選修7unit1grammar

1、Revise the InfinitiveRevise the Infinitive Unit 1 GrammarMarty says 2. Then I started to get weaker and weaker, Unfortunately, the doctors dont know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability.3. Even after all that, no one could give my disease a name an

2、d it is difficult to know what the future holds.Sentences from this unit:4. Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered.6. My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up. Marty says 5. I am happy to have found many things I can do, like w

3、riting and computer programming. Marty says 7. Last year I invented and a big company has decided to buy it from me.8. I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. 10. Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as yo

4、u do.9. To look after my pets properly takes a lot of time 不定式由“to+動詞原形”構成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構成不定式短語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。不定式可以作主語、賓語、狀語、表語和定語，但不能單獨作謂語。不定式的邏輯主語有時用“for+名詞或代詞賓格”構成。不定式不定式動詞不定式的作用動詞不定式的作用 Functions of Infinitive 1 主語主語 (subject) 2 表語表語 (predicative) 3 賓語賓語 (object) 4 賓

5、補賓補 (object complement) 5 定語定語 (attribute) 6 狀語狀語 (adverbial) 7 獨立結(jié)構獨立結(jié)構 (absolute construction) 一、不定式作主語一、不定式作主語 (subject)To keep smiling is healthy for you.Its important to look up the new words in the dictionary when you study English.單個不定式作主語時單個不定式作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。謂語動詞用單數(shù)。若不定式太長若不定式太長, 往往用往往用it作形式主

6、語作形式主語, 不定不定式后置。式后置。 My job to protect the world. Your task is to _.二、不定式作表語二、不定式作表語 (predicative) Seeing is to believe. To see is believing. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 不定式常用在系動詞不定式常用在系動詞 be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表語。等后作表語。All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly.如果主語部

7、分有個表示不定式內(nèi)容的如果主語部分有個表示不定式內(nèi)容的do, 用作表語的不定式可省略用作表語的不定式可省略to。 Jeremy Lin likes to play basketball. The girl decided to do it herself. We hope to get there before dark.三、不定式作賓語三、不定式作賓語 (object)常接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：常接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：agree, afford, appear, ask, attempt,care, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, dese

8、rve, determine, expect, fail, get, hate, hesitate, hope, hurry, intend, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, threaten,want, wish四、不定式作賓補四、不定式作賓補 (object complement)My mum asks me to play the piano two hours every day.The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I

9、 expect you to give me some help.引導不定式作賓補的動詞：引導不定式作賓補的動詞：warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等等+ sb. to do sth. notice listen to hear watch 五看五看 see look at observe三三使使 let make have 二聽二聽一感覺一感覺: feel+ sb. do sth.（不帶不帶to）1. They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree. The boy was seen to fall suddenl

10、y from the tree.當以上的動詞用于被動式，當以上的動詞用于被動式，to要還原：要還原： Mother made John wash the car for a week. John was made to wash the car for a week.不定式做賓補時不帶不定式做賓補時不帶to的情況的情況1 不定式在感官動詞不定式在感官動詞(feel, hear, listen to, watch, look at, notice, observe)后；后；2 使役動詞使役動詞(let, have, make)后邊作后邊作賓補時賓補時, 省去省去to, 但是在被動語態(tài)中但是在被動

11、語態(tài)中要還原要還原to；3 不定式用在介詞不定式用在介詞but, except, besides后時后時, 如果這些介詞前有行為動詞如果這些介詞前有行為動詞do的的各種形式各種形式, 那么介詞后的不定式不帶那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶相反則帶to。1) She could do nothing but cry.2) I have no choice but to go.3) What do you like to do besides sleep.五、不定式作定語五、不定式作定語 (attribute)1. Kate is looking for a suitable coat to

12、wear.2. Tom has a nice pen to write with.1. 不定式做定語時常放在被修飾的名不定式做定語時常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后詞或代詞之后(a) She was very busy and had no time to visit her friends.(b) Ladies and gentlemen, I have something important to tell you.不定式作定語不定式作定語不定式作定語與所修飾的詞之間有不定式作定語與所修飾的詞之間有三種關系：三種關系：I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。我有

13、很多工作要做。 He is always the first to come.他總是第一個來。他總是第一個來。 We all have a chance to go to college.我們都有上大學的機會。我們都有上大學的機會。(1) 動賓關系動賓關系(2)主謂關系主謂關系(3)同位關系同位關系2. 當被當被the first, the last, the only等詞以等詞以及形容詞最高級修飾時及形容詞最高級修飾時eg: She is always the first to come and the last to leave.3. something, anything, nothin

