高中英語分詞語法(46張)

1、一、一、-ing形式作定語（形式作定語（attribute）1. 單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作定語位于形式作定語位于被修飾名詞的前面被修飾名詞的前面, 既可以表示被修飾既可以表示被修飾者的作用或功能者的作用或功能, 也可以表示被修飾者也可以表示被修飾者的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：building materials = materials for building 建筑材料建筑材料drinking water = water for drinking 飲用水飲用水a(chǎn) walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖手杖a reading room =

2、a room for reading 閱覽室閱覽室a writing desk = a desk for writing 寫字臺(tái)寫字臺(tái) tiring music = music that is tiring 煩人的音樂煩人的音樂 a surprising result = a result that is surprising 一個(gè)驚人的結(jié)果一個(gè)驚人的結(jié)果比較比較: a swimming pool a swimming boy a sleeping car a sleeping baby2. ing 形式短語作定語時(shí)形式短語作定語時(shí), 放在所修飾的放在所修飾的名詞之后名詞之后, 并且在意思上相

3、當(dāng)于一個(gè)并且在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。如：定語從句。如： They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他們住在一間面朝街的房子。他們住在一間面朝街的房子。 The man standing there is Peters father. = The man who is standing there is Peters father. 站在那兒的那個(gè)人是彼得的父親。站在那兒的那個(gè)人是彼得的父親。Anybody swimming in this river will

4、be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined. 在這條河里游泳的任何一個(gè)人都會(huì)被罰款。在這條河里游泳的任何一個(gè)人都會(huì)被罰款。3. -ing形式短語也可以用作非限制定語形式短語也可以用作非限制定語, 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語從句, 這時(shí)這時(shí), 它與句子其他部分用逗號(hào)分開。如：它與句子其他部分用逗號(hào)分開。如：His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teache

5、r, lives in Beijing. 他那個(gè)當(dāng)教師的哥哥住在北京。他那個(gè)當(dāng)教師的哥哥住在北京。The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. = The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. 那棵蘋果樹碩果累累那棵蘋果樹碩果累累, 在微風(fēng)中輕輕搖曳。在微風(fēng)中輕輕搖曳。 （ 快要淹死的人快要淹死的人已經(jīng)淹死的人已經(jīng)淹死的人正在飄落的樹葉正在飄落的樹葉落葉落葉退休工人退休工人逃犯逃犯

6、歸國留學(xué)生歸國留學(xué)生 三、三、-ing形式作表語形式作表語 -ing形式作表語時(shí)放在系動(dòng)詞之后形式作表語時(shí)放在系動(dòng)詞之后, 用來泛指用來泛指某種動(dòng)作或行為某種動(dòng)作或行為, 以說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)或以說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)或情況。如：情況。如：Her hobby is painting. 她的業(yè)余愛好是畫畫。她的業(yè)余愛好是畫畫。My job is looking after the children.我的工作就是照顧這些孩子。我的工作就是照顧這些孩子。His concern for his mother is most touching.他對(duì)母親的關(guān)愛很感人。他對(duì)母親的關(guān)愛很感人。She was

7、very pleasing in her appearance.： ：解析該題考查分詞作表語的用法。該題考查分詞作表語的用法?！皌o pay sb. by the hour” 計(jì)時(shí)給某人報(bào)酬。此題被動(dòng)計(jì)時(shí)給某人報(bào)酬。此題被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)作表語。類似的有：結(jié)構(gòu)作表語。類似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.-ing作表語與作表語與-ed作表語的區(qū)別作表語的區(qū)別 五、五、-ing形式和過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語形式和過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語1) 位置：常放在賓語后面位置：常放在賓語后面, -ing形式表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)性的動(dòng)作形式表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)性的動(dòng)作, 強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過

8、程或一種狀態(tài)。強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過程或一種狀態(tài)。過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，如：過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，如：1）When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 2.I saw many people injured in the accident.We found the snake eating the eggs. We found the cake eaten up by the boys.I found a bag lying on the ground. I found a bag put on the

9、ground.The boss kept the workers working the whole night. 那老板讓工人整夜地工作。那老板讓工人整夜地工作。3) 當(dāng)主句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)當(dāng)主句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí), 原來作原來作賓語補(bǔ)足語的便轉(zhuǎn)換為主語補(bǔ)足語。如：賓語補(bǔ)足語的便轉(zhuǎn)換為主語補(bǔ)足語。如：They found the result very satisfying. = The result is found very satisfying.這個(gè)結(jié)果很令人滿意。這個(gè)結(jié)果很令人滿意。I found the boy puzzled.=The boy was found puzzledTh

10、ey heard him singing in the next room. = He was heard singing in the next room. I heard the song sung in English= The song was heard sung in English. 4). 能用分詞形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的幾類動(dòng)詞能用分詞形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的幾類動(dòng)詞: 表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞, 常見的有常見的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。如：等。如：I f

11、elt somebody patting me on the shoulder. He observed the thief beaten by the passengers.5) 表示指使意義的動(dòng)詞表示指使意義的動(dòng)詞, 常見的有常見的有 have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：等。如：I wont have you doing that. He had his money stolen on the bus.I cant get the clock going again.You wont catch me doing that again.I found

