高中英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)課件

1、語態(tài)語態(tài)(voice)是個(gè)語法范疇，它是一種動(dòng)詞形是個(gè)語法范疇，它是一種動(dòng)詞形式，表示動(dòng)詞的主語與該動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之式，表示動(dòng)詞的主語與該動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之間的主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)關(guān)系。當(dāng)主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者間的主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)關(guān)系。當(dāng)主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語態(tài)（時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語態(tài)（Active Voice）；如果）；如果主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，動(dòng)詞便用被動(dòng)語態(tài)主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，動(dòng)詞便用被動(dòng)語態(tài)（Passive Voice）。）。 We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我們打掃了教室。昨天我們打掃了教室。The classroom was cleaned by us

2、 yesterday. 昨天教室被我們打掃了。昨天教室被我們打掃了。動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。當(dāng)主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，原來的賓語變成了主語，原來的主語變成了介詞by 的賓語。主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句的結(jié)構(gòu)雖然不同，但動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者和承受者的關(guān)系并沒有改變。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： am / is / are doneam / is / are done一般過去時(shí)：一般過去時(shí)： was / were donewas / were done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： am / is / are being doneam / is / are being done過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

3、： was / were being donewas / were being done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： have / has been donehave / has been done過去完成時(shí)：過去完成時(shí)： had been donehad been done一般將來時(shí)：一般將來時(shí)： shall / will be done ; be going shall / will be done ; be going to be doneto be done當(dāng)句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)為當(dāng)句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)為 can / must can / must / have tobe

4、done/ have tobe doneHe is regarded as a brilliant. 他被認(rèn)為很有才氣。他被認(rèn)為很有才氣。This book was written in 1969. 這本書是這本書是1969年寫成的。年寫成的。The broken bike is being repaired now. 那輛壞了的自行車正在被修理。那輛壞了的自行車正在被修理。He told us the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告訴我們打電話時(shí)他正在給貓洗澡。他告訴我們打電話時(shí)他正在給貓洗澡。The pen has been used

5、 for several years. 這支鋼筆已經(jīng)用了幾年。這支鋼筆已經(jīng)用了幾年。He said the factory had been opened . 他說這家工廠已經(jīng)開張。他說這家工廠已經(jīng)開張。The work will be finished in three hours. 工作將于三小時(shí)后完成。工作將于三小時(shí)后完成。The baby must be looked after well. 這孩子必須被好好照顧。這孩子必須被好好照顧。在被動(dòng)句中有時(shí)用在被動(dòng)句中有時(shí)用by- 詞組，有時(shí)不用。一般詞組，有時(shí)不用。一般來說，當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者為誰不甚清楚，不甚重來說，當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者為誰不甚清楚

6、，不甚重要或難以說出時(shí)，通常不用要或難以說出時(shí)，通常不用by。但有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)。但有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者或者由于上下和結(jié)構(gòu)上的需要?jiǎng)t調(diào)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者或者由于上下和結(jié)構(gòu)上的需要?jiǎng)t必須使用必須使用 by 詞組。例如：詞組。例如：Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. 哈姆雷特哈姆雷特是莎士比亞寫的。是莎士比亞寫的。People speak English almost all over the world. 世界各地都有人講英語。世界各地都有人講英語。當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的賓語是當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的賓語是thatthat引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，可轉(zhuǎn)換為兩種形式的被動(dòng)句?？赊D(zhuǎn)換為兩種形式的被

7、動(dòng)句。English is spoken almost all over the world.1 1含有單賓語的主動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換：含有單賓語的主動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換：(一一) 主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換People believe that he is an honest boy. 大家認(rèn)為他大家認(rèn)為他是個(gè)誠實(shí)的孩子。是個(gè)誠實(shí)的孩子。2.2.含有雙賓語的主動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換含有雙賓語的主動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換I gave the book to Mr. Smith yesterday. 昨天我給了史密斯先生一本書。昨天我給了史密斯先生一本書。 It is believed that he is an honest

8、 boy.The boy is believed to be an honest one.The book was given to Mr. Smith yesterday ( by me).2) 把賓語從句里的主語變成被動(dòng)句的主語，同時(shí)把把賓語從句里的主語變成被動(dòng)句的主語，同時(shí)把賓語從句中的謂語變成不定式短語。賓語從句中的謂語變成不定式短語。1) 用先行的用先行的it作形式主語，把賓語從句變成后置的作形式主語，把賓語從句變成后置的主語從句；主語從句；3. 3. 含有介詞動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換。含有介詞動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換。They have never listened to him. 人家從不聽

9、人家從不聽他的話。他的話。表示被動(dòng)意義的主動(dòng)句：表示被動(dòng)意義的主動(dòng)句：Cotton feels soft. 棉花摸上去很柔軟。棉花摸上去很柔軟。Ripe apples pick easily. 熟了的蘋果容易摘下來。熟了的蘋果容易摘下來。He has never been listened to.Mr. Smith was given a book yesterday (by me).語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換(Give the students some minutes to discuss)1.He teaches English in our school.2.She gave me a book. En

