現(xiàn)在分詞 高中英語 語法 高三 總復(fù)習(xí)

1、Present Participle現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞由動詞加ing構(gòu)成。 非謂語動詞中的現(xiàn)在分詞主要起形容詞和副詞的作用，在句中作定語、表語、補語或狀語。 現(xiàn)在分詞一. 構(gòu)成形式 doing 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動的或進行的動作現(xiàn)在分詞的兩個基本特點 1. 在時間上表示動作在時間上表示動作正在進行正在進行。 例如： a developing country. 一個發(fā)展中的國家 boiling water 沸水 rising sun 冉冉升起的太陽 試比較： 一個發(fā)達國家 白開水 升起的太陽 a developed countryboiled waterrisen sun現(xiàn)在分詞的兩個基本特

2、點 在語態(tài)上表示主動。 例如： the ruling class 統(tǒng)治階級 the exploiting class 剝削階級。 試比較： 被統(tǒng)治階級 被剝削階級the ruled class the exploited class現(xiàn)在分詞三. 時態(tài)與語態(tài) 所有否定式都是在ing前面加not 包括獨立主格形式 主動形式主動形式被動形式被動形式一般形式一般形式doingbeing done完成形式完成形式having donehaving been done現(xiàn)在分詞各種形式 1、現(xiàn)在分詞一般式所表示的動作通常與謂語動作詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生，有時也可能略早于或遲于謂語動作，但兩者之間沒有時間間隔

3、。 例如: Dont you sit there doing nothing. 別什么也不干坐在那里。 It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country. 雨下得很大，引發(fā)了村里嚴重的洪災(zāi)。現(xiàn)在分詞各種形式 2、現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式主要表示發(fā)生在謂語動作之前的動作。 例如: Having failed twice, he didnt want to try again. 他已經(jīng)失敗了兩次，不想再試了。Having finished his homework, he went back home. 完成作業(yè)后，他回家?，F(xiàn)在分詞各種形

4、式3、當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語與現(xiàn)在分詞為被動關(guān)系時，現(xiàn)在分詞要用被動式。 例如: The house being built is a big project. * The question being discussed is of great importance. Having been warned by the teacher, the students didnt make such mistakes. Having been told many times, he still did not know how to do it. Not having finished his wo

5、rk，he could not leave the office.Exercises （1） _hard before, Tom is afraid of failing in the exam. A. Having been worked B. Not to have worked C. Having never worked D. Never have worked（2）He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information.(2000上海卷)A.hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope（3）A cook will

6、be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. ( 03全國高考題)A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked現(xiàn)在分詞 作謂語*1. 主要構(gòu)成各種進行時態(tài) They are doing some pattern practice. She is seeing a friend off. Ill be waiting for you at the entrance. They have been designing a new jet plane. 現(xiàn)在分詞 作謂語* 2. 構(gòu)成不定式的進行形式

7、He seems to be worrying about something. Walter happened to be working in the next room. Theyre said to be making an important experiment. I dont want you to be wasting your time like this.現(xiàn)在分詞 作表語1. 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語多表示主語的特征，特別是那些表示情緒情緒的詞。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。

8、 例如： The story is moving. The dirty street is disgusting. He was very amusing. This interruption is very annoying.現(xiàn)在分詞 作表語 一些表示狀態(tài)，品質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞也可用作表語。 例如： The photograph is missing. She is always very obliging. That cake looks tempting. Is the matter pressing?現(xiàn)在分詞 作定語 1. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，通常放在所修飾詞前，表示正在進行的或主動的動作，也可

9、以說明被修飾詞的性質(zhì)和特征。 例如： The sleeping boy is Tom. He saw a flying bird and raised his bow. I was satisfied with the exciting speech. 現(xiàn)在分詞 作定語 2. 現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語放在所修飾詞的后面，相當(dāng)于定語從句。 例如 ： Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light. (=

10、 Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise. )現(xiàn)在分詞 作定語 現(xiàn)在分詞可相當(dāng)于非限制性定語，常用逗號分開。例如： Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. (= Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.) 現(xiàn)在分詞 作定語3. 有時現(xiàn)在分詞可以和副詞或名詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞作定語。 例如： This is an English-speaki

