新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第三電子Book Unit

1、Unit 7Hoping for the betterUnderstanding and LearningOverview This unit discusses the issue of ethics and etiquette, and the seriousness of the issue. Seemingly, newspapers and TV news are telling us that some virtues are vanishing, honesty is going out of style, especially in the academic community

2、, and people are ruder and more insensitive to others in many aspects. Is honesty really out of date? What rude behavior do people have? What forms of dishonesty exist on campus? Is the phenomenon on the rise? What other ethical and etiquette problems are there on and off campus?Text A shows how hon

3、esty is not valued as much as before across all layers of society. There are also different kinds of dishonest behaviors in school, for example, cheating and plagiarism. Students should realize those acts are totally wrong and unethical and they should not do so. Text B discusses various forms of po

4、or etiquette and the reasons behind them. It also calls on us to practice kindness and strive for a better, brighter world for us all.Class activities can be designed to make students review cheating and rude behaviors on and off campus. The teacher may ask students to reflect on whether they have e

5、ver engaged in cheating or rude behaviors. Class discussion about bad behaviors and role-playing are recommended. Before reading Text A, ask students to list dishonest phenomena on campus, and comment on the causes and consequences of each phenomenon. Second, ask students to explore the reasons why

6、cheating is common at college. Third, ask students to discuss some well-known scandals in academia. Finally, let them think about what teachers and students can do respectively to improve the situation.Before reading Text B, students can enumerate the rude deeds that they have observed. Then they ma

7、y discuss possible causes and severe consequences for such deeds. Finally, students should try to provide solutions to todays etiquette problems. As suggested in the Unit project, ask students to write short plays about rude behaviors and do a role-play.Section AWhen honesty disappearsBackground inf

8、ormation1. Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln (1809-1865) was the 16th president of the United States from 1861 to 1865. He led the country through the American Civil War, preserving the Union, ending slavery, and promoting economic and financial development.Brought up in a poor family on a farm in Kent

9、ucky, Lincoln was mostly self-educated. Though without a formal education, his speaking skills and practice in debates won him national recognition. He was elected the US president in 1860. The Civil War began in April 1861when the Southern states declared to withdraw from the Union. In 1863, Lincol

10、n issued the Emancipation Proclamation (解放宣言) and the 13th Amendment to the US Constitution that declared all slaves free men. In 1864, Lincoln was re-elected president for a second term. On April 14, 1865 at Fords Theatre in Washington, D.C., Lincoln was shot and killed by John Wilkes Booth, who wa

11、s a stage actor and strongly opposed the abolition of slavery in the United States.Among American heroes, Lincoln continues to have a unique appeal for his fellow countrymen and also for people of other lands. Lincoln has been consistently regarded as one of the greatest US presidents. The Lincoln M

12、emorial in Washington, D.C., was dedicated to him on May 30, 1922.Detailed study of the text1. As numerous accounts of cheating, lying, and fraud crowd our newspaper pages and TV news, it seems that honesty is a rapidly vanishing value. (Para.1)Meaning: From our newspapers and TV news, we read count

13、less reports about people cheating, lying, and deceiving. Honesty as a valuable merit seems to be disappearing quickly.fraud: n. C, U the crime of deceiving people in order to gain sth. such as money or goods 欺詐；詐騙They said that it was the temptation of money that led them to commit the fraud. 他們說(shuō)正是

14、受到金錢(qián)的誘惑他們才去行騙的。crowd: vt. If people or things crowd a place, there are a lot of them there 擠滿(mǎn)；塞滿(mǎn)Thanksgiving shoppers crowded the department store. 那家百貨大樓里擠滿(mǎn)了感恩節(jié)的購(gòu)物者。2. And the reports indicate that, around the globe, corruption and dishonesty are so widespread that the health and well-being of soci

15、ety are at risk. (Para.1)Meaning: And the reports show that immoral and dishonest behaviors are so common worldwide that the world may become less healthy and less comfortable to live in. corruption: n. U dishonest, illegal, or immoral behavior, esp. from sb. with power (尤指有權(quán)勢(shì)者的) 貪污，賄賂，受賄，腐敗We think

