情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞

1、中考總復(fù)習(xí)六：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞講解與訓(xùn)練【考點(diǎn)直擊】1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could, may, must, need等的用法和意義；2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)，判斷的用法；3. 動(dòng)詞不定式的用法?？梢宰鲋髡Z，賓語，表語，定語等；還可和疑問詞連用充當(dāng)句子成分。4. 動(dòng)名詞的用法。5. 分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞）用法。 一 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法1. can 用法1）表示能力，與be able to同義但can只用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)，be able to可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。Two eyes can see more than one. 注：Can you ? Yes, I can / No,I c

2、ant.2). 表示允許、請(qǐng)求用could比can 語氣更加委婉客氣，常用于could I /you .?句型中，若表示同意時(shí)，用can回答而不用could .Could I borrow the book ? No, you cant .3). 表示推測(cè) “可能”常用于否定句或疑問句中。（cant表示一定不是）It cant be true . Can it be true ?2.could的用法1).是can的過去時(shí)，表過去的能力。Lucy could swim at the age of five.2).could也可表示較can更為委婉的語氣Could you help me？3).還

3、可以表示猜測(cè)，“很可能”Whose French book is this?This could be Alices. She studies French.3. may 用法1）表允許，請(qǐng)求= can 表示許可或征求對(duì)方的許可，常于第一人稱連用。注：May I .? Yes ,you may No, you cant / mustnt .在回答以may引起的問句時(shí)，多避免用這個(gè)詞，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly.2）表推測(cè)，可能、也許。常用于肯定句中。Maybe he knows the news .= He _ _ the news. 4.might 是m

4、ay的過去式，表猜測(cè)，可能性比could小。Whose guitar is this?It might belong to Alice. She plays the guitar.5.should 意為“應(yīng)該”。You should go to see the doctor.6. must1）表示義務(wù)。意為“必須”（主觀意志）。We must do everything step by step. 注：Must I .? Yes, you must / No,you neednt(dont have to ).-Must we hand in our exercisebooks now? -N

5、o, you neednt. / No, you dont have to. 2）mustnt 表禁止、不允許。 You mustnt talk to her like that.3）表示揣測(cè)。意為“想必、準(zhǔn)是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。否定、疑問句中must改為can .He must be ill. He looks so pale. Shes wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 注：must表推測(cè)時(shí)，其反義疑問句與must后面的動(dòng)詞一致。There must be something wrong ,_ _? 7

6、.need的用法 need既可用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也可用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要否定句或疑問句中。用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可用于各種句式。1).用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，用于否定句和疑問句中。a).Need I .? Yes , you must / No, you neednt . Need we finish the work today ? Yes you _. A.need B.can C.may D.must b).need + do sth . 變否定句：neednt do sth 變疑問句：Need sb do sth ?2).用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞a).need + to do sth . We need

7、 _(buy) some school things . 變否定句：dont /doesnt /didnt +need to do sth . 變疑問句：Do / Does /Did sb + need to sth ? Yes , do/ does / did No, sb dont / doesnt /didnt .You dont need to do it yourself. b).當(dāng)主語是物時(shí)。Sth + need + doing sth = Sth +need to be done .The table needs painting . = The table needs _ _

8、_ .8.had better 的用法1). had better + 動(dòng)詞原形 = Its best to do sth . You had better _ (stay )at home . = _ _ _ stay at home .2). Had better not +動(dòng)詞原形 We had better _(not play ) the computer games .9.must 與have to1).一般情況下，兩者可互換。 must = have to 2).must “必須，應(yīng)該”表示說話人的主觀看法，即說話人認(rèn)為必須干某事。（內(nèi)在原因） have to “必須，不得不”強(qiáng)

9、調(diào)客觀需要，即外界因素迫使某人不得不干某事。（外界原因） I cant stop playing the computer games . For your health ,Im afraid you _. A.can B.may C.must D.had to 二情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后跟完成式和進(jìn)行式的用法1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后跟完成式，表“原本應(yīng)該干某事，而實(shí)際上沒干”I should have finished the work earlier. He isnt here. He must have missed the train. 2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后跟進(jìn)行式，表示“想必正在”，“可能正在”，“應(yīng)當(dāng)正在”等

10、意。Its twelve oclock. They must be having lunch. They may be discussing this problem. He cant be telling the truth. She shouldnt be working like that. Shes still so weak.三情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的同義轉(zhuǎn)換.1.can = be able to 2.must = have to 3.neednt = dont have to 4.need do sth = need to do sth .二 非謂語動(dòng)詞包括動(dòng)詞不定式，V-ing，和過去分詞。一

