英語四級閱讀練習(xí)及答案

1、Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.A recent study, published in last week's Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver, Indeed， a 16-yearold driver with three or more passengers is three times

2、 as likely to have a fatal accident as a teenager driving alone， By contrast， the risk of death for drivers between 30 and 59 decreases with each additional passenger。The authors also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased dramatically after 10 p.m。, and especially after midnight，

3、with passengers in the car， the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident。Robert Foss, a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with “really stupid behavior” than with just a lack

4、 of driving experience. “The basic issue。" Be says， “is that adults who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is."Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate （使緩解) the problem is to have states institute socal

5、led graduated licensing systems, in which getting a license is a multistage process. A graduated license requires that a teenager first prove himself capable of driving in the presence of an adult， followed by a period of driving with night of passenger restrictions, before graduating to full drivin

6、g privileges。Graduated licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes, according to recent studies。 About half of the states now have some sort of graduated licensing system in place, but only 10 of those states have restrictions on passengers, California is the strictest, with a novice （新手)

7、driver prohibited from carrying any passenger under 20 （without the presence of an adult over 25） for the first six months。21。 Which of the following situations is most dangerous according to the passage？A) Adults giving a lift to teenagers on the highway after 10 p。m.B) A teenager driving after mid

8、night with passengers in the car.C） Adults driving with three or more teenage passengers late at night.D） A teenager getting a lift from a stranger on the highway at midnight。22。 According to Robert Foss。 The high death rate of teenage drivers is mainly due to _。A) their frequent driving at nightB）

9、their improper way of drivingC） their lack of driving experienceD) their driving with passengers23。 According to Paragraph 3。 which of the following statements is TRUE？A) Teenagers should spend more time learning to drive.B) Driving is a skill too complicated for teenagers to learn.C） Restrictions s

10、hould be imposed on teenagers applying to take driving lessons。D） The licensing authorities are partly responsible for teenagers driving accidents。24。 A suggested measure to be taken to reduce teenagers driving accidents is that _.A) driving in the presence of an adult should be made a ruleB) they s

11、hould be prohibited from taking on passengersC) they should not be allowed to drive after 10 p。m。D） the licensing system should be improved25。 The present situation in about half of the states is that the graduated licensing system _.A） is under discussionB） is about to be set upC） has been put into

12、 effectD) has been perfected這篇文章講的是青少年駕車車禍死亡率過高的問題。文章總共五個(gè)段落，基本呈現(xiàn)了一個(gè)“提出問題”、“分析原因”、“解決辦法”三步格局。這也是論說文最常用的結(jié)構(gòu)，了解這種結(jié)構(gòu)對于理解文章的意義是有好處的。前兩段提出問題,問題通常是具體的問題,作者只需以例舉的方式向讀者呈現(xiàn)問題就可以了。開頭先是交代了獲知問題的來源：美國醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會雜志上的一篇研究（Journal of the American Medical Association）。這條信息可以說一箭雙雕,既能表明這一問題的嚴(yán)重性（否則一個(gè)醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會不會進(jìn)行研究），又不必多費(fèi)篇幅去證明這一問題的真實(shí)

13、性、普遍性(美國醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會當(dāng)然具有權(quán)威性）。How risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver，這是一個(gè)總領(lǐng)句，意思是搭一個(gè)青少年駕駛者的車是多么的危險(xiǎn)。隨后是一個(gè)例子，一個(gè)16歲的司機(jī)搭載三四名乘客時(shí)，其發(fā)生致命事故的可能性是他單獨(dú)駕車時(shí)的3倍（a 16yearold driver with three or more passengers is three times as likely to have a fatal accident as a teenager driving alone）.而與此對應(yīng)，30到59歲的司機(jī)搭載乘客時(shí)其發(fā)生

14、致死車禍的可能性卻在降低（the risk of death for drivers between 30 and 59 decreases）。下一段繼續(xù)舉例。青少年在晚上10點(diǎn)以后駕車的死亡率大幅上升。車內(nèi)同時(shí)又有乘客的話,則發(fā)生致死事故的可能性會更高。問題呈現(xiàn)完畢，接下來就是分析原因了。作者以權(quán)威人士Robert Foss之口說出了問題背后的實(shí)質(zhì)：higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with “really stupid behavior" than with just a lack of driving

