食品專業(yè)英語答案許學(xué)書

1、答 案CHAPTER 43 練習(xí)：A. 用括號(hào)內(nèi)的詞將漢語譯成英語:1) The research about this enzyme can be traced back to 1970s.2) Recently, the use of reproducible resource has reached new heights.3) Vinegar could play on the taste buds.4) Pay attention to the harmony of appearance, smell, taste, texture when confecting the bever

2、age.B. 根據(jù)課文判斷下列陳述是否正確：1) T2) T3) T4) F5) F6) TCHAPTER 54練習(xí)：1) 用表內(nèi)提供的詞組合成句子，描述圖中勺的相對(duì)位置：Seven spoons are symmetrically and evenly spaced. Perforated spoon with black hand is at the far left and goes to the left of perforated spoon with stainless steel hand. Slotted spoons with black hand is next to pe

3、rforated spoon with stainless steel hand on the right and goes to the left of slotted spoon with stainless steel hand. Three-cornered stirring spoon is next to slotted spoon with stainless steel hand on the right and goes to the left of solid spoons with black hand. Solid spoons with stainless steel

4、 hand is at the far right.2) 根據(jù) Fig 5-3 描述其余不同用具相對(duì)于球形切割器Ball cutter 的位置One ball cutter is placed horizontally below the center of the place, and a straight spatula goes to the top-left of it. Next to the straight spatula on the right is a cooks fork. In front of the straight spatula is an offset spa

5、tula. A pie server is on the right of the offset spatula and in front of the cooks fork.CHAPTER 63 練習(xí)：A用建議的詞進(jìn)行漢譯英1) Make the eye level even with the bottom of meniscus inside the tube.2) The electronic scales should be placed where they set level and where they receive a minimum amount of jarring.3)

6、 Use this method to analyze the arginine through HPLC, the linearity range is from 0.5 mg to 10 mg.4) Portion 100 ounce flour into 5 fractions.5) The column is 2 inch in diameter and 10 inch in highness.B. 用表內(nèi)的詞填空All matter, gas, liquid or solid has density. The density of a material is its mass div

7、ided by its volume (m/v). Density is measured in g/cm3 or kg/m3 and denoted by r. The density of pure water at 4°C is exactly 1 g/cm3. An electronic scale and a ruler are needed in the experiment of measuring density of a circular cylinder jelly. The volume is measure with a ruler and the weigh

8、t is measured by electronic scale. The density is calculated with the formula r = m/v.C. 區(qū)別不同應(yīng)用場合下的描述方法Look at these three examples:An instructionA demonstrationA reportUse CO2 on electrical.We use CO2 on electrical.CO2 was used on electrical fires.Now describe a similar experiment for finding the d

9、ensity of a beverage in a report style. Use the following words in the description. The procedure is: washdrypourmeasurecalculate.Density bottle was washed with brush firstly and then rinsed with alcohol. The empty bottle was dried and weighed by the scale. Then put exactly a volume of the liquid in

10、to the bottle. Next the full bottle was weighed by the scale and gained the mass. The mass of the liquid, therefore, can be calculated with subtraction between the mass of the full bottle and the mass of the empty bottle. Finally its density is calculated with the equation r = m/v. The operation sho

11、uld be done at the room temperature.E. 描述測量物體的單位Use following words to describe cotton, glass, wire, leather, chocolate, sugar, sand and wood. A block ofglassA bar of chocolateA sheet ofleatherA piece of leatherA bucket ofSandA grain of sand /sugarA length ofwireA pile ofwoodA plank of WoodA reel of

12、cottonA stack ofwoodA strip ofwoodChapter 74 練習(xí)：構(gòu)詞 1) Study the meanings of stems and affixes, and then give examples of words you know which are derived from these stems and affixes.PrefixesExamplesante-, ant-beforeantacidcircum-aroundcircumstancecontra-, anti-againstantidote, antibodyinter- betwee

13、ninterbioticintro-, intra- withinintron, intracardialmis-wrong, unfavorablemisioninmono-one, alone, singlemonoacetate, monoamineneuro-, neur-nerve, nervous systemneurobiotaxis, neurilemmaorth-, orth-straight, proper, 正的orthanilamide, orthodiazinepost-afterpostalbuminsub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sup-, sus

14、- undersubstrate, subaciditysuper- abovesuperacidity, superalkalitrans-acrosstransacetylase, transaldolaseretro-backward, back, behindretrovaccination, retrovirusStems-ced-go, move, yieldintercede-duc- leadconductor-flect- bendinflection-mit-, -miss- senddismiss-port- carrytransport-sequ-, -secut- f

15、ollowconsequence-spir- breatheinspirit-tele- farteleautomatics-vene-, -vent- comeconvener-voc-, -vok-callinvokeSuffixes-able-, -ible-, -blecapable of, fit forreproducible-ous, -ious, -osefull of, of the nature ofbilious, filamentous2) Mach these stems and affixes with their meanings1. e6. b11. c16.

