新視角英語第二冊翻譯

1、UNIT 1.1.那位教授很可能在他唯一的學生缺席的情況下對著空空的教室講了一課。 The professor might probably have delivered his lecture to the empty classroom in the absence of his solitary student. 2. 現(xiàn)行的教育體制遭到了公眾的批評，公眾已經(jīng)開始意識到這種體制給學生帶來的危害。The present educational system has been under attack from the public, who have begun to realize th

2、e harm the system has done to students. 3.老師告訴這些大四學生他每次都會點名，因為這門課是必須要聽的。The professor told those seniors that he would take attendance every time because attendance at this course was compulsory. 4. 我真想?yún)⒓幽愕膯踢w聚會。但是很抱歉我無法去, 因為我有一大堆事情要做。Id love to go to your housewarming party, but Im sorry I cant make

3、 it because Ive got a stack of things to do. 5. 中學輟學的年青人可以上夜?；蛲ㄟ^電大和函授課程恢復他們的學業(yè)。Youths who dropped out of middle school can resume their studies at night school or through television and correspondence courses. 6. 她不喜歡那位著名作家的講座，但她為了在講座后得到他的簽名還是耐著性子聽完了。She didnt like the famous writers lecture, but sh

4、e stuck it out to get the writers autograph after the lecture. 7. 我對講座制所體現(xiàn)的冷漠無情非常失望，但是最終我還是無奈接受了它，并耐心等待成為大三的學生。I was disappointed at the impersonality of the lecture system, but eventually I grew resigned to the system and waited patiently to become a junior. 8. 我們不得不承認講座體制會把教師和學生天真的問題隔絕開來，而這些問題很可能會

5、引起學生很多有用的想法。We have to admit that the lecture system insulates a teacher from students naive questions, which could have triggered a line of useful thought. 9. 我不同意那些評論家的意見。你得出的結論絕不是沒有價值的。對我而言，這些結論很有道理。I dont agree with those critics opinions. Your conclusions are far from worthless; they make a goo

6、d deal of sense to me. 10.為了學生本身的緣故，應該在第一節(jié)課就告訴他們這門課的目的，內容以及要通過這門課的要求。For the sake of the students, they should be told on the first class about the objective and content of the course and the requirements to pass the course. 英譯漢：One problem with lectures is that listening intelligently is hard work.

7、 Reading the same material in a textbook is a more efficient way to learn because students can proceed as slowly as they need to until the subject matter becomes clear to them.聽講課存在的一個問題是：會聽是很難的事。閱讀課本中的相同內容是更有效的學習方法，因為學生可以根據(jù)其需要慢慢閱讀直到他們理解這些內容。 Even simply paying attention is very difficult; people ca

8、n listen at a rate of four hundred to six hundred words a minute, while the most impassioned professor talks at scarcely a third of that speed. This time lag between speech and comprehension leads to daydreaming. 有時甚至僅僅做到專心聽講都很難。人們可以以每分鐘400-600個字的速度聽，而最富有激情的教授說話的速度也很難達到這個速度的1/3。講話和理解之間的時間差導致開小差。 Man

9、y students believe years of watching television have sabotaged their attention span, but their real problem is that listening attentively is much harder than they think. 很多學生認為多年來看電視已經(jīng)削弱了他們保持注意力的能力。但是他們真正的問題是專心聽課比他們認為的要難得多。 Lectures will never entirely disappear from the university scene both becaus

10、e they seem to be economically necessary and because they spring from a long tradition in a setting that values tradition for its own sake. But the lectures too frequently come at the wrong end of the students educational careers during the first two years, when they most need close, even individual

11、, instruction. 講課這一方式不會完全從大學消失。一是因為講課似乎從經(jīng)濟上是必需的，二是講課起源于悠久的傳統(tǒng)，而且人們又把傳統(tǒng)本身看得很重。但是，講課通常出現(xiàn)在學生接受教育生涯的錯誤的那一端在大學的第一和第二年，那時他們最需要密切的、甚至是針對個體需要的指導。 If lecture classes were restricted to juniors and seniors, who are less in need of scholarly nurturing and more able to prepare work on their own, they would be fa

12、r less destructive of students interests and enthusiasms than the present system. After all, students must learn to listen before they can listen to learn. 如果講課這一形式局限于三、四年級的學生，則對學生的興趣和熱情的破壞力會比目前的制度小得多，因為三、四年級的學生不太需要學科上的指導與幫助，而且更有能力自己制定學習計劃。畢竟，學生在能夠從聽講課中學到知識之前必須先要學會去聽。 UNIT 21.這一地區(qū)的每一角落都將在5年內得到供電, 這是

