大學有機化學雙語教學輔助材料—單詞對照

1、LearningSupplementsinOrganicChemistry有機化學雙語教學輔助材料（常見中英文專業(yè)單詞對照）有機化學常見概念中英對照中文名稱英文名3酮酸酯3-ketoneesterDL規(guī)則DLconventionD-異構體D-isomerE-異構體EisomerL-異構體L-isomern+1規(guī)則n+1rule兀鍵pibondR/S構型命名法Cahn-Ingold-Prelog(CIP)R/SconventionR基Rgroups-反式構象s-transconformationa，-私飽和酮a,-UnsaturatedketoneO鍵sigmabond氨、氨水ammonia(N

2、H3)氨基aminogroup氨基酸aminoacid氨絡物ammine鏤根離子ammoniumion(NH4+)ammonium.胺amine螯合物chelate八隅規(guī)則octetrule半縮醛hemiacetal半縮酮hemiketal飽和脂肪族燒saturatedaliphatichydrocarbon苯benzene苯環(huán)phenylring苯基phenylgroup苯快；脫氫苯benzyne芳基；苯甲基benzylgroup變性denaturation變旋Mutarotation氫離子活度的pH值pH丙二烯Allenes丙烷propane薄層色譜thinlayerchromatogra

3、phy(TLC)不飽和煌unsaturatedhydrocarbon不規(guī)則的Atactic不完全八隅體incompleteoctet布朗斯特堿Br.stedbase布朗斯特酸Br.stedacid部分消旋的Scalemic差向異構化作用Epimerization差向異構體Epimers拆分；分辨率；分離度Resolution超共軻;超共軻效應Hyperconjugation稠環(huán)芳煌Condensedaromatics船式構象Conformation(boat)純手性；純手性的Homochiral醇Alcohol(ROH)醇酸Alcoholicacid醇鹽Alkoxide(RO-M+)alkox

4、ideion.醋酸鹽Acetate單分子親核取代反應SN1reaction單分子消除反應E1eliminationreaction單配位基Monodentate蛋白質Protein等時的；同步的Isochronous等位；等位的；Homotopic狄爾斯-阿爾德反應Diels-Alderreaction電負性Electronegativity電環(huán)化反應、乃鍵環(huán)化反應Electrocyclicreactions電價鍵；離子鍵Ionicbond電偶極矩Electricdipolemoment（科）電偶極子Electricdipole淀粉Starch動理學；動力學Kinetics動力學拆分Kinet

5、icresolution動力學產物Kineticproduct對Para對稱面Planeofsymmetry對甲基苯磺酸鹽Ots,Tosylate(toluene-4-sulfonate,4-mec6h4so3)對澳苯磺酸鹽Obs,Brosylate(4-bromobenzenesulfonate,4-brc6h4so3),對旋Disrotatory對映體Enantiomers對映體過量百分數(shù)Enantiomericexcess;enantiomericratio對映體過量的Enantiomericallyenriched對映異位的Enantiotopic非質子溶劑Aproticsolvent

6、多步合成Multistepsynthesis多配位基的Polydentate多原子分子Polyatomicmolecule多原子離子Polyatomicion惰性電子對Inertpair二環(huán)的Bicyclic二硫化物Disulfide二氯甲烷Dichloromethane(CH2Cl2)二元化合物Binarycompound反錯構象Anticlinal反芳香性的Anti-aromatic反鍵軌道Antibondingorbital反平面Antiperiplanar反式Trans反式的Anti反式構象Anticonformation反式加成Antiaddition范德華力VanderWaalsr

7、adius芳環(huán);芳族環(huán)Aromaticring(Ar)芳基Arylgroup芳煌Aromatichydrocarbon芳香煌Arene芳族化合物；芳香族化合物Aromaticcompound非苯芳煌Nonbenzenoidaromatichydrocarbon非等時同步Anisochronous非對映異構的Diastereotopic非對映異構體Diastereoisomers非手性、非手性的Achiral肥皂Soap費歇爾投影式Fischerprojection分儲Fractionaldistillation分歧、不同Allo-分子單元Formulaunit分子軌道理論Molecularor

