動機與工作ppt課件

1、Myers PSYCHOLOGY Myers PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 12Motivation and Work Motivation Motivation a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior Instinct complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearnedMotivation Drive-Reduction Theory the idea that a physiological need cre

2、ates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the needDrive-reducingbehaviors(eating, drinking)Need(e.g., forfood, water)Drive(hunger, thirst)Motivation Homeostasis tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state regulation of any aspect of body chemistry a

3、round a particular level Incentive a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behaviorMaslows Hierarchy of Needs begins at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied then higher-level safety needs become active then psychological needs become activeMotivation-Hu

4、nger Stomach contractions accompany our feelings of hungerMotivation-Hunger Glucose the form of sugar that circulates in the blood provides the major source of energy for body tissues when its level is low, we feel hungerMotivation-Hunger Set Point the point at which an individuals “weight thermosta

5、t is supposedly set when the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight Basal Metabolic Rate bodys base rate of energy expenditureMotivation-Hunger The hypothalamus controls eating and other body maintenance functionsMotivation

6、-HungerEating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa when a normal-weight person diets and becomes significantly (15%) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve usually an adolescent female Bulimia Nervosa disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed b

7、y vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exerciseWomens Body ImagesSexual Motivation Sex a physiologically based motive, like hunger, but it is more affected by learning and values Sexual Response Cycle the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson excitement plateau o

8、rgasm resolutionSexual Motivation Refractory Period resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm Estrogen a sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males Forces Affecting Sexual MotivationSexual Motivation Same drives, different attitudesSexual Mo

9、tivation Births to unwed parentsSexual Motivation Sexual Orientation an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either ones own gender (homosexual orientation) or the other gender (heterosexual orientation)Sexual MotivationSexual MotivationMotivation at Work Flow a completely, involved, focused

10、 state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of ones skills Industrial/Organizational (I/O) Psychology the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplacesMotivation at Work Personnel Psychology sub

11、-field of I-O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development Organizational Psychology Sub-field of I-O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational changeMotivat

12、ion at WorkMotivation at Work Structured Interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants rated on established scales Achievement Motivation a desire for significant accomplishment for mastery of things, people, or ideas for attaining a high standardMotivation at Work Pe

13、rsonnel psychologists tasksMotivation at Work 360-degree feedbackMotivation at Work On the right pathMotivation Task Leadership goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals Social Leadership group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers supportMotivation Theory X assumes that workers are basically lazy, error-prone, and extrins