13、電力部長2年前許下的諾言。Every nook and corner of the region would be provided with electricity in five years. This was the pledge that the minister of electricity had taken two years ago.2.由于要在不同地區(qū)做實地考察工作, 他去年一年搬了4次家，雖然他每次都搬得很不情愿。In order to do field work at different places, he moved four times last year, tho

14、ugh each time he did it with an ill grace.3.在離開這個雜亂無序、毒品充斥的小鎮(zhèn)前，他把自己所有值錢的家當都放到一起并按一定的秩序存放了起來。Before leaving this disordered, drug-ridden small town, he gathered together in one place all his valuable possessions and introduced some semblance of order among them.4.她小時候家境貧寒，沒有幾件對她來說有意義的東西，所以她擁有過的每一個玩具都

15、能勾起她串串回憶Her family was poor when she was a child. The things that mattered a great deal to her were very few. Therefore, every toy she had played with could evoke a rush of memories.5.整整一個小時，警察們在擁擠的樓群里艱難地行進，尋找一位射殺了5人的在逃持槍者。For an hour, policemen threaded their way through the crowded buildings, look

16、ing for an elusive gunman who had shot five people.6.對很多人來說，旅行或離家外出一段時日是應對日常單調乏味生活的一個有效手段。For many people, traveling or staying away from home for some time is an effective antidote to the humdrum activities of everyday life.7.當今婦女比以前享有更加自由、獨立的地位，因此她們越來越不愿意屈從于丈夫的專橫暴虐。Women today enjoy a freer, more

17、independent position than ever before, and are accordingly less and less willing to submit to the tyranny of their husbands.8.心絞痛常常是心臟病的前兆，需要特別治療，主要是藥物治療。Angina pectoris is often a prelude to a heart attack and requires special treatment, primarily with drugs.9.我們決定挖空這些大圓木，以便更多的人能坐在里面并乘坐他們順河而下。We de

18、cide to hollow out the great logs so that more men could sit inside them and ride in them down the river.10.這場大火把宮殿里所有東西都毀掉了。沒有一件華麗的鑲嵌著金銀的家具幸存下來。The fire destroyed everything in the palace. Nothing of the magnificent furniture, studded with gold and silver, has survived.英譯漢：Most of us associate very

19、 strongly with the place of our birth or the place we have learned to call home. It can hurt very much not to be able to go there physically in order to feel secure.我們大多數(shù)人都把自己同自己的出生地或我們稱之為家的地方緊密相聯(lián)。不能回家以獲得安全感是令人痛苦的。Other students are very excited in the beginning only to find, after several weeks, th

20、at they are starting to miss what was familiar and wish for a visit with friends and family.別的學生一開始很興奮，幾周后卻發(fā)現(xiàn)自己開始想念所熟知的事物，并希望見到朋友和家人。Homesickness can strike any of us when we have moved to new surroundings and are being called upon to meet our needs in a different way and with different people.當我們搬遷

21、到新的環(huán)境，需要以不同方式與不同的人交往以滿足自己的需要的時候, 我們每個人都會有想家的感覺。Sometimes it can become a more serious depression if the person cannot begin to meet his/her needs for love and belonging with new people.有時, 如果這個人開始對愛的需要不能得到滿足，想融入新群體的愿望又不能實現(xiàn), 那么想家就可能會導致更嚴重的憂郁癥。Often, homesickness is another way of saying we are scared

22、 to face the future, or that were doubting our ability to cope.通常, 想家是另一種表明我們害怕面對未來或懷疑自己應對能力的方式。UNIT 31.由生物多樣性的喪失而引起的對人類和地球的威脅和由氣候變化所帶來的危險一樣大。The threat to humanity and the planet posed by biodiversity loss is as great as the dangers presented by climate change.2.收到年輕讀者表達他們對被囚動物的關心的信，并詢問他們能幫助做什么，我們總

23、是很高興。We are always happy to hear from young readers expressing concern for animals in captivity and asking what they can do to help.3.這兩個最盛行的理論都認為恐龍之所以滅絕是因為地球大氣和溫度的變化而造成的。The two most popular theories both say that dinosaurs died out because of changes in the earths atmosphere and temperature.4.這場森林

24、大火最終被消防隊所控制住了，花費將近50萬美元。The forest fire was finally brought under control by the fire-fighting crews at a cost of nearly half a million dollars.5.植物根莖能夠固定土壤，使之不會被雨水沖蝕。Plant roots can hold the soil in position and prevent it from being washed away by the rain water.6.健康的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)以能源、營養(yǎng)物質、有機物質和水的可持續(xù)更替為特點。H