15、experience,這個(gè)句子較難理解,關(guān)鍵在于吃透have less to do withthan這個(gè)句型。這個(gè)句型的原型是have something to do with，意思是與有關(guān),那么have less to do with than就是“與的關(guān)系不如與的關(guān)系大”的意思。這句話想要表達(dá)的意思就是：與將其歸因于“愚蠢行為”相比，用缺少駕駛經(jīng)驗(yàn)來解釋如此高的死亡率更為合理。他繼續(xù)分析道，問題的根本在于負(fù)責(zé)發(fā)放駕照的大人們沒有意識到駕車的復(fù)雜性和技術(shù)難度（fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is)。問題的解決方

16、案在于使各州發(fā)布“駕照分步發(fā)放系統(tǒng)"（graduated licensing systems）,這一系統(tǒng)要求青少年首先要具備在成人監(jiān)護(hù)下駕車的能力，隨后是乘客人數(shù)限制，最后是完全不受限制地駕駛權(quán)限.這一系統(tǒng)的實(shí)施情況和效果如何呢？最后一段寫到，它減少了青少年司機(jī)所發(fā)生的車禍數(shù)量（reduced teenage driver crashes）。有大約一半的州實(shí)施了類似的系統(tǒng),不過只有10個(gè)州對乘客進(jìn)行了限制（only 10 of those states have restrictions on passengers）,加利福尼亞在這方面限制最嚴(yán)。21。 B根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，下列哪種情況最

17、為危險(xiǎn)。關(guān)于駕車危險(xiǎn)性問題,在文章開頭舉的幾個(gè)例子中有充分的說明。第一個(gè)例子說一個(gè)16歲的司機(jī)搭載三四名乘客時(shí)，其發(fā)生致命事故的可能性是他單獨(dú)駕車時(shí)的3倍，第二個(gè)例子說青少年在晚上10點(diǎn)以后駕車的死亡率大幅上升；車內(nèi)同時(shí)又有乘客的話,則發(fā)生致死事故的可能性會更高。把這道題的幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)和上面的例子進(jìn)行對比就可以找到正確答案。A，夜里10點(diǎn)以后，成年人在高速公路上駕車搭載未成年人。例子的說法是夜里10點(diǎn)以后青少年駕車同時(shí)搭載別人的危險(xiǎn)性高,而不是成年人駕車.A把主體搞錯(cuò)了.B，一個(gè)未成年人在午夜后駕車,車中坐有乘客。第二段的例子提到了個(gè)這個(gè)說法。C,成年人在深夜駕車搭載三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上未成年乘客。文章

18、例子中提到的危險(xiǎn)情況都為駕車人是未成年人.D,未成年人在午夜高速公路上搭載陌生人的車。這個(gè)選項(xiàng)體現(xiàn)了出題人的想象力，在現(xiàn)實(shí)中，未成年人夜間搭載陌生人的車的確非常危險(xiǎn)，但這不在文章的討論范圍。22。 C題目的意思是根據(jù)Robert Foss的說法,青少年駕車者的高死亡率主要是因?yàn)槭裁?A，他們經(jīng)常在夜間駕車。B,他們駕駛的方式不恰當(dāng).C，他們?nèi)狈︸{駛經(jīng)驗(yàn)。D，他們駕車搭載了乘客。文章提到Robert Foss是在第三段,（Robert Foss， a scientist at the University)，那么答案也只能在第三段尋找,至多參考一下第四段。正確理解這句話的意思：higher de

19、ath rates for teenage drivers have less to do with “really stupid behavior” than with just a lack of driving experience-高死亡率與駕駛經(jīng)驗(yàn)缺失的關(guān)系比“做傻事”更大.由此可見C所說的缺少駕駛經(jīng)驗(yàn)是正確的。23。 D根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容,下列哪項(xiàng)敘述是正確的.觀察第三段,是一個(gè)不是很長的段落。在小段上出題,同時(shí)又指明把考查范圍限定在該段,則很有可能這個(gè)小段出現(xiàn)了難句.第三段一共只有兩句話，上一題已經(jīng)考查過了第一句，兩句話同時(shí)考查一句話的可能性很小，所以要把注意力集中在第二句話的理解

