詞語翻譯——增詞法減詞法

1、1商務英語中的詞語翻譯2英漢詞語在表達上的差異e.g. well ：涌出、噴出”（動詞）；“好、很好、好意地、恰當?shù)亍保ǜ痹~）；“健康、很好、可取的”（形容詞）；“井、泉、源泉、令人滿意的事物”（名詞）；“咳、嗯、好吧”（語氣詞） 3英語一詞多義Business was rather slow last month.上個月生意不太景氣The book is rather slow.這本書很乏味（不精彩）。Youd better go slow in reaching a conclusion.你最好不要急于下結(jié)論。He is slow of understanding.他理解力較差。He is

2、 so slow that I have to explain everything several times.他太遲鈍，所有的事我都得解釋好幾遍。Be slow to promise but quick to practice.不要輕易許諾，但一旦許諾要盡快實踐。 He is slow at speech with women yet.跟女人說話，他還有點笨嘴拙舌。 4Develop trouble 發(fā)生Develop a force 產(chǎn)生Developing a practical rod發(fā)明Develop a statement得出Develop a theory提出Develop a

3、 new type of potato培育Develop a tuberculosis換上Develop his own manner of acting形成 Develop all the natural substances開發(fā)Develop the deposit 開采Develop a design 進行Develop the science of agriculture從事Develop a kind of paper 研制Develop photos 沖洗Develop an extramarital affair 搞Develop new materials 開發(fā)利用Develo

4、p childrens interest 培養(yǎng)Develop the western region開發(fā)發(fā)展5翻譯時注意：翻譯時注意：l平時多積累Their people have always been available to offer assistance and answer technical questions.他們的工作人員隨時為我們提供支持并解答技術上的問題。You have a creative edge in business.你獲得創(chuàng)造性地商業(yè)優(yōu)勢。6一、為了語法上的需要而增詞時態(tài)要求補充原文因語法省略的詞二、為了表達清晰和自然而增詞增加動詞 形容詞 副詞名詞 量詞 三、

5、為了增加背景文化知識四、名詞復數(shù)翻譯的增詞法語氣詞范疇詞概括性的詞承上啟下的詞增詞法、減詞法增詞法、減詞法7一、一、為了語法上的需要而增詞為了語法上的需要而增詞l時態(tài)要求 漢語表示時態(tài)的詞：著，了，過等 The English language is in very good shape. It is changing in its own undiscoverable way, but it is not going rotten like a plum dropping off a tree. 英語目前的情況很好，它正按照它那不易為人發(fā)現(xiàn)的方式在起著變化，而不是像一只樹上掉下來的李子那樣在

6、逐漸腐爛。8補充原文因語法省略的詞Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.從別人的失敗中吸取教訓比從自己的失敗中吸取教訓更好9二、為了表達清晰和自然而增詞增加動詞 形容詞 副詞 名詞 量詞語氣詞范疇詞概括性的詞承上啟下的詞10l增加動詞In every Chinese city, we got into the streets, shops, parks, theatres and restaurants. 在中國，我們每到一個城市就遛遛大街、逛逛商店、游游公園、看看演 出、吃吃名菜。（）In the evening, a

7、fter the banquet, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqu. 晚上在參加參加宴會、出席出席音樂會、觀看觀看乒乓球表演之 后，他還得起草最后公報。 漢語動詞連用 vs 只有一個定式動詞 I forgot my key 我忘了帶鑰匙二、為了表達清晰和自然而增詞11l增加形容詞The war made a man of him. 戰(zhàn)爭把他鍛造成一個堂堂的男子漢。Deflation has now reached unprece

8、dented level.通貨緊縮已經(jīng)發(fā)展到了空前嚴重嚴重的地步。12l增加副詞13l增加名詞具體名詞表示抽象概念時，名詞后增加名詞141516To persuadeTo prepareBackwardTenseArrogantMadantagonistic說服準備落后緊張自滿瘋狂敵對PersuasionPreparationBackwardnessTensionArroganceMadnessantagonism說服工作準備工作落后狀態(tài)緊張局勢自滿情緒瘋狂行為敵對態(tài)度17具體名詞表示抽象概念時，名詞后增加名詞He allowed the father to be overruled by t