10、glish is taught in our school by him.I was given a book by her./A book was given to me byher.口訣口訣1：賓提前變主，主變介by賓，被動(dòng)be加done,時(shí)態(tài)看主動(dòng)?？谠E口訣2：如 遇雙賓語，最好變間賓，如若變直賓，間賓前加to/for(pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell)3.He made me do the work.I was made to do the work by him.口訣口訣3：這些動(dòng)詞真奇怪，主動(dòng)句中to 離開，被動(dòng)句中to回 來。（feel,li

11、sten to,hear,let have,make,look at,see,watch)4.They take good care of the baby.The baby is taken good care of by them.注意：含動(dòng)詞詞組的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，須將其看作一個(gè)整體，不可把它們分隔開來。有些情況下動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式也可以表示被動(dòng)意義。有些情況下動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式也可以表示被動(dòng)意義。 一、表示一、表示“開始開始”；“結(jié)束結(jié)束”類的動(dòng)詞。常見類的動(dòng)詞。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有的這類動(dòng)詞有begin, start, open, close, end, finish, stop等。例如：等。例如： S

12、chool begins in September. The stores in this area open later at weekends than at weekdays. 二、主語是物，謂語是表示主語特征或?qū)傩远⒅髡Z是物，謂語是表示主語特征或?qū)傩缘膭?dòng)詞。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有的動(dòng)詞。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有write, read, wear, wash, clean, sell, run, lock等。這些動(dòng)詞常等。這些動(dòng)詞常與副詞或否定詞連用。例如：與副詞或否定詞連用。例如： The machine runs well. This pen writes quite smoothly. The

13、 bookshelf hardly sells. 三、表示主語狀態(tài)特征的連系動(dòng)詞：三、表示主語狀態(tài)特征的連系動(dòng)詞：look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear等。等。例如：例如： Do you like the material? Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is feltCYour idea sounds reasonable. What he said proved to be correct. 四、動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義四、動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 1.

14、 在在need, require, want(需要需要)等動(dòng)詞后，等動(dòng)詞后，表示某物表示某物(人人)要進(jìn)行要進(jìn)行處理時(shí)，后接動(dòng)名處理時(shí)，后接動(dòng)名詞一般式的主動(dòng)形式作賓語表示被動(dòng)意義，詞一般式的主動(dòng)形式作賓語表示被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于不定式的被動(dòng)式。例如：相當(dāng)于不定式的被動(dòng)式。例如： Youve come just in time to help us. Fine, what requires doing? (=Fine, what requires to be done?) This sentence needs _ . A. an improvement B. improve C. improvi

15、ng D. improvedC2. be worth 后接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。后接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。 His suggestion is not worth considering. 五、動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義五、動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 1. 不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式有邏不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)。例如：輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)。例如： The next train to arrive was from New York. 2. 作定語的不定式與被修飾的名詞或代詞有作定語的不定式與被修飾的名詞或代詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且句子的主語或間

16、接賓邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且句子的主語或間接賓語與該不定式有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)。語與該不定式有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)。 Please give me something to eat. I have a lot of work to do today. 3. 用在作表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的形容詞后面的用在作表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的形容詞后面的不定式，如果與句子的主語或賓語有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系不定式，如果與句子的主語或賓語有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，一般用主動(dòng)形式。例如：時(shí)，一般用主動(dòng)形式。例如： His speech in English was difficult to follow. Do you think him easy to

17、 get along with?( (間接賓語間接賓語meme是是to eatto eat的邏輯主語的邏輯主語) ) ( (主語主語I I是是to doto do的邏輯主語的邏輯主語) ) ( (狀語狀語to followto follow與主語有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系與主語有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系) )( (不定式與賓語有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系不定式與賓語有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系) )Drills：A:1.It suddenly snowed while Mary _for the bus.A.waited B.waits C.was waiting D.was waited2.A big power station( )_in my home

18、town now.A.has been built B.is being built C.has built D.is building .3.Stamps_by people for sending letters.A.use B.using C.used D.are used.4.Must old people_to politely?A.speak B.spoken C.be spoke D.be spokenCBDD5.Bike mustnt_everywhere.A.be up B.be put C.put C.putting6.The woman fell off the bike

19、 and _on the road.A.lay B.was lain C.lied D.has lain7.The old man and the children_in our country.A.must take good care B.must be take good care ofC.must take good care of Dmust be taken good care of 8.Granny Wang told the little children that the sun_From the east.A.has risenB.rise C.rises D.is ris

20、en BADC9.All trees must_well when it is dry.A.be water B.watering C.water D.be watered10._I think the shop_._No,its open. It_at six. closed Asked Bwill be asked C.closed;closesD.closes;is 11.This bike is made in America. Its_for travelling.A.A.use B.using C.to use D.usedDDD1.The key _for locking the classroom door. A.uses B. is used C.is using D.use 2.A new school _over there in two years. A.may built B.may be built C. is built 3. He was made _yesterday. A.cry B.to cry C.crying D.to be cried4.The PRC_on October 1,1949. A.was found B. is fou