8、bitaltheory分子幾何；分子幾何結構Moleculargeometry分子離子Molecularion分子量Molecularweight分子模型Molecularmodel分子篩Molecularsieve分子式MolecularformulaPhenol酚酸Phenolicacid酚MtPhenolphthalein風化的Efflorescent碉Sulfone干儲Drydistillation甘油Glycerol甘油，丙三醇Glycerol(HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH)甘油三酸酯Triglyceride高分子化合物Polymer隔離雙鍵Isolateddoublebonds

9、共扼二烯燒Conjugateddiene共軻堿Conjugatebase共軻雙鍵Conjugateddoublebonds共軻酸Conjugateacid共價鍵Covalentbond共振結構Resonancestructures共振結構式Canonicalforms共振效應Resonanceeffect構象Conformation構象異構體Conformers構型Configuration構造異構體Constitutionalisomers固體石蠟Paraffinwax官能團Functionalgroup冠醒Crownether光學純Enantiomericallypure(opticall

10、ypure)光學純的Opticallypure軌道Orbital國際純粹與應用化學聯(lián)合會Iupac過渡態(tài)Transitionstate過氧化物離子Superoxideion合成材料Syntheticmaterial合成纖維Syntheticfiber合成橡膠Syntheticrubber核磁共振Nmr核間距離，鍵長Bondlength核酸外切酶Exo紅外光譜IRspectroscopy,infraredspectroscopy胡蘿卜素Carotene互變體；互變異構體Tautomer互變異構現(xiàn)象Tautomerism化學計量學；化學計量法Stoichiometry化學鍵Chemicalbond

11、化學式量；分子量Formulaweight化學位移Chemicalshift環(huán)化加成反應Cycloadditionreaction環(huán)氧化合物Epoxide緩沖溶液Bufferphbuffer;buffersolution.磺化反應Sulfonationreaction磺基Sulphogroup磺酸Sulfonicacid混酸甘油酯Mixedglyceride活性亞甲基Activemethylenegroup基(后綴)-Yl極性分子Polarmolecule極性鍵Polarbond幾何異構體Geometricisomer加成反應Additionreaction加成化合物Additioncompo

12、und加聚反應Additionpolymerization甲基Methyl(-CH3)甲烷Methane價電子Valenceelectron價鍵Valencebond假旋轉Pseudorotation間位定位Meta-directing堿；基極Base堿的、堿性的Alkaline堿水解常數(shù)Basehydrolysisconstant堿土金屬Alkalineearth鍵烙Bondenthalpy鍵級Bondorder鍵能Bondenergy交叉式構象Conformation(staggered)交叉式構象Staggeredconformation結構式Structuralformula睛Nitr

13、ile腫、聯(lián)氨Hydrazine(NH2NH2)鋸架投影式Sawhorseprojection聚合反應Po1ymerization均裂Homolyticbondcleavage卡賓、碳烯CarbeneR2C:.醍Quinone蠟Wax離去基團Leavinggroup離子電離；離子電離作用Ionicdissociationionize;ionization.離子鹽Ioniccompoundsalt立體化學Stereochemistry立體特異性的，立體專一性的Stereospecific立體選擇性的，立體有擇性的Stereoselective立體異構體Stereoisomers兩性的Amphot

14、eric兩性離子Zwitterion兩性溶劑Amphiproticsolvent裂化Cracking裂解Pyrolysis鄰Orthogonal鄰近的Vicinal硫醇Thiol硫酚Thiophenol硫化物Sulfide鹵代燒Halohydrocarbon鹵離子Halideion路易斯堿Lewisbase路易斯結構Lewisstructure路易斯酸Lewisacid螺環(huán)化合物Spirocompound螺旋度；螺旋性Helicity馬爾科夫尼科夫規(guī)則Markovniknov'srule麥芽糖Maltose煤Coal酶Enzyme醒Ether命名法；命名原則NomenclatureEn

15、do內酰胺Lactam內消旋化合物Mesocompounds內酯Lactone扭曲式構象Conformation(skewed)扭轉位阻Torsionbarrier紐曼投影式Newmanprojection偶氮Azo偶極矩Dipolemoment配體；配基Ligand配位數(shù)Coordinationnumber平鍵；平伏鍵Equatorialbond平均鍵始Averagebondenthalpy平面偏振光Planepolarizedlight葡萄糖Glucose前手性Prochiral強酸StrongacidHydroxygroup羥基酸Hydroxyacid橋環(huán)化合物Bridgedringco