25、ealthy ecosystems are characterized by sustainable turnovers of energy, nutrients, organic matter and water.7. 在世界野生動物基金會一份新的報告中，科學家警告說全球變暖可能在今后20年中滅絕北極熊。In a new report by the WWF, scientists have warned that global warming could kill off polar bears within the next 20 years.8. 犁過的地對流水沒有防范能力，因而珍貴的表

26、土常常在大雨和洪水中被沖走。Plowed fields dont have any protection against running water, and often the valuable topsoil is carried away during heavy rains or floods.9.這個花園比前兩天要安靜多了，但周圍還是有很多各式各樣的鳥。The garden was considerably quieter than it had been the previous two days, but there were still a good variety of bi

27、rds around.10.盡管有不同的預計， 但總體上人們認為用于制作現(xiàn)代藥品的活性成分有大約30%到40%是從植物中提取的，或同植物有關。While estimates differ, it is generally believed that around 30%40% of the active ingredients used in modern medicines are derived from, or related to, plants.英譯漢：One of these reasons is that each life-form occupies a special pla

28、ce within its ecosystem that is, its community of plant and animal life, in combination with the nonliving components of its environment such as the climate, soil, water, and air. 理由之一是, 每個物種在它所處的由所有動植物和無生命的氣候、土壤、水和空氣等組成的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中都占有一個特殊的地位。For instance, within a forest the larger trees drop off little

29、twigs and debris, making a layer that holds water in the soil for other plants to use. The roots hold the soil and prevent it from washing away in rainstorms. 例如, 在森林中，較高的樹掉下的殘枝在土壤中形成一個水份保持層，供其它植物利用。它們的根可以固定土壤，防止土壤被暴雨沖走。Whether living or dead, the tree provides shelter for animals and birds and food

30、 for insects. As the dead tree rots away, it enriches the soil of the forest floor, enabling other plants to spring up in its place. 無論是活樹還是枯樹都可以為動物和鳥提供棲息地，為昆蟲提供食物?？輼涓癄€以后還可以肥沃森林的土壤，得以使其它植物從原處拔地而出。Such large trees are an example of what we call keystone species; if they disappeared from their ecosyst

31、em, the consequences would be felt throughout the community of other species living in the forest. “The loss of a keystone species is like a drill accidentally striking a powerline,” says biologist Edward Wilson of Harvard University. “It causes lights to go out all over.”這樣的大樹就是我們所說的主要物種; 如果它們從生態(tài)系統(tǒng)

32、中消失,其后果會遍及所有居住在森林的其它物種。哈佛大學的生物學家愛德華·威爾遜說：“一個主要物種的消失就像鉆頭意外地鉆斷電線，導致四處斷電?！盌uring the current sixth great extinction, three species of life-forms are dying out every hour, or 74 per day, which equals 27,000 each year. Some of these and we dont even know which ones are undoubtedly keystone species.

33、在當前第六次“大滅絕”時期, 每小時平均有三個物種滅絕，也就是每天有74 個物種滅絕, 每年合計達27,000 個。其中有些物種雖然我們不確定是哪些毫無疑問是主要物種。UNIT 41.經(jīng)過五年的實踐, 他現(xiàn)在對同國際投資和貿(mào)易相關的法律事務已很在行了。Having practiced for about 5 years,he is now adept at legal issues relating to international investment and trade.2.根據(jù)一項調查，X一代對退休后依靠社會保障持懷疑態(tài)度。和先輩們相比，他們早已開始在為退休而省錢了。According

34、to a survey, Gen Xers are skeptical about relying on Social Security when they retire. They began saving for retirement early compared with their predecessors.3. 通過這種輕松舒適的腳摩治療，你白天所有的煩惱壓力好象都消失了。All the cares and stresses of your day seem to fade away under the relaxing and comfortable treatment of fo

35、ot massage.4. 研究表明大部分員工都很看重他們卓有成效的工作能夠得到認可或贊賞。Studies show that most employees place a high value on being recognized or being complemented for a job well done.5. 急診室里擠滿了來看常見病的病人，因為他們沒有固定的醫(yī)生。Emergency rooms were clogged with patients who came for treatment of relatively routine medical problems beca

