浙江省杭州市蕭山區(qū)高三高考模擬命題比賽英語試卷

1、英語模擬試卷ENGLISHMODELTEST蕭山區(qū)2016年中學(xué)教師新課程教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測卷命題比賽參賽試卷CONTENTSI .模擬試卷整體規(guī)劃表3II .完形填空與閱讀素材解讀表4III .命題雙向細(xì)目表7IV .模擬試卷11V .答題卷23VI .參考答案242016高考英語模擬試卷命題整體規(guī)劃表題型命題原則命題特點第一部分英語知識運用單項填空1 .測試考生對英語語法、詞匯知識和簡單表達(dá)形式的掌握情況。2 .關(guān)注語言知識與運用的關(guān)系，從學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)和生活實際出發(fā)，堅持以學(xué)生為中心。1 .語后真實、地道2 .語境完整、可信3 .語句典型、多樣4 .內(nèi)容豐富、現(xiàn)實完形填空1 .突出語篇、強調(diào)應(yīng)用，

2、強調(diào)英語基礎(chǔ)知識、基本技能的有機結(jié)合。2 .重視學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力和評價性思維能力的檢測。1 .既有基于全篇理解的宏觀題，也啟基于對單句理解的局部題。2 .考生應(yīng)依據(jù)語篇，通過歸納、推測、比較等方式，真正理解語篇，把握文脈來判斷正確答案。第二部分閱讀理解短文閱讀1 .測試考生對語言信息的獲取、處理和傳遞語言信息的能力。2 .正確把握考生對閱讀文章長度和閱讀速度的要求。加大了從語篇結(jié)構(gòu)到深層次信息的考查力度。體現(xiàn)了對諸如情感、態(tài)度等維度的關(guān)注。任務(wù)型閱讀討論成長熱點話題重點考查考生對語篇歸納與概括能力。第三部分寫作短文改錯考查考生對語言錯誤的辨識能力和貼切的表達(dá)能力。選材能體現(xiàn)語言學(xué)習(xí)的教育功能

3、，檢測考生發(fā)現(xiàn)問題和解決問題的能力。書向表達(dá)考查考生運用語言知識進行交際和正確表達(dá)思想的能力。加大命題的開放度，讓考生有更多的選擇空間，充分體現(xiàn)考生的語用能力。2016高考英語模擬試卷完形、閱讀素材解讀表表一：本卷對完形與閱讀素材長度的再整理（依據(jù)：2016年考試說明中要求完型不少于250個詞，4篇閱讀材料的，數(shù)不少于1800個詞。）語篇刪減要求具體做法刪減前總詞數(shù)刪減后總詞數(shù)完形填空保持短文意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整本語篇本身總詞數(shù)不多，連貫性較強，從主人公的成長為線索展開故事，因此，在具體故事情節(jié)上，命題人未做很多刪減。在第1段刪減了部分使得故事發(fā)展更緊湊。2、3、4三段進行了部分替換和

4、整合，如：第三段中，命題人把最后一部分用簡潔的語言概括為：Sothemandidthatandlefthappily.根據(jù)對文章的理解，命題人把文章最舟-句話的Theboysatdown改成theman在文章的最后也加了一句總結(jié)和升華主題的句子：Don、youthinktheboyisjustanyoneofusandthebigtreeisourparents?462360A篇依照考試說明對文本詞數(shù)的要求，保持語篇的完整性本篇說明文，主要講述了2015年美國氣溫上升，并對未來氣候的預(yù)測。語言簡單，生詞量少，故命題人未對文章做多少改動，基本保持原生態(tài)狀態(tài)。404395B篇本篇應(yīng)用文，為定航班前