16、 all governments should serve their people and seek to end corruption. 我們認(rèn)為所有的政府都應(yīng)該服務(wù)于人民，并且力求消除腐敗。well-being: n. U a feeling of being comfortable, healthy, and happy 舒適；健康；幸福Being fully employed can do wonders for your sense of well-being. 整日忙忙碌碌能神奇地讓你有一種幸福感。 3. Those reports include stories such as

17、 the students who faced criminal charges for selling in advance copies of a university final exam, a student who was expelled when he turned in a term paper with the purchase receipt for it still inside the pages, and a clerk who ran his own Christmas cards through the office postage meter and was f

18、ound out when he sent one of the cards to the company treasurer! (Para. 1)Meaning: These reports contain the following stories: the students were accused because they sold copies of a university final exam paper before the final exam; a student was forced to leave university permanently because he b

19、ought a term paper and submitted it with the purchase receipt still left inside the pages; and a clerk used the office postage meter to mail his own Christmas cards, and his cheating behavior was discovered when he sent one of the Christmas cards to the company treasurer!expel: vt. Officially force

20、sb. To leave a place or organization because of their bad behavior 強(qiáng)迫（某人）離開(kāi)；驅(qū)逐；開(kāi)除Two senior students have been expelled for cheating on the final exam. 兩名大四學(xué)生因?yàn)樵谄谀┛荚嚂r(shí)作弊而被學(xué)校開(kāi)除。turn in: (BrE hand in) give a piece of work you have done to a teacher, your employer, etc. 上交I cant go to movies with you. I

21、 have an assignment to turn in tomorrow. 我不能和你去看電影。我明天還有作業(yè)要交呢。purchase: n. C, U (fml.) sth. you buy, or the act of buying it 購(gòu)買(mǎi)（的東西）Advertisers need to learn what will motivate people to make a purchase. 廣告商需要了解什么會(huì)刺激人們買(mǎi)東西。vt. (fml.) buy sth. 購(gòu)買(mǎi)The museum is trying to raise enough money to purchase a

22、 painting by van Gogh. 這家博物館正在努力籌集資金去購(gòu)買(mǎi)梵·高的一幅畫(huà)。treasurer: n. C sb. who is officially responsible for the money for an organization, club, political party, etc. 財(cái)務(wù)主管；司庫(kù)4. We have all read or heard accounts such as these, not to mention the stories of dishonesty amongst all layers of society as e

23、xemplified by consumers who steal and politicians who demand bribes. (Para. 1)Meaning: We have all read or heard stories like these, not even to talk about more disgraceful stories of dishonesty at every level of society, for example, customers stealing things and politicians illegally asking for mo

24、ney or gifts.not to mention sth.: used to introduce an additional thing that makes a situation even more difficult, surprising, interesting, etc. 更不用說(shuō)某事了。He owns a lot of property in New York, not to mention several luxurious cars. 他在紐約有很多財(cái)產(chǎn)，更不必說(shuō)擁有好幾輛豪車(chē)了。layer: n. C 1) a level or rank within an orga

25、nization or system (組織或體系中的)層，級(jí)別，階層There are too many layers of management in the company to make a quick decision. 公司有太多的管理層，無(wú)法迅速做出決定。2) an amount or piece of a material or substance that covers a surface or that is between two other things 表層；層The boys began to dig and were surprised when they dis

26、covered a layer of stones. 男孩子們開(kāi)始挖掘，而且驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)了一層石塊。exemplify: vt. 1) be a typical example of sth. 作為的范例；當(dāng)做的典型Mark Twains novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer exemplifies 19th-century life in the United States. 馬克·吐溫的小說(shuō)湯姆·索亞歷險(xiǎn)記體現(xiàn)了19世紀(jì)美國(guó)的生活。2) give an example of sth. 舉例說(shuō)明I will exemplify my poin

