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1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上十、時態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時1一般現(xiàn)在時表現(xiàn)在 表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。如:My sister wears glasses. 我妹妹戴眼鏡。He often goes to the cinema. 他經(jīng)常去看電影。注意:詢問某人的習(xí)慣時,有時還可用ever。如:“Do you ever eat meat?”“你吃肉嗎?”“No, I never eat meat.”“從不吃肉?!?表示現(xiàn)在(或經(jīng)常性)的情況或狀態(tài)。如:Mother is ill. 母親病了。He is always like that. 他總是那樣。He likes living in the coun

2、try. 他喜歡住在鄉(xiāng)下。We need a lot of money. 我們需要一大筆錢。 表示現(xiàn)在的能力、特征、職業(yè)等。如:He sings well. 他唱歌唱得好。Mr.Smith teaches French. 史密斯先生教法語。 表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言以及不受時間限制的客觀存在。如:Summer follows spring. 春去夏來。Knowledge is power. 知識就是力量。The earth turns around the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。2一般現(xiàn)在時表將來 當(dāng)主句為將來時態(tài)或表示將來意義時,時間和條件的狀語從句必須用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。如:I&#

3、39;ll write to her when I have time. 我有空會給她寫信。Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前關(guān)燈。If we hurry, we may catch the bus. 如果趕緊走我們可能趕得上公共汽車。Tell me in case you get into difficulty. 遇到困難請告訴我。 除表示時間和條件的狀語從句外,表示讓步、相似、比例的從句也必須用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。如:I'll follow him wherever he goes. 他去哪兒,我就跟著去哪兒。Whatever you

4、say, I won't pay. 無論你說什么,我都不會付錢。Whether we help him or not, he will fail. 無論我們幫他與否,他都會失敗。I'll have a good time whether I win or lose. 贏也好,輸也好,我都將會玩好。The more you eat, the fatter you will become. 你吃得越多就會越胖。 另外,當(dāng)主句為用將來時態(tài)時,定語從句也通常用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。如:I'll give you anything you ask for. 你要什么我都給你。You

5、can have anything I find. 我找到的任何東西你都可以拿去。Everyone who comes first will get a present. 每個先來的人都可得到一份禮物。 按照英語習(xí)慣,一個句子中若主要動詞已經(jīng)表明了所談?wù)搫幼鞯臅r間,那么與之相關(guān)的其他動詞就不必再次指明同一時間,而往往使用一個比較簡單的時態(tài),如用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般將來時等。比較。如:This discovery means that we will spend less on food.這一發(fā)現(xiàn)意味著我們將減少在食品上的花費(fèi)。This discovery will mean that we sp

6、end less on food. 這一發(fā)現(xiàn)意味著我們將減少在食品上的花費(fèi)。 在make sure(弄清楚),make certain(弄清楚),take care(注意,當(dāng)心),be careful(注意,當(dāng)心),mind(注意),watch(注意)等后的that從句中通常也只用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義。如:Take care that it does not occur again. 注意別再發(fā)生這樣的事。We must take care that no one sees us. 我們必須注意別讓人看見我們。Make sure you come back soon. 你要保證快點(diǎn)回來。Be

7、 careful that you dont hurt her feelings. 當(dāng)心別傷了她的感情。Watch that the baby doesnt go near the heater. 注意別讓寶寶接近加熱器。Mind you read the examination questions carefully before you begin to answer them. 在答題前要注意仔細(xì)閱讀考題。 一般過去時 1概念一般過去時用來表示過去某一時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)以及過去習(xí)慣性、反復(fù)性的動作。謂語動詞要用動詞的過去式,常和表示過去的時間狀語連用,如 yesterday 昨

8、天、last night昨晚、last week上周、last year去年、ago等。2結(jié)構(gòu) Be動詞的一般過去時在沒有實(shí)義動詞的句子中使用be 動詞am is的過去式為was,are的過去式為were,was是表示單數(shù),were是表示復(fù)數(shù)。肯定句式:主語+be(was,were)其它否定句式:主語+be(was,were)+not其它一般疑問句:Be(was,were)主語+其它? 實(shí)義動詞的一般過去時態(tài)肯定句要使用動詞的過去式,否定句和疑問句要使用助動詞did.肯定句式:主語+動詞(過去式)+其它否定句式:主語+didn't+動詞(原形)+其它(did not=didn'