11、、動(dòng)詞不定式 在句中除不能充當(dāng)謂語外，其他成分都可充當(dāng)。如賓語，表語，主語等。1.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。1) 在動(dòng)詞want , hope, would, like, decide, wish,choose, try , need等后常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。I hope _(hear)from you soon .2) think/find /feel /make it + adj + to do sth He found it difficult _(get) to sleep.3) stop to do sth / stop doing sth stop to do sth 停下來去做某事 st

12、op doing sth 停止正在做的事。After working for a long time , He has to stop _(have ) a rest .He was very tired , so he had to stop _(work).2.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)。1).帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask / like /would like /teach /tell /want /help +sb +to do sth Please ask him _(come) quickly.2).省掉to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：let /make /have / hear /se

13、e /notice /feel/watch+sb +do sth 注：省掉to的不定式的句子變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，需要還原to .He made the baby _(stop) crying .The baby was made _ _ crying.3.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語 三個(gè)考點(diǎn)1).動(dòng)詞不定式作句子的主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。To learn English well _ not easy.2).常用it作形式主語，而將不定式放在句子后面。To do sth +謂語動(dòng)詞+adj /n = It +謂語動(dòng)詞+adj / n + to do sth To get an injection is a

14、 little painful ._ a little painful _ _ an injection3).動(dòng)詞不定式?？冀Y(jié)構(gòu)句型: 想要做某事_ 想要（某人）做某事_ 幫助某人做某事_ 需要做某事_ 計(jì)劃做某事_ 決定做某事 _ 盡力做某事_ 希望做某事_ 忘記做某事_ 記得做某事_ 要求某人做某事_ 告訴某人做某事_It + be + 名詞 + to do sth.It takes sb. + some time + to do sth.It + be + 形容詞 + for sb + to do sth.It + be + 形容詞 + of sb + to do sth.It + se

15、ems(appears) + 形容詞 + to do sth.4.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語動(dòng)詞不定式作定語放在被修飾詞之后名詞或代詞+to do(介詞)注：若構(gòu)成的不定式的動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后加上相應(yīng)的介詞，但不定式若修飾 _ _ _ 詞時(shí)，介詞可以省略。I want a pen to write _.I want a piece of paper to write _.He has no place to live.5.動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問詞連用疑問詞+ to do sth 注：在賓語從句中，若主從句的主語一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+to do sth”.Can you tell me how

16、 I can get to the hospital ?Can you tell me _ _ _ the hospital.6.動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語1).動(dòng)詞不定式可作目的狀語 在come / go / leave 后面接動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。He came here _(get)his book.2).動(dòng)詞不定式可作原因狀語表語形容詞（sorry/sad/happy/ glad /afraid/ pleased）后與動(dòng)詞不定式連用作原因狀語He was glad _(see) his wife.3).動(dòng)詞不定式可作結(jié)果狀語在tooto , not enough to 句型中的動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀

17、語。He was too tired _(walk) on .7.動(dòng)詞不定式作表語 be + to do sth 注：動(dòng)詞不定式作表語可以和主語的位置互換，且常表將來。Her wish is _(become) a doctor ._ _ is her wish .8.動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式 在動(dòng)詞不定式的前面加not .He told me _(not stay) here .9.動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)的省略和保留情況。1).動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)的省略情況若兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的不定式并列時(shí)，第一個(gè)不定式符號(hào)不能省略，其余的省掉to .但兩者有對(duì)比關(guān)系時(shí)，to都不能省略。Edisons mother taught

18、 him to write and _(read).I havent decided to go home or _(go) to the cinema.2).省掉不定式而保留動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to的情況。Will you take a walk with me ? Im glad to .-Would you like to join my birthday party ?-I would love to .二、V-ing形式 包括動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞，具有名詞，代詞，形容詞，副詞的特性，1、動(dòng)名詞1).動(dòng)名詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Reading in bed _(be) bad

19、 for your eyes.2).有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語后面，只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。完成 實(shí)踐 值得忙（_, _, _, _）繼續(xù) 習(xí)慣 別放棄（_, _, _）考慮 建議 不禁想（_, _, _, _）喜歡 思念 要介意（_, _, _）常考句式：see sb. doing sth. hear sb. doing sth. watch sb. doing sth. notice sb. doing sth. find sb. doing sth. spend time doing sth.have difficulty doing sth. have fun doing sth. How abo