5、的一些注意事項，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，語言簡潔本語篇共包含2大點，一是如何獲得最便宜的機票，從四個方面告訴讀者。一是如何在訂票過程避H些不必要的費用。文章脈絡(luò)清晰，語言簡潔明了。所以基本未對文章做多大的改動，保持文章的原汁原味，文章篇幅基本符合高考要求。627608C篇科普類說明文應(yīng)該真實具體、結(jié)構(gòu)清晰、觀點明確、語言簡潔，其中涉及的實驗結(jié)果易為讀者所明了本文主要通過科學(xué)實驗的方法，說明癌癥與運動之間的關(guān)系，還說明了運動之后的哪些物質(zhì)能夠幫助抵抗癌癥。命題人根據(jù)說明文的一般段落安排，基于原文，對語篇做了刪減和調(diào)整，使全文更加緊湊。第1、2兩段，命題人刪除了累贅部分，將其合并成為一段，介紹運動與癌癥之間的關(guān)

6、系。再將第3段的語句進行整合，亮出現(xiàn)在的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，即Now,astudysuggeststhatexercisemaychangehowtheimmunesystem命題人在以下的語篇刪減和整合中，也將本句作為總起句，下面文章規(guī)劃就是基于對腎上腺素，免疫細(xì)胞和其它一些化學(xué)物質(zhì)的研究和它們對癌癥的影響和相互作用來展開的。因此，原文的4-7段刪減成修改后的3-5段，主要闡述運動后的腎上腺素的增加對抗癌的作用。原文的8-15段刪減為修改后的6、7兩段，主要闡述其它兩種物質(zhì)：白細(xì)胞介素-6和自然免疫細(xì)胞以及這幾種物質(zhì)898494之間的相互作用。最后的總結(jié)段落基本不做修改。D篇夾敘夾議的記敘文，應(yīng)保持其

7、事件的發(fā)展主線，突出作者對于母親的恨和母親對作者的愛這是作者因為自己母親是一只眼而厭惡媽媽，而母親卻依然在離世前還愛著自己的孩子。這是一篇歌頌?zāi)笎鄣奈恼?，讓人看后心中無不為母親而感動。命題人對本篇文章修改不多，因為文章詞數(shù)不多，文字較為簡單明了，可讀性很強，而且故事發(fā)展較為緊湊。文章后半部分是高潮，所以命題人主要在前面幾段中做了少許刪除，這樣既保持本篇文章的完整性和注重文章情感的傳遞，也讓學(xué)生在體會真情實感中理解故事。810686表二：2014高考卷、2015高考卷和本卷完形、閱讀詞數(shù)對比章年數(shù)份完形閱讀A閱讀B閱讀C閱讀D20142944204134266152015364428606484

8、706本卷360395608494686素材包內(nèi)原始詞數(shù)4629821065898810表三：本卷對完形與閱讀素材詞匯的再整理（依據(jù)：2016年考試說明對閱讀理解的要求是：生詞量不超過3%。因此出題人依據(jù)考試大綱對各話題短文中的生詞作了替換，確保w3%的生詞量。）語篇修改前詞匯修改后詞匯未替換詞匯提供漢語注釋詞匯完形填空boymantrunkA篇consecutiveconsistentmeteorologistspikerisequicklyinitialprimarybeattributetoresultfrom題分內(nèi)容測量目標(biāo)B篇astronomicallargebumpoutfitco

9、ordinatetoiletriesC篇intriguedappealedtopotentalertboostingsubstanceinflammationfull-blownoversawmobilizationoncologistsimmuneadrenalinemelanomahormoneinterleukin-6tumorslesionsdamagesinoculateddefendedcapriciouslyrandomlyspeculatedinferredentwinedrelatedincentivereasonD篇tauntedlaughedatreunionshacks

10、hedatearfallingapartshatteredbrokedown第二部分：閱讀理解事實細(xì)節(jié)推理判斷主旨要義態(tài)度息圖信息匹配文體題材短文詞量試題詞量A.（改編自素材包）412說明文新聞類395218V422V432V442V452VB（改編自素材包）462應(yīng)用文休閑旅游608206V472V482V492VC（改編自素材包）502說明文科普類：科學(xué)研究494245V512V522V532V542VD（改編自素材包）552記敘文故事經(jīng)歷686280V562V572V582V592V602V任務(wù)型閱讀：（改編自維克多英語）612議論文參加大學(xué)社團活動的理由49349V622V632V64