9、t)一般疑問句:Did+主語+動詞(原形)+其它(do,does的過去時均為did)注:did和didn't是構(gòu)成一般過去時的助動詞,其特點(diǎn)是要在其后跟動詞的原形。3規(guī)則動詞的過去式 一般情況下,在動詞原形后面加-ed如:looked,played,started,visited,stayed 以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動詞,在詞尾直接加-d如:lived,closed,liked,loved,tasted 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞,先將y改為i再加-edstudystudied,trytried,cry-cried,copycopied,carry-carried 以重讀閉音節(jié)(即輔音+元

10、音+輔音)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾,未尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞,要先雙寫這個輔音字母后,再加-ed如:stopstopped,planplanned4不規(guī)則動詞的過去式需特殊記憶 iswas, amwas, arewere, dodid, havehad beginbegan, ringrang, run-ran, drinkdrank, singsang, swimswam, sitsat, givegave, makemade, come-came, eatate writewrote, speakspoke, drivedrove, choosechose, telltold, riderode,

11、shootshot, getgot, winwon, forgetforgot, shakeshook, taketook, standstood gowent, meetmet, sleep-slept, sweepswept, spellspelt, feelfelt,keepkept, spendspent, bendbent knowknew, flyflew, blowblew, growgrew, throwthrew, drawdrew, 特別注意:glowglowed teachtaught, catchcaught, buybought, fightfought, think

12、thought findfound, hearheard, say-said, lielay, seesaw, learnlearnt, meanmeant putput, readread, cutcut, let-let5一般過去時的用法 表示過去某個特定時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)常有明確的時間狀語,如yesterday,last night,some years ago,in 1890等,以及由when等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。如:Tom didn't come to class yesterday.湯姆昨天沒來上課。We went to dance last night.昨晚我們?nèi)?/p>

13、跳舞了。Hello! I didn't know you were in London.How long have you been here?喂!我不知道你在倫敦。你來多久了? 表示過去的習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作,常與always,often,usually,seldom等表示頻度的副詞連用。如:Then I was in the countryside,I often called on my old friends there.我在鄉(xiāng)村里,經(jīng)常去拜訪那里的朋友。I went to the cinema once a week when I was at school.我上學(xué)時每周去

14、看一場電影。注意:表示過去經(jīng)?;蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作,還可用used to 或would加動詞原形表示。如:When I stayed at Aunt Liu's,she would tell me about the great changes which had taken place in the village since liberation.當(dāng)我住在劉大娘家時,她常常告訴我解放以來農(nóng)村發(fā)生的巨大變化。She used to go for a walk after supper,but now she prefers to stay at home.她過去晚飯后總出去散步,但現(xiàn)在她

15、卻真歡呆在家里。 用來代替過去將來時。在條件、時間狀語從句中,常用一般過去時代替過去將來時。如:They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him他們說如果聽到什么關(guān)于他的消息,就通知我們。He promised that when he went to the bookstore,he would buy me a book.他答應(yīng)去書店時為我買本書。He said he would not go if it rained.他說如果天下雨就不去了。They told us that they would not

16、leave until she came back.他們告訴我們,直到她回來他們才會離開。 一般將來時一般將來時表示將來某一時刻的動作或狀態(tài),或?qū)砟骋欢螘r間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動作或狀態(tài)。1一般將來時的三種意義 預(yù)測(prediction):表示說話人認(rèn)為將會發(fā)生某件事,即是表示猜測將來某事發(fā)生的可能性如:It will rain later.一會會下雨。 事先計劃(future plan):表示說話人在頭腦里已經(jīng)做定將來要做某件事如:My holiday is so long ,I am going to travel. 意愿(willingness):表示說話人既不是預(yù)計某事將會發(fā)生,也不是預(yù)計經(jīng)過