20、ut/What about doing? 有些些動(dòng)詞后用V-ing與動(dòng)詞不定式意義大不相同，這也是歷年中考經(jīng)?？疾榈膬?nèi)容。1.停止做某事_ 停下來去做某事_2.忘記/記得曾經(jīng)做過某事_ 忘記/記得去做某事_3.繼續(xù)做某事_ 做完一件事，接著做另一件_4.試著做某事_ 盡力做某事_三、現(xiàn)在分詞1.現(xiàn)在分詞常放在see, hear ,watch ,notice 等之后作賓補(bǔ)。I saw the boy_(play)in the street just now .2.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語常放在被修飾詞之前，現(xiàn)在分詞短語要放在被修飾詞的后面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。A sleeping baby = a bab

21、y who _ .Did you know the man talking to Mr Li? =Did you know the man who _to Mr Li?3.現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨情況He came into the classroom ,_(carry)a book.四、過去分詞1.作賓補(bǔ) 這類動(dòng)詞有see, hear, notice, keep, find, get, have have /get +sth +done 表示請(qǐng)別人干某事I had my TV repaired last night .2.作定語單一的過去分詞作定語，要放在被修飾詞的前面，過去分詞短語作定語要放在被修飾

22、詞的后面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。Have you ever read any books written by Luxun?Have you ever read any books _ _ written by Luxun?3.作表語 過去分詞作表語已經(jīng)形容詞化My cup is broken .中考演練一 單項(xiàng)選擇( )1. Everyone _ go through the security check (安檢) when enteringthe World Expo Park. A can B. may C. must D. could( )2. - Must I clean the ro

23、om now? - No, you _. You can do it tomorrow. A mustnt B. must C. neednt D. need( )3. - Look at that girl! Is it Susan? - No, it _ be her. She has gone back to her hometown. A mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. wouldnt( )4. - This desk is too heavy. I _ move it. Could you help me? - No problem. A can B. can

24、t C. should D. shouldnt ( )5. - What will the weather be like tomorrow? - It _ be rainy, cloudy, or sunny. Who knows. A must B. might C. should D. shouldnt ( )6. - Must I _ my camera, Lily? - No you _. Dont worry. Ill take one myself. A to take; mustnt B. take; neednt C. to bring; neednt D. bring; m

25、ustnt( )7. - Whose exam papers is it? - It _ be Li Leis, He always forgets to write his name on it. A cant B. must C. shouldnt D. may( )8. - What should we do first if we want to develop our village? - A lot of roads _ , I think. A must build B. have to build C. must be built D. have built( )9. The

26、yellow coat _ be Lindas, because nobody likes yellowexcept her. A cant B. can C. mustnt D. must( )10. - Shall I tell John about it? - No, you _. I told him just now. A neednt B. cant C. mustnt D. shouldnt( )11. - Will you answer the telephone? It _ be your mother. - Sorry. I _. Im very busy. A can;

27、mustnt B. will; cant C. may; cant D. need; will( )12. - You _ play football in the street. Its dangerous. - OK. I wont. A can B. must C. may not D. mustnt( )13. Mr. White is of great help, so you _ let him go. A had not better B. had better dont C. had better not D. had no better( )14. - _ the exam

28、paper be handed in right now? - No it doesnt have to. You may hand it in before 11:30. A Can B. Must C. Should D. May( )15. - _ I use your mobile phone? - Certainly. Here you are. A May B. Must C. Should D. Need( )16. Danny did all kinds of things to make the baby_. A to stop cry B. stop crying C. t

29、o stop to cry D. stop to cry( )17. We have two rooms _, but I cant decide _. A to live; to choose which one B. lived; choose which one C. to live in; which one to choose D. live; which one( )16. - How would your family like to travel? - Its a problem in my family. Mother prefers to take a bus to tra

30、vel, while father always sticks _ to travel. A to drive B. to driving C. driving D. drive( )17. At least 300 million people are using QQ _ by MaHuateng to chat on line. A create B. creates C. creating D. created( )18. - What are on show in the museum? - Some photos _ by the children of Yushu,Qinghai

31、. A have been taken B. were taken C. are taken D. taken( )19. - Are you going to the party _ at Smiths home this evening? - I will if I am free . A holding B. held C. to hold D. to be hold( )20. If people _ cutting down the forest, they will have nowhere _ A keep; to live in B. will keep; to live in C. keep; to live D. will keep; to live ( )21. His parents often encourage