11、2V652V5篇25502676998105325第三部分：寫作。第一節(jié)：短文改錯考點分布錯處12345678910考點非謂語動詞固定搭配固定搭配含義理解名詞形容詞非謂語動詞形容詞、副詞連詞代詞分/古10值1111111111來源詞數(shù)（原創(chuàng)一文本來自89第二節(jié)：書面表達(dá)來源字?jǐn)?shù)內(nèi)容測量目標(biāo)原創(chuàng)100-120詞G20峰會將在浙江杭州舉行，這是中國人民的驕傲，更是浙江人民的驕傲。在如此重要時刻的來臨之際，各方面準(zhǔn)備工作都在緊鑼密鼓的展開之中。請你以Mygift(s)forG20為題，想一想你能為G20做些什么，并說明理由。用英語寫一篇100-120詞的短文。1、語言運用能力和信息組合能力。2、用英

12、語表達(dá)的能力。2016屆浙江省杭州市蕭山區(qū)高三高考模擬命題比賽英語試卷(11)時間120分鐘分值120分第I卷第一部分：英語知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)：單項填空（共20小題；每小題0.5分，滿分10分）從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處地最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。（原創(chuàng)題材料來自ChinaDaily,OxfordAdvancedLearner'sEnglish-ChineseDictionary或自己編寫）1.-Amoment,please!Ihavesomethingurgenttodealwith.【原創(chuàng)】-.Imnotinahurry.A.Takei

13、teasy.B.EnjoyyourselfC.TakeyourtimeD.Doasyoulike.2 .IvejustheardthatRunningManisgoingtoourtowntofilmnextweek.【原創(chuàng)】-Yes,wordcomesassurprisetous.A.a;aB.the;aC.the;/D./;a3 .Thegovernmenthaverealizedtheusethereturneestheexperienceandskillstheygainedwhilelivingabroad.【原創(chuàng)】A.makeofB.makefromC.makeupD.makeou

14、t4.Itisdifficultforonetochangehishabit.,itisessentialthatweformtheproperonefromanearlyage.【原創(chuàng)】A.OtherwiseB.ThereforeC.BesidesD.However5.DisneyanimationZootopiahascrossednearly90millionUSdollarsontheninthdayofitsinthecountry,beatingKungfuPanda3spreviousrecord.【原創(chuàng)】A.releaseB.reviewC.recoveryD.recycle1

15、. Itwasnotwhathedidbuthowhereactedtoitreallymademeannoyed.【原創(chuàng)】A.whichB.whereC.thatD.what7. Accordingtoexperts,Chinaneedstothetwo-childfamilyplanningpolicytofightagainstaworseninggenderimbalanceandagingpopulation.【原創(chuàng)】A.adoptB.adaptC.arrangeD.approve8. Quantitiesofsoilinthearea,resultingintheincreasin

16、gnumberofnaturaldisasters.【原創(chuàng)】A.iswashedawayBarewashedawayC.hasbeenwashedawayD.havebeenwashedaway9. Duetoasignificanthousingpriceriseinthepastmonth,propertysalesareexpectedtoaccelerateinthefollowingmonths,whichraisedevelopersappetiteformoreconstruction.【原創(chuàng)】A.inreturnB.inadvanceC.inturnD.inplace10. P

17、eopletravelabroadformedicaltreatmentforvariousreasons:itscheaper,alongwaittheyfaceathomeorthetreatmenttheywantisnotintheirowncountry.【原創(chuàng)】A.acceptableB.appropriateC.availableD.agreeable11. Whataboutthecarintheshop?-Itisnotasgoodas,ifnotbetterthan,wesawyesterday.【原創(chuàng)】A.thatB.oneC.onesD.it12. Thenewrail