16、c2. b7. d12. a17. d3. a8. e13. e18. a4. d9. c14. b19. b5. c10. a15. d20. eChapter 83 練習(xí)：A. 學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)驗(yàn)方法和討論結(jié)果的表述(用括號(hào)內(nèi)的詞或句型將漢文譯成英文)1) The details of an analytical method for determination of the content of glutamic acid is as following. 2) Initiate the research with the determination of the pH range-finding

17、. 3) The food additive most frequently employed include sugar, salt, vinegar and so on.4) The enzyme reaction is terminated after a period of 2 hours by heating.5) According to the regulations, experimental dose-effect relationship must be no less than five concentration levels, each concentration l

18、evel with triplicate parallel test, employed with a control.6) The sample should be watched in regard to the color changes in the process of experiment.7) Select the enzyme depending on the using temperature and pH.8) If there are indications that the liver is damaged after medicine feeding then the

19、 subacute experiment must be carried out.9) To establish of standard curves, pre-tests of at least three concentration levels should be conducted to establish the range.10) It could be demonstrated that this compound could be capable of showing different colors under different pH in this experiment.

20、11) In the experiment of detecting pesticide residue, GC has proved most adaptable. 12) In the chronic animal experiments, no less than four groups plus a control group of experimental animals are employed, each consisting of at least 25 pairs of mice.13) The experiment should be operated in the tem

21、perature and humidity controlled room.14) The minimum toxic dosage level is expected to produce no toxicity, at the other extreme the maximum dosage should be sufficient to cause pathological changes, but not cause high mortality before the end of the experiment. Other dosages fall in between these

22、two dosages.15) In the experiment need to be sampled at various intervals, the quantity of sample in each group should increase accordingly.16) Observations and sampling should be made of every two hours.17) The change of the detective current is due to contamination of the electrode.18) Control gro

23、up should be handled in the identical manner as the sample.19) The theory of that literature could be cited to show that our experimental results are right.20) This new chromatogram is about ten times as sensitive to pesticide residues as the old one.21) Patient is as much as ten times more suscepti

24、ble to toxic compounds than healthy individual.B. 構(gòu)詞1) Study the meanings of suffixes, stems and affixes, and then give examples of words you know which are derived from these suffixes, stems and affixes.SuffixesExampleStems and AffixesExample-al醛acetalhydroxy-羥基hydroxyacetone-ane飽和烴；烷methanecarbony

25、l-羰基carbonylate-ase酶amylasecarboxy(l)-羧基carboxylesterase-ectomy切除hysterectomy amino-氨基aminoacetone-ene烯butylenephenyl-; benz-苯基phenylacetate-enol烯醇piperitenolphenol苯酚phenolase-gen原antigenpropyl丙基propylaldehyde-genin配基acetogenindeuteron-; 次deuteroxide-less無；缺乏hopelessolig(o)-低聚；寡聚oligosaccharide-(a)e

26、mia血ischemiaiodo-碘化-iodoform-mycin霉素gentamycinbutyl-丁基butylene-ol醇methanolpoly-; multi-多polyacrylonitrile-oma瘤；癌encephalomadi-; bi-二diabetin-one酮acetonetrans-反(式)；轉(zhuǎn)transaldolase-ose糖maltoseiso-異；分離isoacetylene-oside糖苷glucose-sorbosidemanno-甘露-mannosan-osis增多(癥)mannosidosisglycerin甘油glycerine-osone鄰?fù)?/p>

27、醛糖deoxyosonehyper-; per-; homo-高h(yuǎn)yperoxide-penia減少(癥)leukopeniahept-庚heptachlor-itis炎癥laryngitisdeca-癸decahydronaphthalene-uria尿acetonuriadecyl-癸基decylenecyclo-環(huán)-cyclobarbital2) Study the meanings of following stems and affixes. Mach these stems and affixes with their meanings1. b6. d11. b16. d2. c7

28、. e12. a17. c3. d8. b13. e18. a4. e9. a14. c19. e5. a10. c15. d20. bChapter 92 練習(xí)：A. 學(xué)習(xí)下列化學(xué)詞匯的前綴、詞干和后綴，根據(jù)它們的詞義將下列的化學(xué)名詞譯成中文。Acetaldehyde乙醛Monochloropropane一氯苯乙烯Dehydroalanine脫氫丙氨酸mono-methylhydrazine一甲基肼formyl-methylhydrazine甲酰-丙卡巴肼N-methylolacrylamide N-羥甲基丙烯酰胺Gastrointestinal腸胃的Perfluorooctane全氟辛烷G