17、考慮決定將做某事,而是在說話的時刻立即估出決斷表明他將去做某事如:Someone is knocking at the door.I will go and open it.2一般將來時的結(jié)構(gòu)將來時常常和表示將來的時間狀語連用。英式英語第一人稱用shall,第二、三人稱用will,而美式英語則不管什么人稱,一律用will。如:tomorrow(明天),next week(下周),from now on(從現(xiàn)在開始);in the future(將來)等。 主語+be going to do表示主觀的打算或計劃。 主語+shall/will +do sth其否定式 shall not 和will

18、 not的縮寫式分別為shan't和won't。 be 主語+to do 表示客觀安排或受人指示做某事或已安排好要在將來發(fā)生的事,是比較正式的用法。如:They are to go on a strike on July 8She is to be married next month.You are to finish your homework before you go to play. 主語+be about to do,意為馬上作某事,不能與tomorrow,next week等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用,意思為“正要,馬上就要”。如:The train is ab

19、out to leave.Sally has her hand on the doorknob.She is about to open the door. 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞(如:go,come,leave,start,arrive等),可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來時。如:Uncle Wang is coming.王叔叔就要來了。They're leaving for Beijing.他們即將前往北京。3一般將來時的用法 預(yù)測 will表將來預(yù)測。我們對will 非常熟悉,因為它通常被作為一般將來時態(tài)的代言人。其最典型的用法就是對未來進(jìn)行預(yù)測會發(fā)生什么。美國時代周刊在其網(wǎng)站發(fā)布

20、了對21世紀(jì)做出各種展望預(yù)測,下面是一些例子:Will we travel to the stars?我們能夠進(jìn)行星際旅行嗎?Will we clone a dinosaur?我們能克隆恐龍嗎?Will the brain understand itself? 大腦能理解自己嗎?Will we live on Mar?我們會生活在火星嗎?Will women still need men?女人還需要男人嗎?Will China be Number One?中國會成為全球霸主嗎? be going to表示將來預(yù)測如:Look at those black clouds, and there i

21、s going to rain. 這滿天的鳥云,要下雨了!Its not going to snow again tomorrow, is it? The weather forecast says it will be warm all week.明天不會再下雪了吧。天氣預(yù)報說這一周都會很暖和的。 Will do和be going to do都有表示預(yù)測,但be going to do比 will do有更多的證據(jù)支持,而且事件發(fā)生的時間更近,will 所表示的動作發(fā)生的時間可近可遠(yuǎn)。由于be going to是一個現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的形式,因此,它所表示的對將來行為的預(yù)測往往暗示與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系,而且是

22、在說話后不久就將發(fā)生的。所以當(dāng)有現(xiàn)在的證據(jù)可以支持預(yù)測時,或者說根據(jù)目前的明顯跡象來推斷某件事將要發(fā)生時,我們就要用be going to,而不宜用will do.如:Look at the time. I am going to miss my bus.Don't worry, I will drive you to the stop.And if the bus has already left, I can get you to your apartment.The traffic is terrible. We are going to be date. by the time

23、 we get to the airport, bob's plane will already have arrived, and he will be wondering where we are.這顯然是說話人在車?yán)?,看著?dāng)時路上擁堵的交通狀況,做出了要遲到的預(yù)測。You look very pale. I am sure you are going to go sick.你看起來很蒼白,我想你肯定是要生病了。你看起來臉色蒼白是生病的跡象。 be going to do往往還表示當(dāng)前已有跡象表明說話者無力控制的即將發(fā)生的行為。如:Help! I am going to fall!

24、救命呀,我要掉下去了。Oh,my dear!They are going to drive into that tree.Hurry up!The cup is going to drop. will 用于在某種條件下某事才會發(fā)生的情況。所以,在帶有條件或時間狀語從句的主句中,我們通常用will 表示預(yù)測,而不用be going to。如:You will feel better,when you take this medicine.吃了這些藥,你就會感覺好些的。If you don't hurry up,he won't wait for you any more.If y