12、 him caught in the rain.We found many people trapped in the liftsee, hear, feel, watch等動(dòng)詞之后用等動(dòng)詞之后用-ing形式形式和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別：和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別： 前者表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行前者表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行, 而后者表示而后者表示(或強(qiáng)調(diào)或強(qiáng)調(diào)) 動(dòng)作從開始到結(jié)束的全過程。如動(dòng)作從開始到結(jié)束的全過程。如:We passed by the classmates and saw the teacher making the experiment.我們走過教室我們走過教室, 看見老師在做實(shí)

13、驗(yàn)?？匆娎蠋熢谧鰧?shí)驗(yàn)。(只在走過教室的剎那間只在走過教室的剎那間, 看見老師正在做實(shí)驗(yàn)看見老師正在做實(shí)驗(yàn))We sat for an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment. 我們坐了一個(gè)小時(shí)我們坐了一個(gè)小時(shí), 看老師做實(shí)驗(yàn)?？蠢蠋熥鰧?shí)驗(yàn)。(一個(gè)小時(shí)之內(nèi)一直在看老師作實(shí)驗(yàn)一個(gè)小時(shí)之內(nèi)一直在看老師作實(shí)驗(yàn)) 如果賓語補(bǔ)足語是短暫性動(dòng)詞如果賓語補(bǔ)足語是短暫性動(dòng)詞, 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式短語表示一次動(dòng)作短語表示一次動(dòng)作, 而而-ing形式則表示反復(fù)動(dòng)作。形式則表示反復(fù)動(dòng)作。e.g. We heard the door slam. We hear

14、d the door slamming. ( (反復(fù)動(dòng)作反復(fù)動(dòng)作) )( (一次動(dòng)作一次動(dòng)作) )現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí), 分詞的邏輯主語必須是分詞的邏輯主語必須是句子的主語句子的主語, 分詞必須和句中的主語含有邏輯分詞必須和句中的主語含有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系上的主謂關(guān)系, 否則不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。否則不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。但要注意它的各種形式變化但要注意它的各種形式變化:主動(dòng)形式主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式 V-ing being V-ed having V-ed having been V-ed 一般式一般式完成式完成式e. g. Hearing the

15、bell, the students began to enter the classroom. 聽見鈴聲聽見鈴聲, 學(xué)生們開始走進(jìn)教室。學(xué)生們開始走進(jìn)教室。(聽見和進(jìn)入兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生聽見和進(jìn)入兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生)The building being built now is our new library. 現(xiàn)在正在建造的這棟樓房室我們現(xiàn)在正在建造的這棟樓房室我們的新圖書館。的新圖書館。(being built為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式形式, 表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行之中表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行之中)Having done the work, he went home. 完成了工作完成了工作, 他

16、就回家了。他就回家了?，F(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語, 修飾謂語動(dòng)詞或修飾謂語動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子整個(gè)句子, 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的原因、時(shí)間、原因、時(shí)間、方式、結(jié)果、條件、伴隨狀況方式、結(jié)果、條件、伴隨狀況等。現(xiàn)在等?，F(xiàn)在分詞分詞一般不用作表目的地狀語一般不用作表目的地狀語(通常用通常用不定式表目的地狀語不定式表目的地狀語)。Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.(=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine

17、.)While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.(=While waiting for the bus,he read a copy of China Daily.)1)表時(shí)間狀語表時(shí)間狀語2) 表原因狀語表原因狀語Being ill, he didnt go to school.(=as he was ill, he didnt go to school.)Being a student, you should study hard.(=Since you are a student, you should study h

18、ard.)既然你是一個(gè)學(xué)生既然你是一個(gè)學(xué)生, 你就應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)你就應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。由于想到它或許在家由于想到它或許在家, 所以我就給他打了電話。所以我就給他打了電話。Thinking he might be at home, I called him.(As I thought he might be at home, I called him.) 3)表方式、伴隨情況的狀語表方式、伴隨情況的狀語: 作伴隨狀語的作伴隨狀語的分詞表示的動(dòng)作分詞表示的動(dòng)作, 必須是必須是主語的一個(gè)動(dòng)作主語的一個(gè)動(dòng)作, 或是或是與謂語所表示地動(dòng)作與謂語所表示地動(dòng)作(或狀態(tài)或狀態(tài))同時(shí)發(fā)生同時(shí)發(fā)生, 或是或是對(duì)謂語表示

19、的動(dòng)詞對(duì)謂語表示的動(dòng)詞(或狀態(tài)或狀態(tài))作進(jìn)一步作進(jìn)一步地補(bǔ)充說明地補(bǔ)充說明。e.g. He sat on the sofa, watching TV.(=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.)他們笑著談著走進(jìn)了教室。他們笑著談著走進(jìn)了教室。_ , they went into the classroom.他斜靠他斜靠(lean)著墻站著。著墻站著。He stood leaning against the wall.(He stood and leaned against the wall.)Laughing and talking4) 表結(jié)果表結(jié)果e.g. Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother. (=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.)全國到處在傳唱這首歌曲全國到處在傳唱這首歌曲, 使它成了一首使它成了一首最受歡迎的歌曲。最受歡迎的歌曲。The song is sung all over the country,_.making it the most popular song5) 表?xiàng)l件表