18、waystationunderconstruction,twiceaslargeastheoldone,isduetobecompletedin2017.【原創(chuàng)】A.measuresB.measuringC.measuredD.havingmeasured13. Whenfirstintomarket,iphone6sbecomeaninstanthit,manypeoplequeuinguptobuyit.【原創(chuàng)】A.puttingB.beingputC.putD.havingput14. ForG20Summit,thegovernmentgavetheorderallthesehouse

19、sinthreemonths.【原創(chuàng)】A.what；willbepulleddownB.that;willbepulleddownC.which;bepulleddownD.that;bepulleddown15.2015morethantenweather-relateddisastersinChinathatcausedatleast10billionindamage.【原創(chuàng)】A.haveseenB.seesC.sawD.hadseen16 .Thefinalscoreofthefootballmatchwas3-2.Ourteamwasbeaten.【原創(chuàng)】A.tightlyB.narr

20、owlyC.slightlyD.roughly17 .AfterSunLiwasadmittedtocollege,HuangLeistarteddatingherandtheirrelationshiplasted9yearstheygotmarried.【原創(chuàng)】A.beforeB.afterC.whileD.unless18 .DidZhouLibosayanythingthatyouinMrZhouLiveShow?【原創(chuàng)】-Notreally.ActuallyIsleptthroughhisperformance.A.adaptedtoB.attachedtoC.adjustedtoD

21、.appealedto19 .Marywenttothehospitalalone.Ifshehadtoldmeaboutitearlier,Iherinthehospitalnow.【原創(chuàng)】A. would accompanyB.wouldhaveaccompaniedC.willaccompanyD.shouldhaveaccompanied20 .一Iveworkedforthatcompanyfortenyears.Ithoughtmyworkhadvalued.【原創(chuàng)】-!Withourexperience,Imsuremanyfirmswillbegladtohaveyou.A.

22、Sounds goodB. Not reallyC. Cheer up D. Good luck.第二節(jié)：完形填空（共20小題，每小題1分，共20分）A、B、C、D）中，選出最佳選項,閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從21-40各題所給的四個選項（并在答題紙上將選項標(biāo)號涂黑。Onceuponatime,therelivedabigmangotree.Alittleboylovedtocomeandplayarounditeveryday.Timewentby,thelittleboygrew,andhe21playedaroundthetree.Oneday,theboycamebacktoth

23、etreewitha22lookonhisface."Comeandplaywithme,"thetreeaskedtheboy."Idon'tplayaroundtreesanymore."Theboyre23ed,.”SSorryeedon'thaveanybutyoucanpickallmymangoesand24them."Theboywassoexcited.Hepickedallthemangoes25thetreeandlefthappily.Oneday,theboy26amanreturned."Co

24、meandplaywithme,“eXeitedysaid"Idon'thavetime to play. I have to 27 my family. We need a house fora house, but you can 29 my branches to build your house.28 . Can you help me?So the man did that and left happily.“Sorry, I dont haveThe tree said.“ u Use my trunk't come back fOnehotsummerd

25、ay,themanreturnedandthetreewas30.“Comeandplaywithme!amsadandgetting31.Iwanttogosailingto32myself.Canyougivemeaboat?干)tobuildyourboat."Sothemancutthetreetrunktomakeaboat.Hewentsailinganddidnlongtime.33,themanreturned34hehadbeengoneforsomanyyears."Sorry,myboyIdon'thave36foryouanymore.Nom

26、oremangoestogiveyou."Thetreesaid."370ntobihave"themanreplied.“Ireallycan'tgiveyouanything,theonlythi38ismy39roots,“thetreesaidwithsadness.don'tneedmuchnow.Iam40afteralltheseyears,"themanreplied."Good!iOlthtre)esootsaplacetorest."Thensatdownandthetreewasgladandsm