14、g, everything等復合不定代詞常用不定式等復合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語。做后置定語。eg: Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 注意比較：注意比較：1) Have you anything to send? 你有什么東西要寄嗎？你有什么東西要寄嗎？2) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？ （不定式（不定式to send的動作執(zhí)行者是的動作執(zhí)行者是you）（不定式（不定式to be sent的動作執(zhí)行者是的動作執(zhí)行者

15、是已被省略的已被省略的me或或someone else） 5. 如果不定式是不及物動詞如果不定式是不及物動詞, 則后面需則后面需 適當?shù)慕樵~。適當?shù)慕樵~。 Please pass me some paper to write _. on4. 也可用在也可用在have to do和和there be 句型中。句型中。 There is no one to take care of her. I have no jewelry to wear.I got up early to _.You came here to _.in order to, so as to,enough to,only to

16、, too . tocatch the train六、不定式作狀語六、不定式作狀語 (adverbial) 在一些短語中也有體在一些短語中也有體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)eg: He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.1) 表示目的表示目的: to in order to so as to不定式作狀語不定式作狀語2) 表示原因表示原因: 不定式可以用在作表語的形容詞后作不定式可以用在作表語的形容詞后作 狀語狀語, sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, q

17、uick, rude, cruel, disappointed 等。等。eg: Im glad / pleased to see you. We were surprised to hear the news.so + adj. / adv. + as to do such + n. + as to do adj. / adv. + enough + to dotoo + adv. / adj. + to do He was so foolish as to believe it. = He was such a fool as to believe it. = He was foolish

18、enough to believe it.3) 結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語: :To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment. to be frank to be honest to tell the truth七、七、獨立結(jié)構獨立結(jié)構 (absolute construction) 1. It is good to help others. 2. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public bu

19、ildings. 3. My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up. Identify its function.Identify its function.(subject)(subject)(predicative)想一想想一想4. I dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. 5. I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake. 6. A big company has deci

20、ded to buy it from me. 7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am. (attribute)(attribute)(object)(object)8. I have had to work hard to live a normal life. 9. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed. 10. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled peop

21、le. (adverbial)(adverbial)(object complement)動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)時時 態(tài)態(tài) 主主 動動 被被 動動一般時一般時進行時進行時完成時完成時完成進完成進行時行時to doto have doneto be doingto have been doingto be doneto have beendone(1) They pretended not to see us.(2) He pretended to be sleeping. (3) She pretended to have known it before.(一般時表示與謂

22、語的動作同時一般時表示與謂語的動作同時/幾乎幾乎/發(fā)發(fā)生在它之后。生在它之后。)(在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時,不定式的動作也不定式的動作也正在進行。正在進行。)(完成時表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。完成時表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。)(4) Were happy to have been working with you. (完成進行時表示謂語動作發(fā)生之完成進行時表示謂語動作發(fā)生之前前,不定式的動作一直在進行而且可能之不定式的動作一直在進行而且可能之后也繼續(xù)。后也繼續(xù)。)不定式的時態(tài)不定式的時態(tài) 不定式的一般時不定式的一般時 to do I am glad to see you.

23、He has decided to give her some money. 表示的動作通常與謂語所表示的動作表示的動作通常與謂語所表示的動作 或狀態(tài)同時或者幾乎同時發(fā)生，或是或狀態(tài)同時或者幾乎同時發(fā)生，或是 在它之后發(fā)生。在它之后發(fā)生。不定式的進行時不定式的進行時 to be doingI am very glad to be working with you.He pretended to be working hardwhen his boss passed him.表示的動作通常與謂語動詞表示的動表示的動作通常與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生。作同時發(fā)生。不定式的完成時不定式的完成時 to

24、 have doneHe happened to have seen the film before. The novel is believed to have been translated into Chinese.不定式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作不定式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作或狀態(tài)之前?；驙顟B(tài)之前。He wanted to have met you at the airport, but he didnt get there in time.表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的期待或者計劃表示過去沒有實現(xiàn)的期待或者計劃hoped, promised, wanted, wished, expected,

25、 planned He would like to have played theviolin at the concert.不定式的完成時在不定式的完成時在would like后邊表示后邊表示未能實現(xiàn)的愿望。未能實現(xiàn)的愿望。 不定式的語態(tài)不定式的語態(tài)主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài) to do 被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài) to be doneIt is an honor for me to be invited to attend the meeting.Everyone likes the hero to be praised.1. prefer n. (doing) to n. (doing)2. prefer

26、to do sth. rather than do sth.3. would rather do4. would rather + 句子（虛擬語氣）句子（虛擬語氣）5. advise / allow / permit / forbid sb. to do advise / allow / permit / forbid doing固定詞組和句型固定詞組和句型幾對易混淆的詞組：幾對易混淆的詞組：stop to do sth. 停下來去做某事停下來去做某事 doing sth. 停止做某事停止做某事forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事忘記去做某事 doing sth. 忘記已做了某事忘

