人教英語選修六第五單元語法動詞ing的用法精品課件

1、語法指南二三一四五六復(fù)習(xí)動詞-ing形式的用法一、動詞-ing形式做主語動詞-ing形式做主語,指抽象的概念,表示泛指,不涉及具體哪一次的動作,通常也不涉及特定的動作執(zhí)行者。Doing is better than wishing.實踐比空想好。1.動詞-ing形式短語做主語,可用于“主+系+表”結(jié)構(gòu)中,有時可用it做形式主語,但做表語的詞通常有所限制,常常是下列詞或詞組:no good,no use,interesting,a waste,fun,worthwhile,useless,dangerous,foolish,better,hard,nice等。It is no good lear

2、ning without practice.只學(xué)而不實踐是沒用的。語法指南二三一四五六2.動詞-ing形式做主語也可用在“主+謂+賓/狀”結(jié)構(gòu)中。Burning cannot take place without oxygen.沒有氧氣,燃燒就不能進(jìn)行。3.動詞-ing形式也可用在“There is+(no)+動詞-ing”結(jié)構(gòu)中,往往用于說明“不允許、禁止某種活動或是某件事情的發(fā)生或存在”。類似一種建議、命令等。在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,不可用不定式代替動詞-ing形式。There is no joking about such matters.這種事開不得玩笑。4.當(dāng)謂語表示沒有時間性的概念時,也可以

3、用動詞-ing形式做主語。Moving an object doesnt mean doing work.移動物體并不意味著做功。5.“No+動詞-ing”的公告語可看作是省略了“There is”。No spitting!禁止隨地吐痰!語法指南二三一四五六二、動詞-ing形式做賓語1.只能以動詞-ing形式做賓語的動詞有:suggest,avoid,cant help,mind,admit,enjoy,practice等。2.還有些動詞既可以跟動詞-ing形式,也可以跟不定式做賓語。例如:love,like,hate,dislike,begin,start,continue,intend,w

4、ant,need,remember,forget,regret,try等。語法指南二三一四五六三、動詞-ing形式做表語Our job is playing all kinds of music.我們的工作就是演奏各種音樂。The music they are playing sounds so exciting.他們演奏的音樂聽起來如此令人興奮。語法指南二三一四五六四、動詞-ing形式做定語動詞-ing形式做定語可以表示:(1)所修飾詞的用途a waiting room(=a room for waiting)候車室(2)所修飾的詞正在進(jìn)行的動作,可以換成定語從句形式。a waiting m

5、an(=a man who is waiting)正在等待的男子語法指南二三一四五六五、動詞-ing形式做賓語補(bǔ)足語動詞-ing形式做賓語補(bǔ)足語,主要用在某些動詞如see,hear,notice,watch,keep,find,get,have,feel等后,與一個名詞(或代詞)構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。這時動詞-ing形式和句子的賓語之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,并且動詞-ing形式表示賓語正在進(jìn)行的動作。He saw a girl getting on the tractor.(=He saw a girl and she was getting on the tractor.)他看見一個女孩正往拖拉機(jī)

6、上爬。語法指南二三一四五六六、動詞-ing形式做狀語動詞-ing形式做狀語時表示的動作是主語動作的一部分,與謂語表示的動作或狀態(tài)同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生,或是先于謂語動詞動作發(fā)生,它的邏輯主語與句子的主語一致。(一)動詞-ing形式作狀語所表示的意義語法指南二三一四五六(二)動詞-ing形式做狀語的句法功能動詞-ing形式做狀語時表示時間、條件、原因、方式、伴隨、讓步、結(jié)果,多用逗號同句子其他成分隔開。1.做時間狀語。強(qiáng)調(diào)與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生時,動詞-ing形式之前可用連詞while或when等。如:Hearing the bad news,they couldnt help crying.=W

7、hen they heard the bad news,they couldnt help crying.聽到這個壞消息時,他們情不自禁地哭了起來。While playing the piano,she got very excited.=While she was playing the piano,she got very excited.彈鋼琴時(過程中),她變得十分激動。語法指南二三一四五六Having finished their homework,they all went out to play.=After they had finished their homework,th

8、ey all went out to play.完成作業(yè)后,他們都出去玩了。2.做原因狀語。相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句。如:Not recognizing the voice,he refused to give the person his address.=As he didnt recognize the voice,he refused to give the person his address.因為沒聽出那個人是誰,所以他拒絕把自己的地址給他。Being so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.=As he was so angry,he couldnt go to

9、 sleep.因為太生氣了,他睡不著。語法指南二三一四五六3.做讓步狀語。相當(dāng)于一個讓步狀語從句。有時動詞-ing 形式前可帶有連詞although,even if,even though等。如:Although working hard from morning till night,he didnt get enough food.=Although he worked hard from morning till night,he didnt get enough food.雖然他從早到晚拼命干,但掙的還是不夠吃。Having been told many times,he still

10、repeated the same mistake.=Though he had been told many times,he still repeated the same mistake.盡管被告知許多次了,他仍然犯同樣的錯誤。語法指南二三一四五六4.做結(jié)果狀語。做結(jié)果狀語時,通常放在句末,用逗號與前面的部分隔開;有時為了突出結(jié)果,其前可帶thus。如:She was so angry that she threw the plates on the floor,breaking them into pieces.她是如此生氣以至于把盤子扔在地上,摔得粉碎。The bus was hel

11、d up by the snowstorm,thus causing the delay.公共汽車被風(fēng)雪所阻,因而耽擱了。5.做條件狀語。做條件狀語時,相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。如:Taking(=If you take)the path that leads out of the town,you will come to a dense wood.如果你沿著通向郊外的小道前進(jìn),就會走到一片密林處。語法指南二三一四五六6.表示方式或伴隨情況。這種用法可以用并列復(fù)合句或兩個簡單句代替。如:They came into the classroom singing and laughing.=

12、They sang and laughed,and came into the classroom.他們又唱又笑地走進(jìn)了教室。He stood leaning against the wall.=He stood and leaned against the wall.他靠墻站著。(三)動詞-ing形式做狀語的基本原則1.動詞-ing形式有一般式和完成式。動詞-ing形式的完成式表示的動作在謂語動詞表示的動作之前已經(jīng)完成。Having found the answer,he felt relieved.找到答案后,他如釋重負(fù)。語法指南二三一四五六2.動詞-ing形式被動語態(tài)的一般式表示一個被動

13、動作正在進(jìn)行,或與謂語動詞表示的動作同時進(jìn)行;動詞-ing形式被動語態(tài)的完成式表示一個被動動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前已經(jīng)完成。Youll find the topic being discussed everywhere.你會發(fā)現(xiàn)到處都在討論這個話題。Having been taught hundreds of words,the students can make up simple dialogues.被教會幾百個單詞后,這些學(xué)生能組織簡單對話了。3.動詞-ing形式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)是在分詞前加not,注意不要受謂語動詞否定形式的影響。動詞-ing形式完成式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)通常不把not置于having和過去分詞之間。Not knowing how to do it,he had to ask for help.因為不知道該怎樣做,他不得不尋求幫助。語法指南二三一四五六Not having received any reply,he decided to write another letter.由于沒收到任何答復(fù),他決定再寫一封信。4.一般情況下,當(dāng)動詞-ing形式做狀語時,其邏輯主語就是句子主語。如果動詞-ing形式邏輯主語和句子主語不一致,即為錯句。另外,動詞-ing形式或動詞-ing短語也可以有自己的邏輯主語,它們之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,稱之為獨(dú)立主