27、t with a story. 我將用一個(gè)故事來(lái)說(shuō)明我的觀點(diǎn)。bribe: n. C money or a gift that you illegally give sb. to persuade them to do sth. for you 賄賂It was said that he always refused to take bribes while in office. 據(jù)說(shuō)他在執(zhí)政時(shí)一直拒絕受賄。vt. illegally give sb. esp. a public official, money or a gift in order to persuade them to do

28、 sth. for you 賄賂；收買(mǎi)He was bribed into giving secret information of his company to another company. 他被收買(mǎi)而把公司的機(jī)密泄露給了另一家公司。5. Travelers ripped off so many towels last year that it cost a major hotel chain $3 million to replace them. Especially troubling are the reports that dishonesty is increasing amo

29、ngst student populations around the world. (Para.1)rip:vt. remove sth. quickly by pulling hard 撕掉；扯掉Gilly ripped out a sheet of paper from Marys notebook to take notes. 吉利從瑪麗的筆記本上撕下一頁(yè)紙記筆記。v. teat sth. or be torn quickly and violently 撕；扯；被撕裂；被扯開(kāi)I ripped my jeans on the fence when I tried jumping ove

30、r it. 當(dāng)我試著要跳過(guò)柵欄時(shí)，我的牛仔褲被撕破了。rip off: (infml.)1) steal sth. 盜竊He walked into the store and ripped off a pair of gloves. 他走進(jìn)商店，偷了一副手套。2) charge sb. too much money for sth. 敲竹杠Tourists are worried theyll get ripped off. 游客們擔(dān)心被敲竹杠。Note: In the sentence chain refers to a number of shops, hotels, cinemas,

31、etc. owned or managed by the same company or person. For example: a chain of restaurants/a restaurant chain 連鎖飯店Usage Note Especially, specially1. especially是副詞，表示“尤其；特別；格外”，通常用來(lái)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或者對(duì)前面的陳述作進(jìn)一步的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，可以用在名詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或者從句等的前面。例如：He was kind to his staff, especially those who were sick or in trouble. 他

32、對(duì)員工非常好，尤其是對(duì)那些生病的或者遇到麻煩的員工。Feedback is especially important in learning skills. 反饋意見(jiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)技能的過(guò)程中尤其重要。This is a very common word, especially in spoken English. 這是一個(gè)很常用的詞， 尤其是在英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中。Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep. 噪音使人不舒服，尤其是當(dāng)你想要入睡時(shí)。注意：especially 不可用與句首。例如：He loves fruit. He

33、especially likes kiwi. (Not: Especially he likes)他愛(ài)吃水果，尤其喜歡獼猴桃。2.specially是副詞，表示“專(zhuān)門(mén)地；特意”，強(qiáng)調(diào)唯一的目的。例如：She returned to her hometown specially to see her mother. 她特地回家鄉(xiāng)看望母親。6. But are these reports truly accurate or do they exaggerate the situation? (Para.2)Meaning: But are these reports correct and exa

34、ct or do they make the situation look worse than it really is?accurate: a. correct and true in every detail 正確的；準(zhǔn)確的Accurate records about this accident must be kept for further investigation. 必須準(zhǔn)確記錄這次事故，以便以后進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步調(diào)查。exaggerate: v. make sth. seem better, larger, worse, etc. than it really is 夸大；夸張；言過(guò)其

35、實(shí)Shelly admitted that she did sometimes exaggerate the difficulty of her job. 謝莉承認(rèn)，她有時(shí)候確實(shí)夸大了自己的工作難度。7. Should we be alarmed by these accounts of falling standards of principles and morality? (Para. 2)Meaning: Should we feel worried when hearing these reports that the standards of moral beliefs and i

36、deas are declining?alarmed: a. (not usu. before noun) frightened or worried that sth. unpleasant or dangerous might happen 驚恐的；憂慮的；擔(dān)心的Many people were alarmed by the news reports about the bird flu. 許多人都對(duì)于禽流感的新聞報(bào)道感到很恐慌。principle: n.1) C,U a moral rule or belief about what is right and wrong, that in