25、ou speak more, your English will be better and better.Be going to do除了有推測的意思,我們最熟悉的一個用法就是常用它來表示計劃或打算。說話人已經(jīng)在頭腦里早做出決定將來要做某件事,并且往往還含有已經(jīng)為這一行為做了某些準(zhǔn)備的意思。又因為只有人才能有主觀的思維意識去對將來的行為做出計劃,因此,be going to do表示計劃或打算時,為人稱主語。人稱主語既有推測的用法,也有表示計劃與打算。如果是非人稱主語,be going to不會是表示計劃打算,而是推測。如:The tree is going to fall down,as

26、the wind is so strong.Look!The book is going to be burnt.Do you mind turning the TV off?I am going to make along distance call,it is hard to hear if the TV is on.你介意把電視關(guān)掉?我想打個長途電話,電視開著很難聽清楚。She have just bought a computer,she is going to learn how to surf online.He made a lot of mistakes in his stud

27、y, his mom is going to be very angry Be going to do表示說話人對未來行動的計劃或打算,通常是經(jīng)常事先考慮并含有已經(jīng)為這一行動做了某些準(zhǔn)備的意思。will do表示意愿,表示在說話的時刻立即做出決定將去做某事,事先并沒有經(jīng)過考慮,更沒有為這一活動做出事先的準(zhǔn)備。如:A:Why are you taking the camera?B:I am going to take some pics.A:the box is too heavyB:I will help you to carry it.A:I have left my watch upsta

28、irs.B:I'll get it for you. 當(dāng)機(jī)立斷的決定,我們只能用will來表達(dá)。這一般是表示說話人事先并不知道,而是隨著談話的進(jìn)展,在得知了新信息之后才做出的決定。這不是在預(yù)測,更不是在預(yù)先計劃。比較總結(jié)如下:如:Husband:There isnt any milk in the fridge.wife:I will buy some after work.用will表明這是當(dāng)機(jī)立斷的決定,指丈夫先發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有牛奶,告訴她之后,她才決定去買奶。Husband:There isn't any milk left in the fridge.wife:I am goi

29、ng to buy some after work.用be going to表明這是預(yù)先計劃好的決定。意指她先發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有牛奶,并已經(jīng)決定去買牛奶,然后她丈夫才發(fā)現(xiàn)。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時一般現(xiàn)在時(The Present Indefinite)表示現(xiàn)在成為習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常性的動作;現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(The Present Continuous)則表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作。1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成肯定句:主語 + am/is/are + 現(xiàn)在分詞否定句:主語 + am/is/are + not + 現(xiàn)在分詞疑問句:Am/Is/Are + 主語 + 現(xiàn)在分詞?疑問代詞/疑問副詞 + am/is/are + 主語 + 現(xiàn)在分詞?2

30、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的肯定句句型:主語 + am/is/are + 現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成方式:如:They are cleaning the house.他們在打掃屋子。He is brushing his teeth.他正在刷牙。Mother is waiting for me.母親在等我。3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的否定句句型:主語 + am/is/are + not + 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的否定句是在助動詞am/is/are后加not:如:I'm not doing anything right now.我現(xiàn)在沒做什么事情。She is not dancing, but doing exercise.她不是在跳

31、舞,而是在鍛煉。4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的疑問句一般疑問句句型:Am/Is/Are + 主語 + 現(xiàn)在分詞?回答方式:Yes,主語 + am/is/are.No,主語 + am/is/are + not. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的疑問句是將助動詞am/is/are置于主語之前(大寫am/is/are的第一個字母),在句尾加問號,這種語序是倒裝語序。如:Are you leaving already? 你這么早就要走了嗎?Is it raining now? 現(xiàn)在下雨嗎?Yes,it is./No,it isn't. 是的,在下雨。/不,不下了。Are they helping the old lady? 他們

32、在幫助這位老婦人嗎? Yes,they are./No,they aren't.是的。/不,沒幫助她。 特殊疑問句句型:疑問代詞/疑問副詞 + am/is/are + 主語 + 現(xiàn)在分詞?現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的特殊疑問句是將疑問代詞/疑問副詞等置于助動詞am/is/are之前(am/is/are的第一個字母無需大寫),和一般疑問句差不多;這種語序是倒裝語序。就主語提問時,將疑問代詞或帶有疑問限定詞的名詞詞組置于助動詞am/is/are之前,在句尾加問號,這種語序是陳述句語序。如:Who are you waiting for? 你在等誰? I'm not waiting for anyb