29、lycolaldehyde羥乙醛Phenylalanine苯丙氨酸Haemoglobin血紅蛋白Phycotoxin 藻毒素Hepatorenal肝腎的Polyaromatic芳烴聚合物Heterocyclic雜環(huán)的polychlorinated biphenyls聚氯聯(lián)二苯Hydroxymethylfurfural羥甲基糠醛Pyrosynthesis高溫合成Lysinoalanine賴氨酸丙氨酸Tetrahydropurine四氫嘌呤 B. 學(xué)習(xí)下列詞匯的前綴、詞干和后綴，并根據(jù)它們的詞義將下面的詞與含義相匹配。1. f7. e13. f19. c2. e 8. c14. b20. d3.

30、a9. d15. c21. e4. d10. a16. a22. a5. b11. b17. d23. f6. c12. f18. e24. bChapter 103 練習(xí)：專業(yè)詞匯理解A. According to the text, which of followings belong to Neutriceutical? ginshenB. According to the text, the “probiotics ” probably is a type ofmicroorganismC. According to the text, the “Prebiotics” probabl

31、y is a type ofnondigestible foodD. According to the text, the “synbiotic” probably is a type of mixture of microorganism and nondigestible foodChapter 114 練習(xí)：化學(xué)的名詞拆分釋意B. 學(xué)習(xí)詞綴和詞干含義，匹配表中詞與詞義1. f7. a13. b19. b2. b8. e14. a20. a3. a9. d15. c21. c4. d10. f16. f22. e5. c11. c17. d23. f6. e12. b18. e 24. d

32、1. d7. e13. b19. b2. a8. f14. a20. a3. e9. d15. c21. c4. c10. b16. f22. e5. b11. a17. d23. f6. f12. c18. e24. d C. 綜合練習(xí)：匹配下表中的詞與解釋1. c6. d2. e7. h3. f 8. j4. a9. i5. g10. bD 漢譯英：參考答案Vegetables contain many different phytonutrients, many of which have antioxidative properties. Research has shown that

33、 vegetables contain other antioxidatant nutrients, in addition to the well-known vitamins C and E, and carotenoids, which significantly contribute to their total antioxidant capacity. For example, flavonoids, including compounds such as flavones, isoflavones, flavonones, anthocyanins and catechins,

34、that are components of vegetables, have strong antioxidant capacity. There is convincing evidence that vegetables are beneficial to health and contribute to the prevention of degenerative processes. It is important to investigate the beneficial phytonutrients present in foods and the mechanisms resp

35、onsible for these effects. The protection provided against diseases by vegetables has been attributed to the various antioxidants in foods. There is overwhelming evidence to indicate that free radicals cause oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Free radicals may lie at the heart

36、of the etiology or natural history of a number of diseases, including cancer, heart, vascular, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases Therefore, antioxidants that can neutralize free radicals may be of central importance in the prevention of these diseases.Chapter 123 練習(xí)：詞匯1.e6. c11. b2. c7. e12. d

37、3. a8. d13. e4. b9. a14. a5. d10. b15. c4 根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容判斷正誤1) F2) F3) T4) F5) F6) F7) T8) T9) F10) FCHAPTER 133 練習(xí)：A. 確定不同機(jī)構(gòu)管轄部門的職責(zé)范圍A. c B. a C. d D. b B. 詞匯配對(duì)1. c5. c9. c2. d6. b10. d3. a7. d11. b4. b8. a12. aC. 根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容判斷下列陳述是否正確1) F2) T3) F4) T5) T6) TCHAPER 143 練習(xí)B. 根據(jù)課文判斷下列句子的陳述是否正確：1) F2) F3) T4) T5)

38、T6) T7) FC. 根據(jù)內(nèi)容，將SECTION I分成2個(gè)段落，并根據(jù)內(nèi)容分別賦以標(biāo)題。1 Historical backgroundPrior to 1985, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) focused mainly on A tolerance is the maximum level of pesticide residues allowed in or on human food and animal feed. 2 Basis for selecting a process method Processing method

39、s are based on the food industrys best practices The pressed pulp is dried and used as an animal feed.CHAPTER 153 練習(xí)：根據(jù)課文判斷下列陳述是否正確：1) T2) T3) F4) F5) F6) T7) T8) TCHAPTER 16 2 練習(xí)：A. 根據(jù)文章的意思用表格中提供的詞匯填空1) Combined ohmic and conventional cooking of hamburger patties has recently been patented as a new

40、 method of cooking. The method is based on passing electric current through the meat patties causing internal heat generation. It has been found to reduce cooking time up to half the time usually required in conventional cooking. However, the effect of applying ohmic cooking on the quality of cooked

41、 patties is not known yet. This work summarizes the experimental investigation made on the quality of hamburger patties cooked by conventional and ohmic-assisted cooking. Several properties of the patties cooked by the two methods were tested such as mechanical properties, oil and moisture contents.