37、fluences how you behave 道德原則；行為準(zhǔn)則It would be against my principles to lie to my parents about anything. 對(duì)父母撒任何謊都是違背我的原則的。2) C the basic idea that a plan or system is based on 原則；原理；基本的觀念He recommended a textbook which teaches the basic principles of geometry. 他推薦了一本有關(guān)幾何學(xué)基本原理的課本。morality: n. U belief

38、s or ideas about what is right and wrong and about how people should behave 道德；道德觀Unemployment is not the issue; the real problem is the decline in public morality. 失業(yè)并不是問(wèn)題，真正的問(wèn)題是公眾道德水平的下降。8. The assumption is that student dishonesty is more extensive now than it was 20, 50, 100 years ago. If so, wh

39、ats behind it? (Para. 2)Meaning: It is believed that student dishonesty is now more widespread than it was 20, 50, 100 years ago. If this is true, what causes this phenomenon?extensive: a. 1) large in size, amount, or degree 廣闊的；大量的；大規(guī)模的Extensive repair work is going to begin soon. 大規(guī)模的修繕工作很快就要開(kāi)始了。2

40、) containing or dealing with a lot of information and details 廣泛的；全面的He tried to impress us with his extensive knowledge of wine. 他試圖用他豐富的葡萄酒知識(shí)來(lái)給我們留下深刻印象。behind: prep. used for talking about the hidden reason for sth. 在背后（用于表示某事背后的原因）I wonder whats behind this charge of his plan. 我想知道他改變計(jì)劃的原因是什么。9.

41、If this is indeed the case, its deeply troubling as todays students are tomorrows leaders! (Para. 2)Meaning: If such a situation does exist, it is very worrying because todays students will become leaders in the future!If this/that is the case: used to describe what you will do, or what will happen,

42、 as a result of a particular situation or event 如果是這樣、那樣的話He said he did not come because he had a family emergency. If thats the case, I will apologize to him for my harsh words. 他說(shuō)他沒(méi)來(lái)是因?yàn)榧依锍隽思笔?。如果是那樣的話，我?huì)為我說(shuō)了那些傷人的話而向他道歉。10. Its possible that the desire to cheat is no greater than in the past. Howev

43、er, the critical importance of having a university degree may have increased the pressure to cheat in academic environments. (Para. 2)Meaning: Its possible that nowadays peoples desire to cheat has not become stronger than in the past. However, since it is extremely important to obtain a university

44、degree, this may cause greater pressure for students to cheat in studies.Usage Noteno greater than 是一種特殊形式的比較級(jí)，由“no+形容詞比較級(jí)+than”構(gòu)成。例如：She is no taller than her younger sister. 她不比她妹妹高。Collocation NoteIn this sentence, we come across a collocation academic environments. The word academic is a very ac

45、tive word. We can also say academic community, academic setting, academic misconduct, etc.11. Undoubtedly, modern technology facilitates the means and opportunities to cheat. (Para. 2)Meaning: Certainly, modern technology provides students with more convenient ways and chance to cheat.facilitate: vt

46、. (fml.) make it easier for a process or activity to happen 促進(jìn)；使便利The development of the Internet greatly facilitates peoples communication. 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展大大方便了人們之間的交流。means: n. C (pl. means) a way of doing or achieving sth. 手段；方法；工具The move is a means to fight crime. 這個(gè)行動(dòng)是打擊犯罪的一個(gè)手段。12. The demanding task o

47、f writing term papers has always been a source of tense nerves and frustration, if not the ultimate homework night mare. (Para. 2)Meaning: Although the difficult task of writing term papers may not be the most terrible homework, it is so challenging that it has been making students feel very worried

48、, annoyed, upset, and impatient.nerve: n.1) (s) pl. a worried feeling that makes you afraid that you will not be able to do sth. well 精神緊張；焦慮不安；神經(jīng)質(zhì)Calm your tense nerves by deep breathing, not by having another drink. 用深呼吸來(lái)緩解你的緊張不安，而不是再繼續(xù)喝酒。2) C 神經(jīng)frustrate: vt. make sb. feel annoyed and impatient b