27、記已做了某事remember to do sth. 記得去做某事記得去做某事 doing sth. 記得曾經(jīng)做某事記得曾經(jīng)做某事 The question is very difficult to answer. The problem is difficult to deal with.1. 主語主語 + be + adj. + to do 能用于此句型的形容詞有能用于此句型的形容詞有: difficult, easy, comfortable, fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome(使人疲勞的使人疲勞的), interesting, nice, heavy, dang

28、erous, light, important, etc.主動形式表被動意義的不定式主動形式表被動意義的不定式The box is light enough to carry.The river water is warm enough to swim in.2. 主語主語 + be + adj. + enough + to do The books seemed too heavy to carry. The ice is too thin to skate on.3. 主語主語 + be + too + adj. + to do1. Last summer I took a course

29、on _. A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects3. There are five pairs _, but I am at a loss which to buy. A to be chosen

30、B to choose from C to choose D for choosing4. I find these problems are easy _. A. to be worked out B. to work them out C. to work out D. to be worked them out5. _ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept6. Tom kept quiet about the accident _ lo

31、se his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to7. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eatingReview不定式可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓不定式可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓補、狀語和定語。補、狀語和定語。不定式的完成時：不定式的完成時：to + have + 動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞不定式的被動式：不定式的被動式

32、：to + be + 動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞Individual activity注注: : 另附另附 word word 文檔。文檔。點擊此處鏈接點擊此處鏈接1. _ this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour. (2006廣東廣東) A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. MakingI. Multiple choice. 2. Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) _ birds kept in cages in order to have the ple

33、asure of setting them free. (2007重慶重慶) A. is said to be buying B. is said to have bought C. had said to buy D. has said to have bought3. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _. (2008全國全國) A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed4. Did the book give

34、 the information you needed? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. (2008北京北京) A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding5. David threatened _ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid. (2009上海上海) A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported6. With the world c

35、hanging fast, we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day. (2009重慶重慶) A. deal B. dealt C. to deal D. dealing7. The children all turned _ the famous actress as she entered the classroom. (2009全國全國I) A. looked at B. to look at C. to looking at D. look at8. All of them try to use the power

36、of the workstation _ information in a more effective way. (2009北京北京) A. presenting B. presented C. being presented D. to present 9. With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad. (2010全國全國I) A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought10. We were a

37、stonished _ the temple still in its original condition. (2010遼寧遼寧) A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be found11. I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term. (2010山東山東) A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed12. In many peoples opinion, that company, though relative

38、ly small, is pleasant _. (2010四川四川) A. to deal with B. dealing with C. to be dealt with D. dealt with13. Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars _ as a carpenter before. (2011上海春上海春) A. to work B. to be working C. to have worked D. to have been working14. The difference in thicknes

39、s and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable _. (2011福建福建) A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold15. The ability _ an idea is as important as the idea itself. (2011湖南湖南) A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed16. Having finished her project, she was i

40、nvited by the school _ to the new students. (2012江西江西) A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken17. This machine is very easy _. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. (2012遼寧遼寧) A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate18. Volunteering gives you a chance _ li

41、ves, including your own. (2013北京北京) A. change B. changing C. changed D. to change19. I stopped the car _ a short break as I was feeling tired. (2013山東山東) A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken 20. _ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.

42、(2013湖南湖南) A. StayingB. Stayed C. To stayD. Stay 1. 愛和被愛都是最大的幸福。愛和被愛都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.2. 據(jù)說他已經(jīng)完成了他的工作。據(jù)說他已經(jīng)完成了他的工作。He is said _.3. 根據(jù)報道他們已安全到達。根據(jù)報道他們已安全到達。They are reported _.To love and to be lovedto have finished/completedhis workII. Translation.to have arrived safely4. 我想叫人立刻修理這輛

43、自行車。我想叫人立刻修理這輛自行車。I want this bike _.5. 瑪莉仿佛已經(jīng)被告知此事了?，斃蚍路鹨呀?jīng)被告知此事了。Mary seemed _.6. 眾所周知，奧運會上他被授予了一枚眾所周知，奧運會上他被授予了一枚金牌。金牌。He is known _ a gold medal at the Olympics.to be repaired at onceto have been told about itto have been given/immediatelyIII. 閱讀短文，按照句子結(jié)構的語法性和閱讀短文，按照句子結(jié)構的語法性和 上下文連貫的要求，在空格處使用括上下文連貫的要求，在空格處使用括 號中詞語的正確形式填空。號中詞語的正確形式填空。Children a