27、iled.Don'tyouthinktheboyisjustanyoneofusandthebigtreeisourparents?21.A.alwaysB.seldomC.nolongerD.notatall22.A.sadB.excitedC.surprisedD.determined23.A.helpB.moneyC.timeD.food24.A.eatB.purchaseC.sellD.produce25.A.inB.underC.aboveD.on26.A.grownintoB.changedintoC.turnedintoD.gotinto27.A.makeforB.wor

28、kforC.sufferforD.returnfor28.A.shelterB.settlementC.existenceD.treatment29.A.cutdownB.cutupC.cutoffD.cutin30.A.disturbingB.delightedC.embarrassedD.faithful31.A.oldB.ambitiousC.devotedD.curious32.A.relieveB.realizeC.recognizeD.relax33.A.ImmediatelyB.FinallyC.FortunatelyD.Unluckily34.A.afterB.untilC.b

29、eforeD.when35.A.whileB.butC.andD.so36.A.somethingB.everythingC.anythingD.nothing37.A.teethB.mouthC.tongueD.lip38 A enabled39.A. died40.A. patientB. leftB.deadB. satisfiedC. forcedC. dyingC. shyD.changedD. deathD. tired第二部分：閱讀理解（本題有兩小節(jié)，第一節(jié)共20小題；每小題2分，第二節(jié)共5小題；每小題2分；滿分50分）第一節(jié)：閱讀下列材料，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）

30、中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該選項標(biāo)號涂黑。A2015sawthingsheatupandgetoutofhand,andnotjustinpolitics.ArecordwarmDecemberraisedaveragetemperaturesenoughtomake2015thesecondhottestyearonrecordintheUnitedStates,accordingtotheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration'sNationalClimateMonitoringAnnualReport,whichwasrele

31、asedThursday.TheUnitedNationshadpreviouslyreportedthat2015wasshapinguptobethewarmestyearonrecordforthewholeplanet.LastyearwasalsothethirdwettestonrecordintheU.S.andsawtenweather-orclimate-relateddisastersthateachcausedatleast$1billionindamageintheU.Sandkilledatotalof155people.Theseincludeadrought,tw

32、ofloods,fiveseverestorms,awildfire,andawinterstorm.TheaverageU.S.temperaturewas54.4F,2.4F°abovethe20thcenturyaverage,andsecondonlyto2012'srecordwarmth.Thiswasalsothe19thconsistentyearwithaveragetemperaturesabovetheaverageforthecentury.Everystatereportedabove-averageannualtemperatures.Thewar

33、mingwasparticularlypronouncedacrossmostoftheeasternhalfofthecountryinDecember,whenmanyplacessawtemperatures30degreesabovenormalandmanyrecordswereset.ThismirroredchangesseenintheArcticthatmonth,whentemperaturesrosequuicklyto50degreesabovenormal.PartofthiswarmingwasdrivenbyastrongElNi?o,orperiodicwarm

34、inginthePacificOcean,butsomeofit.canalsoresultfromglobalwarming,saysmeteorologistEricHolthaus.TheanalysiscomeslessthanamonthaftertheU.S.and194othercountriessignedanagreementinParistomoreaggressivelycountertheeffectsofclimatechange.“EvenifalltheprimarytargetsinParisaremet,we'llonlybepartofthewayt

35、herewhenitcomestocarbonfromtheatmosphere,PresidOentBarackObamaatthetime.Still,theagreementrepresented"atipoint“bysettingup“thearchitecture"fordoingso,hesaid.NOAA'sclimatemonitoringcenterdoesn'tissuepredictionsforfutureweather,buttheagency'sClimatePredictionCenterdoes.Thatteam&#

36、39;sforecastforthenextthreemonthscallsforwarmer-than-averagetemperaturesinmuchofthecountry,althoughpartsofTexasandtheSoutheastmaybealittlecoolerthanusual.AsLancasterUniversityProfessorGailWhitemantoldtheWeatherChannel,"climatechangemeansextremeweatheristhenewnormal."41. Accordingtothetext,