49、y preventing them from doing or getting sth. 阻撓；使煩惱；使灰心If you give a child a math problem that is hard to solve, you may frustrate him. 如果你讓一個(gè)孩子做太難的數(shù)學(xué)題，你會(huì)使他氣餒的。frustration: n. C, U the feeling of being annoyed, upset, or impatient, because you cannot control or change a situation, or achieve sth. 懊喪

50、；懊惱；沮喪I was close to tears with frustration, but I held back. 我沮喪得快要哭出來(lái)，但我忍住了。ultimate: a. (only before noun)1) better, bigger, worse, etc. than all other things or people of the same kind 最出色的；最大的；最糟糕的In the war, he gave his life and thereby paid the ultimate price. 他在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中犧牲了，因此付出了最大的代價(jià)。2) sb.s ulti

51、mate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in the future （目標(biāo)等）最終的，首要的His ultimate goal at the moment is to go and study out of the country. 現(xiàn)在他的首要目標(biāo)是去國(guó)外讀書(shū)。3) happening at the end of a process or activity 最終的；最后的The ultimate outcome of the experiment cannot be predicted.

52、 實(shí)驗(yàn)的最后結(jié)果無(wú)法預(yù)測(cè)。Usage NoteIn this sentence the conjunction if has a special usage. It is used when you are adding that something may be even more, less, better, worse, etc. than you have just said. For example:The snow is so deep, making it difficult, if no impossible, to get the car out of the garage.

53、 雪很厚，要把車(chē)從車(chē)庫(kù)里開(kāi)出來(lái)雖說(shuō)不是不可能，但是很困難。13. But now, with Internet access, illegal resources are just a few links away. (Pare. 2)Meaning: But now, with the use of the Internet, one can obtain unlawful resources just by clicking on a website.illegal: a. not allowed by the law 違法的In some countries, it is illegal

54、 to sell tobacco to someone under 16. 在有些國(guó)家，出手煙草給16歲以下者是違法的。14. Modern students who want to fake a term paper dont have to browse long. (Para. 3)Meaning: Nowadays, students dont need to spend a long time “stealing” online papers and ideas to be used in their own term paper. fake: vt. make sth. seem

55、real in order to deceive people 偽造；仿造The criminal faked an identity card to avoid investigation, but he was caught eventually. 這名罪犯?jìng)卧炝艘粋€(gè)假身份證來(lái)逃避調(diào)查，但他最終還是被抓住了。n. C a copy of a valuable object, painting, etc. that is intended to deceive people 贗品；假貨The painting he bought online was proved to be a fake.

56、 他在網(wǎng)上買(mǎi)的這幅畫(huà)被證實(shí)是贗品。a. (usu. before noun) made to look like a real material or object in order to deceive people 偽造的；冒充的The bank uses special machines to detect fake money. 銀行用特殊的機(jī)器來(lái)識(shí)別假鈔。browse: v. 1) search for information on a computer or on the Internet （在計(jì)算機(jī)或因特網(wǎng)上）瀏覽（信息）Students browsed the Internet

57、 for information on the assigned topic. 學(xué)生們?yōu)g覽互聯(lián)網(wǎng)以查找與作用題目相關(guān)的信息。2) look at the goods in a shop without wanting to buy any particular thing （在商店里）隨便看看The tourists were given enough time to browse around the fashion shops in Paris. 給游客們留出了足夠的時(shí)間在巴黎逛時(shí)裝店。vi. look through the pages of a book, magazine, etc.

58、 without a particular purpose, just looking at the most interesting parts. 隨意翻閱；瀏覽On weekends Mike likes to browse through magazines in the library. 周末麥克喜歡在圖書(shū)館里瀏覽雜志。15. They only have to locate the appropriate website, purchase or order online papers, or even download them for free. (Para. 3)Meaning: They only need to find the right website, buy or order papers from it, or even download them without paying any money. locate: vt.1) find the exact position of sth. 找出的準(zhǔn)確位置X-r