16、mpound橋頭碳原子Bridgeheadcarbon親電體；親電子試劑Electrophile親核試劑Nucleophile親核性Nucleophilicity親雙烯體Dienophile氫鍵Hydrogenbond氫氧化物Hydroxide氫氧化物、水合物Hydrate鼠基Cyanogroup疏基Mercapto疏基Sulfhydrylgroup區(qū)域選擇性Regioselective取代反應Substitutionreaction取代基Substituent取代酸Substitutedacid全規(guī)的；全同立構的Isotactic醛Aldehyde(RCHO)醛的后綴-Al煥燒Alkyne熱

17、力學Thermodynamics熱力學產物Thermodynamicproduct弱酸Weakacid叁鍵Triplebond石蠟Paraffin石蕊試紙Litmuspaper石油Petroleum實驗式；經驗式；Empiricalformula手性；手性的Chiral手性分子Chiralmolecule手性中心Chiralcenter手性中心、不對稱中心Stereogeniccentre(Chiralcentre,Asymmetriccentre)雙分子親核取代反應SN2reaction雙分子消除反應E2eliminationreaction雙峰；雙重譜線Doublet雙鍵Doublebon

18、d雙烯；二烯燒Diene雙原子分子Diatomicmolecule水合氫離子Hydroniumion(H3O+)水解反應Hydrolysisreaction水煤氣，藍煤氣；合成氣Watergas;bluegas;synthesisgas順錯構象Synclinal順式Cis順式；同；共；Syn順式共平面Synperiplanar順式加成Synaddition順旋Conrotatory赤式Erythro塑料Plastic塑料的老化Plasticageing酸、酸的Acid酸電離常數(shù)Aciddissociationconstant.酸酊Acidanhydride酸堿指示劑Acid-baseindic

19、ator竣基Carboxylgroup竣酸Carboxylicacid縮氨月尿Semicarbazone縮酮Ketal碳水化合物、糖類Carbohydrate碳正離子Carbocation默基Carbonylgroup糖Sugar天然產物Naturalproduct鐵離子Ferricion.燒、碳氫化合物Hydrocarbon煌的衍生物Derivativeofhydrocarbon煌基Hydrocarbonyl同側的Suprafacial同分異構體Isomer同系物Homolog同系物；同系化合物Homolog銅離子Cupric.(cu2+)cupricion酮Ketone酮Ketone(R-

20、CO-R')酮酸Ketoacid脫氫酶Dehydrogenases歪扭構象；偏轉構象Gaucheconformation外消旋化作用Racemization外消旋混合物Racemicmixture烷基Alkylgroup烷基Alkyl(-cnh2n+1)alkylgroup.烷燒Alkaneparaffin.烷氧基Alkoxylgroup王水Aquaregia未共用電子對Lonepair位阻Sterichindrance位阻異構體Atropisomers曲Oxime無機化合物Inorganiccompound無機化學Inorganicchemistry無水的Anhydrous西佛堿Sh

21、ift'sbase吸濕的Hygroscopic吸濕性；吸水性Hygroscopicity烯丙基Allylgroup烯丙基正離子Allyliccarbon烯煌Alkene洗滌劑Detergent洗脫；洗脫法；洗劑Elution纖維素Cellulose酰胺Amide抗整Acylgroup酰鹵Acidhalide消去反應Eliminationreaction消旋體Racemate硝化反應Nitratlonreaction硝基Nitrogroup硝酸，王水Nitricacid.(hno3)aquafortis協(xié)定的，一致的；協(xié)同的Concerted偕的Geminal辛烷Octane休克爾規(guī)則H

22、uckel'srule澳的四氯化碳溶液Solutionofbromineincarbontetrachloride濱水Brominewater旋光計Polarimeter旋光性Opticalactivity亞氨基Iminogroup亞碉Sulfoxide亞磺酸Sulfinicacid亞鐵離子Ferrousion亞銅離子Cuprous.(cu+)cuprousion亞硝基Nitrosogroup鹽析Salting-out陽離子Cation乙醇Ethanol乙二胺四乙酸Edta乙醛Ethanal乙快Ethyne乙酸Aceticacid乙酸Ethanoicacid乙酸乙酯Ethylacetate乙縮醛二乙醇Acetal乙烯Ethene乙酰乙酸乙酯Ethylacetoacetate椅式構象Conformation(chair)椅型卞象；椅式構象Chairconformation異頭物Anomers異位的Syndiotactic陰離子Anion陰碳離子；負碳離子