36、use they didnt have a regular doctor.6. 任何一個試圖訓練或幫助一名新技術經(jīng)理轉變角色成為領導的人都可以從這本書中獲得有用的想法。Anyone trying to coach or help a new technical manager make the transition to a leadership role can get useful ideas from this book.7. 大多數(shù)時候如果你走捷徑完成一個項目，結果則需要你做一些修補工作,而其所花的時間會是你走捷徑所省下的時間的兩倍。Most of the time when you

37、take a short cut for completing a project you will end up doing some repair work later that will take double the time you saved by the short cut.8. 那些不能在個人和職業(yè)生活之間設置合理界限的員工是不能理解生活和工作的意義的。Employees who fail to set appropriate boundaries between their personal and professional lives will not be able to

38、 understand the meaning of life and work.9. 這一運動的目的是訓練人們在面對危險時有序而職業(yè)地作出反應。The purpose of the exercise was to train staff to react in a disciplined and professional manner when in the presence of danger.10. 大多數(shù)X一代人都有放棄職業(yè)發(fā)展而花費更多時間來陪妻子和孩子的愿望,特別是在他們孩子還小的那幾年。英譯漢：Most Gen Xers have the desire to forgo care

39、er advancement for more time with their wife and children, especially in the early years of their childrens lives.Gen Xers, on the other hand, watched the sacrifices that their parents made to move up the career ladder, only to be met with massive layoffs in American corporations.然而，X一代人目睹了他們的父母為了職業(yè)

40、晉升而做出犧牲，結果卻遭遇了美國公司的大量裁員。These different perspectives can often lead to clashes in the workplace. Each group is prone to generalizations about the other.這些不同的觀點視角常常導致工作中的沖突。他們彼此都易于把對方概念化。Gen Xers see no reason to pay their dues because they can get the job done better and faster and still have time f

41、or their lifestyles and family.X一代人認為自己沒有理由要盡職苦干，因為他們能把工作做得又好又快，而且仍有時間來休閑和陪伴家人。Some would say the only solution is the legal system, where age-bias lawsuits may rise as boomers age.有人會說唯一的解決辦法是通過司法體系，因為隨著嬰兒潮時期的人不斷變老，與年齡歧視有關的訴訟可能會增加。But history will repeat itself as the baby boomers leave the workfor

42、ce, the Gen Xers rise to power and generation Y employees come on the scene.但是，歷史就是如此循還往復 隨著嬰兒潮時期出生的人開始退休，X一代開始掌權，Y一代開始步入社會。UNIT 51.人們認為年輕人最好在事業(yè)有成之后再結婚，過安定的生活。It is considered desirable for young people to get married and settle down only after they are established in their jobs.2. 她的丈夫是個非常顧家的人，每天都花

43、很多時間做飯,打掃衛(wèi)生、照顧三個正在上學的 孩子。Her husband is a very domestic person, spending a lot of time everyday in cooking, cleaning and caring for their three school-age children.3. 現(xiàn)在的年輕人具有與他們的父母截然不同的價值觀和期望，他們認為個人享樂比家庭責 任更重要。Todays young people have completely different values and expectations from their parents,

44、 giving higher priority to personal pleasure over family obligations.4. 從社會角度看，婦女一輩子當全職家庭主婦是不明智的，更不要說受過良好教育的婦女了。From societys viewpoint, it does not make sense for women, much less well educated women, to be full-time homemakers for a lifetime.5. 二十幾歲的單身男女認為同居是婚前考察未來伴侶品質、習慣的途徑。可是婚前同居已證明與較高的離婚風險相關聯(lián)。S

45、ingles in their twenties see cohabitation as a way to investigate a prospective partners character and habits before marriage. But premarital cohabitation has proven to be associated with a higher divorce risk.6. 為了兒童的福利，政府應該制定政策，為父母提供兼職、臨時和彈性工作時間的工作機會以及帶薪育兒假。In the interest of child welfare, govern

46、ment should institute policies to provide part-time, temporary and flextime job opportunities and paid parental leave for parents.7. 著眼于建立牢固持久的婚姻關系，夫妻在發(fā)生摩擦時應該相互體諒。With an eye toward forming strong and lasting marital unions, couples should make allowances for each other, when there is friction betwe

47、en them.8. 考慮到離婚率很高，已婚母親如果長期脫離勞動力市場就將自擔風險 一旦她們的婚姻以離婚告終，她們將遭受嚴重的經(jīng)濟損失。Given the high divorce rate, married mothers leave the labor market for an extended period of time at their own peril they will suffer severe economic loss if their marriage ends in divorce.9. 父母與子女之間的關系是一種非常特殊的關系。父母為子女所做出的犧牲是無法用金錢補