33、ody.我沒在等誰。What are you doing? 你在干什么? I'm just tying up my shoelaces.我在系鞋帶。What are you looking for? 你在尋找什么? I'm looking for my keys.我在找鑰匙。What time are you coming back? 你打算什么時候回來?I'm not sure what time I'm coming back. 我不能肯定我將在什么時候回來。What's your brother planning to do tomorrow? 你

34、兄弟明天打算做什么?He can't decide what to do. 他還沒定要做什么。Where are you going? 你到哪去?I'm going home. 我回家去。How are you feeling today? 你今天感覺怎樣?I don't feel very well this morning. 今天早上我感覺不太舒服。由于使用了be動詞,因此進(jìn)行時的否定句和疑問句的構(gòu)成方式與be動詞的否定句和疑問句的構(gòu)成方式相同。5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的基本用法 表示說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作。常和now連用,有時和動詞如look,listen等連用,表示“現(xiàn)在”這

35、一概念。如:Listen! Birds are singing.聽!鳥在歌唱。Look! he train is just getting into the station.看!火車進(jìn)站啦。He is reading now.他在看書。The house is being painted.房子正在上油漆。 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行著的動作?,F(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行著的動作,不一定指說話時正在進(jìn)行著的動作。常和at present(目前),this week(本周),these days(這幾天)等時間狀語連用。如:We're looking for a house to rent for the su

36、mmer.我們在找一棟房子想租一個夏天。Are you trying to find a furnished house? 你是想找一棟有家具的房子嗎?What courses are you studying this term? 你這學(xué)期學(xué)哪幾門課? 表示當(dāng)前的動向如:People are getting less tolerant of smoking these days.如今人們對吸煙較為難以容忍了。Houses are costing more these days.如今房價越來越貴了。She is resembling her mother more and more as th

37、e years go by.隨著年齡的增長,她越來越像她母親了。 表示事先計劃好的動作(指將來)。表示一個在最近按計劃將進(jìn)行的動作或為將來安排好的活動,通常需要一個表示時間的狀語。如:We are spending next summer in England.我們將要在英國度過明年夏天。I'm getting married tomorrow.我明天就要結(jié)婚了。用arrive(到達(dá)),come(到來),go(走、離去),leave(離開)等動詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時描寫行程安排,有“將到達(dá)”和“將離去”的意思:如:He's arriving tomorrow morning on th

38、e 7:30 train.明天早上他將乘7時30分的火車到達(dá)。Christmas is coming soon.圣誕節(jié)很快就到了。I'm leaving England and going to live in Spain.我將離開英國去西班牙定居。 重復(fù)的動作。副詞always(表示屢次),repeatedly(再三地),forever(老是、不斷地)等可與進(jìn)行時連用,表示不斷重復(fù)的動作。如:She's always helping people.她經(jīng)常幫助別人。He's always causing trouble.他總是在制造麻煩。The little boy i

39、s forever asking questions.這小男孩老是沒完沒了地問問題。6一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別 一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性的動作;現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示暫時性的動作。如:Do you ever eat meat? 你平常吃肉嗎?No,I never eat meat. 不,我從不吃肉。(習(xí)慣、經(jīng)常性的動作)I'm eating meat now.我正在吃肉。(暫時性的動作)My brother always forgets to wash behind his ears.我弟弟老是忘記洗耳后根的地方。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時有時可代替一般現(xiàn)在時,表達(dá)說話人的某種感情色彩,與always,fo

40、rever連用。如:Our burglar alarm is forever going off for no reason.我們的防盜報警器不知怎么常常失靈。(含有抱怨的意思)You are always forgetting the important thing.你總是把重要的事情忘掉。(表達(dá)不滿情緒)How are you feeling today? 你今天感覺怎樣? (比How do you feel today? 顯得更親切些。) 過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時(The Past Continuous)主要表示過去某個時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作,由be動詞的過去式加現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。1過去進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成