20、上，而徹底了解這句話的意思應(yīng)該結(jié)合后文。第二句引用了Robert的原話：The basic issue is that adults who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is-從字面上看，這句話意思是:根本問題是，負(fù)責(zé)發(fā)放駕照的成年人(adults who are responsible for issuing licenses）沒能 （fail to）認(rèn)識到駕駛汽車非常復(fù)雜且技術(shù)性很強(qiáng)（recognize how complex an

21、d skilled a task driving is）。A，青少年應(yīng)該花更多的時(shí)間來學(xué)習(xí)駕駛。句子最后提到駕駛汽車非常復(fù)雜且技術(shù)性很強(qiáng),不過解決方案必定是花費(fèi)更多時(shí)間嗎？不見得。改變發(fā)放駕照程序就是一例。B，學(xué)習(xí)駕駛技術(shù)對于青少年來說是過于復(fù)雜了。句子最后提到駕駛汽車非常復(fù)雜且技術(shù)性很強(qiáng),不過這就意味著青少年不能學(xué)習(xí)駕駛技術(shù)了嗎？不是，解決方案是下文提到的調(diào)整發(fā)放駕照的程序。C，對青少年的駕駛學(xué)習(xí)申請應(yīng)該加以限制。限制學(xué)習(xí)人數(shù)不是解決辦法,文章也沒有提到這一點(diǎn)。D，發(fā)放駕照部門應(yīng)對青少年駕車事故負(fù)部分責(zé)任。從第二句字面意思可以直接推出D的結(jié)論.另外，后文提出的解決方案是改變管理當(dāng)局的現(xiàn)有政策

22、，從這一點(diǎn)也可看出管理當(dāng)局應(yīng)該負(fù)有一定責(zé)任。24。D題目問文中提到了關(guān)于減少青少年駕車事故的措施的建議，這條建議是什么。A，應(yīng)該把在大人監(jiān)護(hù)下才能駕車制定成規(guī)則。B,青少年應(yīng)被禁止搭載乘客.C，他們不應(yīng)被允許在夜里10點(diǎn)以后駕車。D，應(yīng)當(dāng)改進(jìn)駕照發(fā)放系統(tǒng)。這道題比較簡單，文章的第四五兩段講的都是駕照發(fā)放系統(tǒng)的改進(jìn)問題，應(yīng)當(dāng)選擇D。對于A、B、C所說的幾條建議，在最后兩段介紹的建議中都只字未提，所以不應(yīng)選擇。25。C目前大約一半左右的州的情況是駕照分步發(fā)放系統(tǒng)如何如何。A，正處討論中。B，將要得到確立。C，已經(jīng)起到了效果。D，已經(jīng)得到完善.這道題考查最后一段的內(nèi)容。第一句Graduated li

23、censing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes的意思很明了,分步發(fā)放系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)減少青少年駕車事故,這說明這一系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)起到了效果，與C的說法一致。后面的一句話是個(gè)長句,大體意思是說一半的州雖然實(shí)施了分步發(fā)放系統(tǒng)，但在乘客限制上不是很嚴(yán)格,只有加利福尼亞較為嚴(yán)格.這說明這一系統(tǒng)還需要進(jìn)行完善，D就不對了。文章沒有提到這一系統(tǒng)是否正處討論中，從已經(jīng)實(shí)施這一情況來看，應(yīng)該是討論過并得到確立了。這樣A和B的說法就都是錯(cuò)誤的.There are people in Italy who cant stand soccer。 Not all Canadia

24、ns love hockey。 A similar situation exists in America， where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very lit

25、tle of anything happens。 They tell you its a game better suited to the 19th century， slow, quiet, gentlemanly。 These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because theres the sport that glorifies “the hit”。By contrast， baseball seems abstract， cool, silent， still.On TV the game

26、 is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, closeups. The geometry of the game， however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject； you may， of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affo

27、rds so much space and time for involvement。 The TV wont do it for you。Take， for example, the third baseman。 You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed。 His arms hang loose。 He does a lot of this。 The skeptic still cannot think of any

28、other sports so still, so passive. But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws： the third baseman goes up on his toes， flexes his arms or bring the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward， perhaps he glances across the field to check his first basem