11、ng country. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的易錯考點現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的易錯考點 注意注意1：現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時不可作定語 那個在北京住了十年的男孩是我兄弟。 The boy who having lived in Beijing for ten years is my brother.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的易錯考點現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的易錯考點 The boy who having lived in Beijing for ten years is my brother. 上句想用定語從句,但從句是應(yīng)該用的是謂語形式,而上句用了having lived的現(xiàn)在分詞形式,它是不能作謂語的.其實現(xiàn)在分詞作定語就是表示正

12、在發(fā)生,不可能用它的完成式來作定語.如果想表達已經(jīng).的人或事，必須用定語從句, 例如： The man living in this room is a teacher. 分詞短語相當(dāng)于who is living in this room. The man who has lived in this room for ten years is a teacher.這句中只能用定語從句來表示.不能用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的易錯考點現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的易錯考點 注意注意2：在message，letter，sign，news，notice等媒體詞后，用表示“說道、寫道”的動詞作定語來說明該名

13、詞的具體內(nèi)容時，只能用現(xiàn)在分詞而不用過去分詞。 例如：（1）Yesterday I bought a book saying some parents dont have enough time to stay with their children. （2）Peter received the letter just now saying his grandma would come to see him soon. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的易錯考點現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的易錯考點注意注意3. 某些現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時，已不再表示動作，已經(jīng)從分詞變?yōu)榱诵稳菰~詞性。 例如： an interesting stor

14、y an exciting match 這些也可以屬于現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，可以有三級變化（原級、比較級、最高級）和被某些副詞如very修飾?，F(xiàn)在分詞 作狀語1. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，可作時間、條件、結(jié)果、原因和伴隨狀語，表示正在進行的或主動的動作。此時分詞的邏輯主語就是主句的主語，因此要注意人稱、時態(tài)和語態(tài)的一致性。 例如： The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here. Seeing from the top of the hill,

15、 we can find that the city looks more beautiful. 現(xiàn)在分詞 作狀語 作時間、條件、原因、讓步狀語事要位于句首，且與后面用逗號隔開，能轉(zhuǎn)換為一個相應(yīng)的狀語從句。 作結(jié)果、方式、伴隨狀語時要位于句尾，且與前面用逗號隔開，有時也可以不用 ?，F(xiàn)在分詞 作狀語 1）作時間狀語）作時間狀語 Walking on the street, I saw him. 當(dāng)我在街上走時，我看到他了 當(dāng)我要表達正在進行的動作時，我們可以在分詞前面加上whenwhile. 那么上面的例句就可以改寫為 When/While walking in the street, I sa

16、w him. （有時也可以理解為時間狀語從句中的省略，但是不是時時成立的） When/While I was walking in the street, I saw him. 現(xiàn)在分詞 作狀語 Walking in the street, I saw him. 翻譯成”當(dāng)我在街上走時，我看到他了” 而不可以翻譯為”當(dāng)他在街上走時，他看到我了” 這個是因為 ?“分詞作狀語時,其邏輯主語一般要與句中主語保持一致.”現(xiàn)在分詞 作狀語 “當(dāng)他在街上走時，我看到他了?！?分詞作狀語：When/While he was walking in the street, I saw him. He walki

17、ng in the street, I saw him. 現(xiàn)在分詞 作狀語2）作條件狀語 e.g. Working hard, you will succeed. 3）作原因狀語 e.g. Being ill, she stayed at home. 注意 being是常用來作原因狀語的 4）作讓步狀語 e.g. Having failed many times, he didnt lost heart. 現(xiàn)在分詞 作狀語5）作結(jié)果狀語 e.g. His friend died, leaving him a lot of money, 6）作方式狀語 e.g. Please answer th

18、e question using another way. 7）作伴隨狀語，可以轉(zhuǎn)化為一個并列句 e.g. He is standing there, singing. 現(xiàn)在分詞 作狀語2. 現(xiàn)在分詞的獨立主格獨立主格 分詞的獨立主格實質(zhì)就是分詞作狀語 只不過它不符合我們說的那條”分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語一般要與句中主語保持一致” Winter coming，it gets colder and colder it在句中指代的是”天氣”現(xiàn)在分詞 作狀語 注意當(dāng)邏輯主語是人的身體部位時，如果后面的動詞是vt 我們就用過去分詞；如果是vi我們就用現(xiàn)在分詞。（其實用過去分詞時是因為身體部位作了它的賓語 ） e.g. The boy lay on the ground，his eyes closed and his hands trembling這個男孩躺在地上