41、肯定句:主語+was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞否定句:主語+was/were+not+現(xiàn)在分詞疑問句:Was/Were+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞?疑問代詞/疑問副詞+was/were+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞?2過去進(jìn)行時的肯定句句型:主語+was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞過去進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成方式:如:All the pupils were writing their homework in the classroom then.那時,所有的小學(xué)生都在教室里寫作業(yè)。By the time we got there,it was already getting dark.等我們趕到那里時,天已經(jīng)黑下來了。3過去進(jìn)行時的否定句句型:

42、主語+was/were+not+現(xiàn)在分詞.過去進(jìn)行時的否定句是在助動詞was/were后加not,后接現(xiàn)在分詞。如:They were not playing basketball,but playing volleyball.他們不是在打籃球,而是打排球。4過去進(jìn)行時的一般疑問句句型:Was/Were+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞.?回答方式:Yes,主語+was/were.No,主語+was/were+not.過去進(jìn)行時的一般疑問句是將助動詞was/were置于主語之前(大寫was/were的第一個字母),在句尾加問號;這種語序是主語和謂語倒裝語序。如:Were you having dinner wh

43、en they came?他們來的時候,你們是否在吃飯?Yes,we were./No,we weren't.是的,在吃飯。/不,不在吃飯。5過去進(jìn)行時的特殊疑問句 句型:疑問代詞(主語)+was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞?疑問代詞/疑問副詞+was/were+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞?過去進(jìn)行時的特殊疑問句是將疑問代詞/疑問副詞置于助動詞was/were之前(was/were的第一個字母無需大寫),和一般疑問句差不多,在句尾加問號;這種語序是主語和謂語倒裝語序。就主語提問時,將疑問代詞或帶有疑問限定詞的名詞詞組置于助動詞was/were之前,在句尾加問號;這種語序是陳述句語序: 如:Who was

44、singing last night?昨晚是誰在唱歌?Tom was singing last night.(就主語提問)是湯姆。 What was she doing when he called?當(dāng)他來訪時,她在做什么?She was reading when he called.她在看書。(就賓語提問)What was that man doing in your room?那個男人在你房間里做什么?(就賓語提問) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時和過去進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成方式的比較:6過去進(jìn)行時的基本用法 表示過去某個時刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動作常和表示過去時間的狀語如then(那時),at this(that)t

45、ime(在這時/那時),yesterday(昨天),last year(去年)等連用。但在不少情況下,沒有表示時間的狀語,此時需通過上下文來表示。 如:What were you doing at about 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon?昨天下午4點(diǎn)鐘左右你在做什么?I was listening to music.我在聽音樂。Jane was working on her homework last night.簡昨晚在寫作業(yè)。 在某事(動作)發(fā)生前開始的動作過去進(jìn)行時和一般過去時經(jīng)常在一個句子里使用。用過去進(jìn)行時表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動作。過去進(jìn)行時可用

46、于主句,亦可用于從句。如:Just as I was leaving the house,the telephone rang.我正要出門,電話鈴響了。(用于從句)He broke his leg when he was playing football.他踢足球的時候把腿傷了。(用于從句)She was reading when he called.他來訪時,她正在看書。(用于主句) 表示同時進(jìn)行的動作如:While you were writing letters,I was reading a book.你寫信的時候,我在看書。While we were having breakfast

47、,John was talking on the telephone.我們吃早飯的時候,約翰在打電話。 表示過去將來的動作過去進(jìn)行時亦可表示從過去某時間看將要發(fā)生的動作。常用在間接引語中。如:She was leaving early the next morning.第二天一早她就要離開此地了。(從過去某時間看)She asked whether he was coming back for lunch.她問他晚飯是否回家來吃。(用于間接引語中)We were coming to see you,but it rained(so we didn't).我們本預(yù)備來看你,只是下雨了。

48、表示客氣的詢問用過去進(jìn)行時比用一般過去時更客氣,更不肯定。如:I was wondering about it.我對那事感到疑惑。I was wondering how to get there quickly/where to spend the weekend.我想知道怎樣才能迅速到達(dá)那里/在何處度周末。7過去進(jìn)行時和一般過去時的區(qū)別過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某時正在進(jìn)行的動作,強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的連續(xù)性。一般過去時表示一個完成的動作,即用一般過去時只表示有過這件事或比較短暫的動作:如:He talked to his girlfriend on the phone yesterday.昨天他和女朋友通過電