29、ans position。 Suppose the pitch is a ball. “Nothing happened,” you say. “I could have had my eyes closed.”The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman。 Smooth the dirt in front of you w

30、ith one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove； watch the eyes of the batter， the speed of the bat， the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes， chores and responses。1。 The passage is mainly concerned w

31、ith _。A。 the different tastes of people for sportsB. the different characteristics of sportsC。 the attraction of footballD。 the attraction of baseball2. Those who don't like baseball may complain that _.A. it is only to the taste of the oldB。 it involves fewer players than footballC. it is not e

32、xciting enoughD。 it is pretentious and looks funny3。 The author admits that _.A. baseball is too peaceful for the youngB。 baseball may seem boring when watched on TVC。 football is more attracting than baseballD. baseball is more interesting than football4。 By stating “I could have had my eyes closed

33、. " the author means （4th paragraph last sentence):A。 The third baseman would rather sleep than play the game。B. Even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no different to the result.C. The third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes c

34、losed all the time and do his work well.D. The consequent was too bad he could not bear to see it.5. We can safely conclude that the author _。A. likes football B。 hates footballC。 hates baseball D. likes baseball詞匯與短語1. dugout n. 棒球場邊供球員休息的地方2。 pitcher n。 投手3. symphony n。 交響樂4。 chamber n。

35、室內(nèi)5。 contemplate vt。沉思，注視長難句解析【解析】此句的主干是“Baseball?means？watching？”，其中“in funny tight outfits"用來修飾“grown men",“standing?”和“staring”用來做“grown men”的定語。 【譯文】對于他們來說，棒球就是在無聊的幾個(gè)小時(shí)中幾個(gè)身著緊身衣的大人佇立在場地周圍沒事可做地東張西望?！窘馕觥窟@是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，“goes up？"，“flexes?”“takes?”,“glances?”做“the third baseman”的并列謂語。

36、60;【譯文】但每當(dāng)投球手?jǐn)S出球的那一瞬間，你再看吧,三壘運(yùn)動員腳尖點(diǎn)地，屈臂或把接球手套直指前方，左右移動步伐，或前或后，或許他還要越過場地盯著一壘球手的動作?！径涛拇笠狻勘疚闹饕v述壘球的特征及欣賞。1。 D 主旨題。文章第一段簡述了人們對壘球所持的偏見-認(rèn)為它毫無活力、從容和緩,不像橄欖球那樣(禁止)迭起、令人激動.文章的第二、三、四、五段探討了壘球的根本特征及欣賞角度，文章的最后一句話用一個(gè)比喻概括了壘球的魅力：“如果橄欖球是一曲交響樂的話,那么，壘球中所表現(xiàn)出來的運(yùn)動恰似一曲優(yōu)美的室內(nèi)樂。"可見,本文主要探討的是壘球的特點(diǎn)及其欣賞. A不對，第一段也確實(shí)提到了不同觀眾對不同

37、運(yùn)動形式的偏好，但這只是用以引出對壘球的特征及欣賞的討論。2。 C 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第一段指出：許多人不喜歡壘球，一提起壘球這些人就打哈欠甚至皺眉頭。對他們來說，看壘球意味著眼巴巴地觀望著身著運(yùn)動裝（outfit）的人呆立在球場上，東瞧瞧西望望,很少有什么（激動人心的）事發(fā)生沒意思透了.他們認(rèn)為這樣的運(yùn)動更適合上個(gè)世紀(jì)的人的口味，不像橄欖球那樣充滿活力。 A意為：“它只適合老年人的口味.”注意：原文說的是適合上個(gè)世紀(jì)的人的口味,二者意味不一樣。 D意為：“它矯揉造作、滑稽可笑?！边@與說它gentlemanly（具有紳士風(fēng)度，矜持,即:沒有沖撞或拼搶）不一樣.3。 B 推斷題。第三段指出，在電視上,