37、wecanlearnthat.A. 2015wasthehottestyearonrecordintheUnitedStatesB. onthewaytoreducecarbonfromatmosphere,theagreementsignedinParisdidn'tmakeanydifferenceC.theUStemperaturerisein2015wasthe19thyearwithaveragetemperatureabovetheaveragechangeD.195countriessignedanagreementinParis,makingjointeffortsto

38、dealwiththeclimatechange42. Whatdoestheunderlined"it"referto?A.astrongElNi?oB.warminginthePacificOceanC.temperatureriseintheArcticD.globalwarming43. Whichdisasterswerecausedbytheclimatein2015?A.forestfires,floodsanddroughtB.drought,stormsandtyphoonC.hurricane,floodsandwinterstormD.drought,

39、floodsandstorms44. WhatdidProfessorGailWhitemanmeanbysaying“climatechangemeansextremeweatheristhenewnormal”?A. Itisnormalforustoexperiencetheextremeweatherinthefuture.B. Weshouldprotectourenvironmentforwewillnormallyfaceextremeweather.C. Globalwarmingwillbecomeanormalphenomenoninthefuture.D. Climate

40、changeswillbringgreatchangesallovertheworld.45. Theaimtowritethepassageisto.A.praiseB.doubtC.blameD.stateWithfuelcostsrisingandairlinesfindingmorefeestoimposeontravelerseveryday,airfareisncheaper.Sinceyoucandtrivetoallyourdreamdestinations,flyingistheonlywaytogosometimesand,undeniably,thefastest.Luc

41、kily,thereareplentyofwaystofindthemostaffordablefaresandalsoavoidpayingasmanyextrachargesaspossiblewhenyouplanahead.GettingthebestfareAirlinesputouttheirfaresalesonTuesdaymorning,makingthisdaythebestdaytobookaflightforless.Flyduringtheleastpopulartimes.Tuesday,WednesdayandSaturdayaretheslowestdaysto

42、fly,whichmeanscheaperdealsthantherestoftheweek.Youcanalsofindreducedratesonearlymorningflights,sincemanypeopledontliketogetupbeforethesuntogettotheairport.Earlierboardingtimescanalsoconsiderablycutdownyourchancesofgettingbumpedonanoverbookedflightordelayedbecauseofotherdelayedflightsormechanicalissu

43、es.Chooseyourseatlater.Someairlineschargeyoutopickyourseatwhenyoubookonline,addingevenmoretothebottomlineofyourticketcost.Ifyoushowupearlyonyourtravelday,youcanstillgetsuitableseats.Someofthebestseatsgetheldbackuntilflightday,unlessothersarewillingtopayextraforthemaheadoftime,soyoustillhavethechance

44、atoneofthose.Flyonholidays.Youalreadyknowthatsummeristhemostexpensivetimetofly,andeventhoughmostothertimesaremoreaffordable,thedayssurroundingholidayscanbecrazy.Savebigifyouremajorholidays,suchasThanksgivingandChristmas.Dontwaituntilthelast-minutetobook.Manytravelersdontknowthatthearesweetspotsforbo

45、okingandgettingthebestpriceonyourtickets.Booktooearlyortoolateandyoucouldenduppayingmorethanyouneedto.Thebesttimetobookisbetweenthreemonthsandsixweeksfromwhenyouwanttotravel.AvoidingextrafeesAirlineswillchargeforjustaboutanythingthesedays.Somehaveeventoyedaroundwithchargingcustomersforusingtherestro

46、om.Allthoseextrafeescancertainlyaddup,buttheresnoreasyoudonthaveto.Herearesometipsktoeepmoneyinyourwalletonceyougettotheairport.Avoidtheupgradeit'snotnecessary.Sometimesupgradesarefree,butmostlyyouwillbechargedforseekingalast-minutebumptofirstclass,andthecostcanbehefty.Flycarry-ononly.Baggagefee