42、 The results showed insignificant differences in the properties of the patties cooked by the two methods. It was concluded that ohmic heating has no effect on the quality of the cooked hamburger, which was also confirmed by non-expert tasting. 2) The free sugars and fatty acids (both free and bound)

43、 of different parts of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) were isolated. The sugars and fatty acids were identified and quantified by gas-liquid chromatography as their trimethylsilyl derivatives and methyl esters, respectively. Fructose, glucose and sucrose were discovered to be the major sugars

44、in all parts of jackfruit, except in the bark, which is devoid of glucose. Capric, myristic, lauric, palmitic, oleic, stearic, linoleic and arachidic acids were found as major fatty acids with varying proportions in different parts of jackfruit.3) Water extract and ethanol extract from top and body

45、portions of field horsetail (tsukushi) were prepared, and the antioxidative activity was investigated using four different methods. The contents of total phenolic components were richer in the ethanol extract fractions of each portion than in the water extracts. On the other hand, protein contents w

46、ere much lower in ethanol extract fractions than in water extract fractions. These fractions had remarkable antioxidative activities, similar to that of 5 mM ascorbic acid. Water extracts of both portions showed high superoxide anion radical-scavenging activities. Hydroxyl radicals were effectively

47、scavenged by ethanol extracts. Field horsetail (tsukushi) is rich in vitamins C and E. Moreover, it contains high levels of copper and zinc. These are essential elements, for superoxide dismutase to act against active oxygen species. Tsukushi is not only a health food, but is also useful in preventi

48、ng various degenerative diseases.B. 漢譯英參考答案1) The free sugars and fatty acids (both free and bound) of different parts of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) were isolated. The sugars and fatty acids were identified and quantified by gas-liquid chromatography as their trimethylsilyl derivatives and

49、 methyl esters, respectively. Fructose, glucose and sucrose were found to be the major sugars in all parts of jackfruit, except in the bark, which is devoid of glucose. Capric, myristic, lauric, palmitic, oleic, stearic, linoleic and arachidic acids were found as major fatty acids with varying propo

50、rtions in different parts of jackfruit.2) The effect of storage temperature on the shelf life, weight loss, respiration rate and ethylene formation of Hass avocado was studied. Two batches of green mature avocado fruits were stored at 10 and 20 °C (first batch) and at 7 and 25°C (second ba

51、tch). The avocado shelf lives were 22, 8, 32 and 6 days under these temperature levels, respectively. Based on the data of the first assay Q10 was calculated as 2.75, with this value the predicted shelf life at 7 and 25 °C were 29.8 and 4.8 days, respectively. That meant shelf life was underest

52、imated 7 and 20% at 7 and 25 °C, respectively. Weight loss was linear at both the storage temperatures, it was 4.3% in fruits at 20 °C for 8 days and 3.0% at 10 °C for 22 days. The maximum CO2 yield at 20 °C was reached during the second day of storage, while at 10 °C it was

53、 reached at the 17th day. The maximum ethylene production at 20 °C was reached the second day of storage, and at 10 °C the 6th day.C. 英譯漢參考答案論文建立了一種快速篩選食品和飼料基質(zhì)中抗氧化效率和具有氧化特性的穩(wěn)定性的方法。分析通過檢測自由基的產(chǎn)生來描述。新方法結(jié)合應(yīng)用偶氮引發(fā)物和廣泛應(yīng)用于抗氧化研究的分析儀器，如氧化穩(wěn)定性測定儀器和氧氣瓶the oxygen bomb。用引發(fā)物代替高溫，作為一種推動(dòng)力增加氧化速率，改善加速食品篩選和真實(shí)貨

54、架期之間的關(guān)系。這種關(guān)系的改進(jìn)通過分析原始狀態(tài)下的食品來解釋，即維持食品基質(zhì)所有的界面現(xiàn)象的情形下。而且這種低溫分析減少了檢測反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)和實(shí)際貨架期中氧化反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)之間的差別。因此，加速分析和貨架期之間的關(guān)系得以改善，特別是與高溫加速氧化相比較。自由基生成分析可應(yīng)用于估計(jì)如乳類或肉類等熱敏食品產(chǎn)品中的天然抗氧化物的功效。通過觀測，加速的檢測和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)貨架期的氧化參數(shù)之間得到了很好的相關(guān)性。成功地比較幾種抗氧化物的功效，并對(duì)這些熱敏食品基質(zhì)的貨架期進(jìn)行預(yù)測是可能的。CHAPTER 172 練習(xí)：漢譯英參考答案1) Coffee cherries were harvested at full maturity a