49、話。He was talking to his girlfriend on the phone when I came in.我進(jìn)來時,他在和女朋友通電話。It rained yesterday.昨天下過雨。(不一定是一整天) 過去將來時1過去將來時的定義過去將來時主要用于表示過去某個時候看來即將發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。如:He said he would come here next Friday. 他說他下周星期五來這兒。I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble. 我知道當(dāng)我們陷入困境時它會幫助我們。2過去將來時的結(jié)構(gòu) wou

50、ld + 動詞原形。如:She told us that she would try her best to catch up with other classmates this term. 她告訴我們說她將一切努力在本期趕上其他同學(xué)們。When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you. 過去當(dāng)你請她幫忙時,他絕不會拒絕。 was / were going to + 動詞原形。如:He told us that he was going to attend the meeting. 他告訴我說他要參加那次會議。He said

51、that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station. 他說將要拍我去火車站接她。 was / were to + 動詞原形。如:The building was to be completed next month. 這座建筑改在下個月竣工。Li Lei was to arrive soon. 李蕾很快就要到了。 was / were about to + 動詞原形。如:We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly. 就在我

52、們要離開時,天突然下起了大雨。He was about to have lunch when the bell rang. 就在他要吃中飯的時候,門鈴響起來了。 was / were +現(xiàn)在分詞。如:He was leaving the next day. 他第二天要走了。We were informed that the leaders were coming to our school soon. 我們接到通知說領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們很快要來我們學(xué)校。3過去將來時的用法 過去將來時,一般用于主句為過去時的賓語從句中。如:He said he would stay with us. 他說他要與我們呆在一起。

53、He said he would never go there again. 他說他絕不會再去那兒。 過去將來時,用于虛擬語氣中。如:If I were you, I would not do that. 要是我是你的話,我就不會那樣做。If he were here, he would show us how to do it. 如果他在這兒,他就會向我們展示該如何做了。4拓展was / were going to + 動詞原形;was / were to + 動詞原形;was / were about to + 動詞原形等結(jié)構(gòu)都可表達(dá)當(dāng)時一種未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖或打算。如:The confere

54、nce was going to be held the next month. 會議下個月開。We were to have our class at eight. 八點(diǎn)我們該上課了。I was about to tell him about it when Wu Dong got in. 就在我要告訴他時,吳東進(jìn)來了。 將來進(jìn)行時將來進(jìn)行時(The Future Continuous)表示將來某一時刻或某一階段內(nèi)將要發(fā)生的動作。將來進(jìn)行時由“shall/will + be動詞 + 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。shall用于第一人稱,will用于各種人稱。1將來進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成將來進(jìn)行時由shall be+

55、現(xiàn)在分詞(第一人稱),will be+現(xiàn)在分詞(第二、三人稱)構(gòu)成??隙ň洌褐髡Z + shall/will + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞否定句:主語 + shall/will + not + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞疑問句:Shall/Will + 主語 + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞.?疑問代詞/疑問副詞 + shall/will + 主語 + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞?現(xiàn)以動詞work為例,將來進(jìn)行時的肯定式、否定式和疑問式列表如下:2將來進(jìn)行時的肯定句句型:主語 + shall/will + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞將來進(jìn)行時的肯定句由助動詞shall/will加助動詞be再加現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成:如:Hurry up! Th

56、e guests will be arriving at any minute! 快!客人就要來了。We shall be landing in Paris in sixteen minutes.我們將在16分鐘后在巴黎機(jī)場降落。3將來進(jìn)行時的否定句句型:主語 + shall/will + not + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞.將來進(jìn)行時的否定句是在助動詞shall/will之后加not:如:The train won't be leaving until one.火車1點(diǎn)鐘才開。Anyhow,you won't be playing for the next few Saturdays.無論如何,后幾個星期六你不許再玩了。4將來進(jìn)行時的一般疑問句句型: Shall/Will + 主語 + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞.?回答方式:Yes,主語 + shal

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