38、壘球運(yùn)動被切換成不同角度的畫面，而且不斷地使用重放、特寫等電視制作技術(shù)，這破壞了該運(yùn)動的整體運(yùn)動感，使觀眾無法將自己投入（project)到運(yùn)動中去，以體會到這種寓動于靜的運(yùn)動之美.電視做不到這一點(diǎn)（The TV won't do it for you），因此，電視上的壘球比賽看上去（seems）孤孤單單、冷冷清清、沉沉靜靜、慢慢騰騰。C、D不對，作者僅指出了不同運(yùn)動有不同運(yùn)動的特征，并未說哪種運(yùn)動優(yōu)于哪種。參閱文章最后一句。4. B 推斷題。第四段整個(gè)都在描述壘球場上的一個(gè)場景：拿三壘的運(yùn)動員假設(shè)對方全投出好球，作好了一切準(zhǔn)備,但是對方投出的并不是好球。所以在那時(shí)候他的準(zhǔn)備做不做都不

39、會影響比賽結(jié)果。他說本來可以閉上眼睛,意思就是B項(xiàng)所寫的。A、C、D都不符合作者的意圖。這道題需要完整地了解第四段內(nèi)容才能作好選擇。5. D 推斷題。在本文中，作者主要探討了壘球的特征及欣賞，作者著重指出的是：只有根據(jù)壘球的特征來欣賞它，才能體會到它的魅力。在他看來，觀察到壘球比賽中運(yùn)動員的各種動作、壘球位之間的關(guān)系等是欣賞它的關(guān)鍵(第三段第二句）。只有從整體來把握它，才能看到每一個(gè)小的動作、每一個(gè)眼神乃至于“靜止”的意義，也只有這樣,才能全身心地投入比賽中，欣賞到它的魅力?？梢?，作者對壘球有很深的理解而且非常喜愛壘球。主要參考第三、四、五段。Among the more colorful c

40、haracters of Leadvilles golden age were H.A。W。Tabor and his second wife， Elizabeth McCourt， better known as “Baby Doe”. Their history is fast becoming one of the legends of the Old West. Horace Austin Warner Tabor was a school teacher in Vermont. With his first wife and two children he left Vermont

41、by covered wagon in 1855 to homestead in Kansas. Perhaps he did not find farming to his liking， or perhaps he was lured by rumors of fortunes to be made in Colorado mines。 At any rate， a few years later he moved west to the small Colorado mining camp known as California Gulch, which he later renamed

42、 Leadville when he became its leading citizen. “Great deposits of lead are sure to be found here.” he said。As it turned out, it was silver, not lead, that was to make Leadville's fortune and wealth. Tabor knew little about mining himself, so he opened a general store, which sold everything from

43、boots to salt, flour， and tobacco。It was his custom to “grubstake” prospective miners, in other words， to supply them with food and supplies， or“grub", while they looked for ore， in return for which he would get a share in the mine if one was discovered.He did this for a number of years, but no

44、 one that he aided ever found anything of value.Finally one day in the year 1878， so the story goes, two miners came in and asked for “grub”. Tabor had decided to quit supplying it because he had lost too much money that way. These were persistent， however, and Tabor was too busy to argue with them.

45、 “Oh help yourself。 One more time wont make any difference,” He said and went on selling shoes and hats to other customers。 The two miners took $17 worth of supplies, in return for which they gave Tabor a one-third interest in their findings. They picked a barren place on the mountain side and began

46、 to dig. After nine days they struck a rich vein of silver。 Tabor bought the shares of the other two men， and so the mine belonged to him alone. This mine, known as the “Pittsburgh Mine，” made 1 300 000 for Tabor in return for his 17 investment.Later Tabor bought the Matchless Mine on another barren

47、 hillside just outside the town for 117 000。 This turned out to be even more fabulous than the Pittsburgh, yielding $35 000 worth of silver per day at one time. Leadville grew. Tabor became its first mayor， and later became lieutenant governor of the state.1。 Leadville got its name for the following

48、 reasons EXCEPT _.A。 because Tabor became its leading citizenB。 because great deposits of lead is expected to be found thereC. because it could bring good fortune to TaborD。 because it was renamed2. The word “grubstake” in paragraph 2 means _.A. to supply miners with food and suppliesB。 to open a ge

49、neral storeC。 to do ones contribution to the development of the mineD. to supply miners with food and supplies and in return get a share in the mine， if one was discovered3. Tabor made his first fortune _。A。 by supplying two prospective miners and getting in return a onethird interest in the findingsB. because he was persuaded by the two miners to quit supplyingC. by buying the shares of the otherD. as a land speculator4. The unde