9、he judge, and declared his own son guilty.他讓法官的職責戰(zhàn)勝父子的私情，而判決他兒子有罪。18l增加表示名詞復數(shù)的詞增加重迭詞表示復數(shù)增加數(shù)詞或其他詞表示復數(shù)Flowers bloom all over the yard朵朵鮮花開滿了庭院The lion is the king of animals.獅是百獸之王19The ASIAN countries have designated 1992 as “Asian Tourism Year”, and are cooperating in a drive to convince the worlds

10、pleasure-and-culture-seekers of their attractions. 亞洲幾個國家將1992年指定為“亞洲旅游年”，攜手合作發(fā)起一場宣傳攻勢，旨在讓世界各地的那些獵奇探勝的游客確信，他們這些國家也有許多引人入勝的旅游景觀。 20l增加量詞 數(shù)詞與可數(shù)名詞直接連用有些動詞或動作名詞21A tractorA bikeA full moonA mouthA bad dreamA red sun rose slowly from the calm sea一輪紅日從風平浪靜的海面冉冉升起。A stream is winding its way through the va

11、lley into the river.一彎溪水蜿蜒流過山谷，匯合到江里去了。22l增加語氣詞的、呢、吧、啊、呀等Dont take it seriously. Im just making fun of you.不要認真嘛！我只不過和你開個玩笑罷了。As for me, I didnt agree from the very beginning.我呢，從一開始就不贊成。23l增加概括性的詞Sino-British links have multipliedpolitical, commercial, educational, cultural, defense, science and te

12、chnology.The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets.論文總結(jié)了電子計算機，人造衛(wèi)星，和火箭三方面的新成就。24l增加承上啟下的詞Yes, I like Chinese food. Lots of people do these days, sort of fashion.不錯，我喜歡中國菜?，F(xiàn)在很多人喜歡中國菜，這種情況算是有點趕時髦吧。25三、三、為了增加背景文化知識為了增加背景文化知識l揭示背景、介紹習俗及闡釋典故

13、Swan song辭世之作，歸天之作WaterlooBMW滑鐵盧德國寶馬汽車公司26四、四、名詞復數(shù)翻譯的增詞法名詞復數(shù)翻譯的增詞法lCargo insurance is to protect the trader from losses that many dangers may cause.l貨物保險會使貿(mào)易商免受許多風險所可能造成的種種損失。27lHomework1Businessmen went flying off to that country for fortune. 2.Your packing is not as good as your competitors.3.With

14、 what enthusiasm the Chinese people are going on economic construction4. Draft and invoice are different instruments.5. I like your policies of first come, first served.28l減詞法賓語代詞Any excuse will serve if one has not a mind to do it.如果不想干， 總會找到借口。We assure you of our reciprocation your courtesy at an

15、y time.貴行的好意我方保證隨時回報。29l物主代詞固定搭配He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.他聳聳肩，搖搖頭，兩眼看天，一句話不說。30省略省略Itl非人稱的it It was just growing dark, as she shut the garden gate.她關上園門時，已是暮色蒼茫了。It was with some difficulty that he found the way to his own house.他費了不少勁才找到了回家的路。31l

16、省略連詞He looked gloomy and troubled.他看上去有些憂愁不安。Because departure is not easy we made it brief.告別這件事難得很，我們就做得簡單一些。32l省略冠詞China is changing, and the changes in China, if they continue, may profoundly change the world.中國在發(fā)生變化，這種變化如果持續(xù)下去，就可能真正(徹底)（深刻）地改變?nèi)澜纭?3l前置詞Smoking is prohibited in public places.公共場

17、所不準吸煙。On the 13th of May, 1956, I became a civilian again.1956年5月13號，我又是一個老百姓了。34從修辭的角度從修辭的角度l英語重復出現(xiàn)的短語University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.報考大學的人，有工作經(jīng)驗的優(yōu)先錄取。35Homework1.The retailers perform many functions. First, he may provide a convenient location. Also, he often guarantees and services the merchandise he sells. Third, the retailer aids in promoting the product, often through displays and advertising. Forth, the retailer