48、償?shù)?。The bond between child and parent is a very special one. Money can not make up for the sacrifices parents have made for their children.10.勞動人口中男女平等日益增強為女性在事業(yè)上實現(xiàn)自己的抱負提供了史無前例的機遇。Increasing gender equality in the work force provides women historically unprecedented opportunities for personal fulfil

49、lment in their careers.英譯漢：Male breadwinning and female childrearing have been the pattern of social life throughout history, albeit not always in quite so extreme a form as found in modern societies over the past century and a half.男人掙錢養(yǎng)家、女人生兒育女是有史以來天經(jīng)地義的社會生活模式，雖然這種模式并不總如過去一個半世紀現(xiàn)代社會中表現(xiàn)得那樣極端。Except

50、perhaps for adult pair-bonds in which no young children are involved, where much social experimentation is possible, it is foolhardy to think that the nuclear family can or should be entirely scrapped. 也許除了在沒有年幼兒童的成人伴侶中可以進行很多社會實驗，認為核心家庭可以或者應該被完全拋棄是極其魯莽的。When children become a part of the equation, f

51、undamental biological and social constraints come into play such as the importance of mothers to young children and central elements of the nuclear family are dismissed at societys peril. 當孩子成為綜合考慮因素的一部分時，基本的生理和社會限制就開始發(fā)揮作用比如母親對幼小兒童的重要性如果拋棄核心家庭的中心元素，社會將會承擔極大的風險。Rather than strive for androgyny and be

52、 continuously frustrated and unsettled by our lack of achievement of it, we would do much better to more readily acknowledge, accommodate, and appreciate the very different needs, sexual interests, values, and goals of each sex.與其努力同時承擔男性掙錢養(yǎng)家和女性生兒育女的雙重責任，并為自己不能達到目的而不斷地感到失望和不安，不如我們更坦然地承認、考慮、并欣賞不同性別的截

53、然不同的需求、性興趣、價值觀和目標，這樣我們會做得更好。And rather than the unisex pursuit of “freedom with a male bias,” we should be doing more to foster a culture in which the traditional female values of relationship and caring are given a higher priority and respect. (Para. 13)與其不分男女都追求“具有男性偏向的自由”，我們應該做更多的工作來促進一種社會文化：給予注重

54、家庭親情關系和養(yǎng)育子女的傳統(tǒng)女性價值觀更多的重視和尊重。In a much modified form, then, traditional marital gender roles are necessary if the good of society and of individuals are to be advanced. (Para. 14)因此，如果要推進社會以及個人的利益，經(jīng)過改良的傳統(tǒng)婚姻性別角色是必要的。UNIT 71.美國人渴望新的未開發(fā)地帶，在那里他們可以擺脫任何束縛，自由自在。Americans hanker after new frontiers where the

55、y can be free of any constraints and be themselves.2.令年輕人神往的正是在網(wǎng)上沖浪時獲得的那種自由的感覺。What captures young peoples imagination is precisely the sense of freedom they get while surfing the Internet.3.不論種族、文化和社會經(jīng)濟地位，每個人都能夠在網(wǎng)絡空間找到一個由與自己志趣相投的人所組成的社區(qū)。Regardless of their race, culture and socioeconomic status, ev

56、eryone can find a community of likeminded people in cyberspace.4.虛擬社區(qū)寧愿由自己而不是由世俗政府建立和執(zhí)行社區(qū)行為規(guī)范。Virtual communities prefer to set and enforce community standards by themselves rather than by the terrestrial government.5.網(wǎng)絡空間類似于現(xiàn)實世界，包括從購物中心、學校區(qū)到紅燈區(qū)等各種各樣的地方。Cyberspace is akin to the terrestrial world, w

57、hich includes various places ranging from shopping malls, school districts to red-light zones.6.只有滿足自己成員需要的網(wǎng)絡社區(qū)才能夠繁榮興旺。Only cyberspace communities that cater to the needs of their members will prosper.7.隨著遠距離通信技術的發(fā)展，世界不久將聯(lián)合成為一個地球村。With the development of telecommunications technology, the union of t

58、he world into a global village is at hand.8.免費下載知識財產(chǎn)在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使用者中十分普遍。It is prevalent among Internet users to download intellectual properties for free.9.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的討論組主持人的職責是防止廣告和無關信息進入論壇。The job of the moderator of a discussion group on the Internet is to keep out advertisements and unrelated materials of the forum.10.言論自由的擁護者往往貿(mào)然斷定任何形式的政府管理都將妨礙他們的自由。Advocates of free speech tend to jump to the conclusion that any form of government regulation will