Turner gave me a birthday present. _a birthday present by Mr Turner.4. He is drawing a picture. _ by him.5. You may hand in your homework tomorrow. _ by yo

24、u tomorrow.6. She is going to write a letter. _ by her.Trees are plantedThe letter was postedI was givenA picture is being drawnYour homework may be handed inA letter is going to be written7. I have given you the new book. _ to you.8. Her bag cannot be found by her. _ her bag.9. Do you often hear he

25、r sing Russian songs? _Russian songs by you?10. She doesnt let her son swim in the river. _ in the river by her.11. The bridge was being built by them at this time last year. _ the bridge at this time last year.12. Does she often sing the song? _ by her?The new book has been givenShe cannot findIs s

26、he often heard to singHer son isnt let to swimThey were buildingIs the song often sung 1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner A are not kept；will have to B are not kept；have C do not keep；will have to D do not keep；have to 2. The fifth generation computers, _an

27、d perfected now. A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed 3. - _ the sports meet might be put off - Yes，it all depends on the weather A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told ACA4. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A. has completed B. complet

28、es C. has been completed D. is completed 5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 6. The new bridge _ by the end of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed

29、D. would be designed7. When part of a pencil is in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken DCBC8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. have ta

30、ken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up 9. That suit _ over 60 dollars. A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost 10. - Look! Everything here is under construction. - Whats the pretty small house that _ for? A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building 11.- Do you like the cloth? - Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt BDAC12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese A write B to w