47、svarywildly,butalmostallairlineschargethemandchargebig.Whypayforyourclothestoflywithyou?Ifeveryoneinyourtravelpartychecksabag,yourbillcanbeastronomicalbeforeyoueverevengettoyourdestination.Itseasytoreducehteamountofstuffyoupack:Makesureallyourclothingcoordinates,soyoucantakelessandstillmakemoreoutfi

48、tcombinations,takeonlytwopairofshoes,plantodoabitoflaundryonyourtripandbringonlytravel-sizedtoiletries.Packyourownsnacks.Unlessyourfelyinginternationally,itrasreyourflightcomeswithafreemeal.Snacksontheplanearenotcheapandalmostneverhealthy.Dontrelyonwhatsonthesmallmentucksomeofyourownsnacksgranolabar

49、s,homemademuffins,fruitandtrailmixallmakefantastictravelfoods-intoyourbagandeatalotbetter,andcheaper,thanotherpassengers.46. Whatdayisthebestdaytobookaflight?A.FridayB.MondayC.TuesdayD.Sunday47. Accordingtothetext,wecanlearnthat.A. theearlieryoupickyourseat,thecheaperticketcostyouwillgetB. thebestti

50、metobooktheticketisbetweenthreemonthsandsixmonthsfromyouwanttotravelC. itissuggestedyouflyonholidayssuchasThanksgivingandChristmas,foryoucansavealargesumofmoneyD. ifyouwanttoupgradeyourseattofirstclass,thecostwillnotbehigh48.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorwantstoexpress.A. it'sbetterforyoutotak

51、emesnackswhenyouareflyingB. clothingyoutakewithshouldvarytomakeoutfitchangesC. snacksontheplanesareexpensivebuthealthyD.takeasmuchclothingasusualandyoucandosomewashingonyourtrip49.ThepurposeofthetextisA. tooffersomewaystobuycheapairticketsB. togivesuggestionstofindaffordablefaresandavoidextracharges

52、C.toexplainhowtobookaflightD.tocomparethewaystogetthebestfaresCTherelationshipbetweenexerciseandcancerhaslongbothappealedtoandpuzzledoncologists（腫瘤學(xué)家）.Exerciseisstronglyassociatedwithloweredrisksformanytypesofcancer.Atthesametime,exerciseinvolvesbiologicalstress,whichleadstoashort-termincreaseininfl

53、ammationthroughoutthebody,whichcancontributetoelevatedrisksformanycancers.Now,anewstudysuggeststhatexercisemaychangehowtheimmune（免疫）systemdealswithcancerbyboostingadrenaline（腎上腺素）,certainimmunecellsandotherchemicalsthat,together,canreducetheseverityofcancerorfightitoffaltogether.Totrytobetterunderst

54、andhowexercisecanbothelevateinflammationandatthesametimeprotectthebodyagainstcancer,scientistsdecidedtocloselyexaminewhathappensinsidemiceathighriskforthedisease.So,theybeganbygatheringagroupofadultlabmice.Thescientiststhenimplantedmelanoma（黑色素）skincancercellsintothemicebeforeprovidinghalfofthemwith

55、runningwheelsintheircageswhiletheotheranimalsremainedsedentary.Afterfourweeks,farfeweroftherunnershaddevelopedfull-blownmelanomathanthesedentarymiceandthosethathadbeendiagnosedwiththediseaseshowedfewerandsmallerdamages.Ineffectrunningseemedtohaveatleastpartiallydefendedthemiceagainstthecancer.Theyfoundmuchhigherlevelsofthehormone（荷爾蒙）adrenalineinthebloodoftheexercisinganimals.Theyalsofoundhigherlevelsofinterleukin-6（白細(xì)胞介素-6）inthebloodoftherunners.Thisisasubstancebelievedtobothincreaseanddecreaseinflammationinthebodyrandomly,dependingonwhereand