采礦專業(yè)英語詞匯

1、2011年年9月月 郭文兵郭文兵，博士，教授，副院長博士，教授，副院長 1994年：采礦工程專業(yè)碩士研究生畢業(yè)；年：采礦工程專業(yè)碩士研究生畢業(yè)； 2004年：在中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)獲大地測量學(xué)與測量工程專業(yè)博士學(xué)位；年：在中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)獲大地測量學(xué)與測量工程專業(yè)博士學(xué)位； 2005.92006.8: West Virginia University, USA; 研究方向：研究方向：“三下三下”采煤，礦山壓力與巖層控制；近水體采煤采煤，礦山壓力與巖層控制；近水體采煤 地址：河南省焦作市高新區(qū)世紀(jì)大道地址：河南省焦作市高新區(qū)世紀(jì)大道2001號號 郵編：郵編：454000 電話：電話：03913987908（

2、辦公室）（辦公室） 手機(jī)：手機(jī)eologic structure 地質(zhì)構(gòu)造地質(zhì)構(gòu)造 geologic age term coalfield 煤田煤田 take 井田井田 reserve of the take 井田儲量井田儲量 geologic reserve coal exploration 煤層勘探煤層勘探 explore sedimentary rock 沉積巖沉積巖metamorphose rock 變質(zhì)巖變質(zhì)巖igneous rock 火成巖火成巖alluvium 沖積層沖積層coal seammineral deposit 礦床礦床 epoch 紀(jì)元、紀(jì)、

3、代紀(jì)元、紀(jì)、代Permian 二疊紀(jì)（系）二疊紀(jì)（系）Carboniferous 石炭紀(jì)石炭紀(jì)Cretaceous 白堊紀(jì)白堊紀(jì)Tertiary 第三紀(jì)第三紀(jì)fold 褶褶 曲曲fault 斷層斷層 normal reverse faulting 斷層作用斷層作用faultstrike 走向走向 along the strikedip 傾向、傾角傾向、傾角dip angle of coal seam煤層傾角煤層傾角 weathered 風(fēng)化的風(fēng)化的bituminous coal 煙煤煙煤 bitjumins anthracite 無煙煤無煙煤 lignite 褐煤褐煤limestone 石灰?guī)r

4、石灰?guī)r sandstone 砂巖砂巖 shale 頁巖頁巖 fully mechanized coal face 綜采綜采 conventional mining 普采普采Semi-mechanized coal face blasting mining 炮采炮采 fully mechanized sublevel caving mining 綜綜放放colliery (coal mine) colliery undertaking 企業(yè)企業(yè)Longwall mining 長壁開采長壁開采Room and pillar 房柱式開采房柱式開采pillar and stall Panel, dis

5、trict, mining area 盤區(qū) 采區(qū)Shaft (vertical) 井筒井筒 adit 平硐平硐 shaft sinking 井筒掘進(jìn)井筒掘進(jìn)opencast open pit 露天礦露天礦 surface mining strip mining strata(stratum) 巖層巖層 stimulated caving 強(qiáng)制放頂強(qiáng)制放頂longwall advancing retreating roof (floor) 頂（底）板頂（底）板 main immediate false pit bottom shaft station 井底車場井底車場up cast downca

6、st 進(jìn)回風(fēng)井進(jìn)回風(fēng)井 ventilate ventilationborehole 鉆孔鉆孔 drill bunker(coal bin) 煤倉煤倉Skip 箕斗箕斗 cage 罐籠罐籠 conveyor 運(yùn)輸機(jī)運(yùn)輸機(jī) belt conveyor 膠帶運(yùn)輸機(jī)膠帶運(yùn)輸機(jī) AFC(Armored Face Conveyer) 刮板輸送機(jī)刮板輸送機(jī) coal preparation 選煤選煤 Powered roof support 液壓支架 (shield)drift entry roadway gateroad巷道巷道 crosscut 石門，橫貫，捷徑石門，橫貫，捷徑 methane 甲烷甲烷

7、 瓦斯瓦斯 gas drainage gob，goaf (mined out area) 采空區(qū)采空區(qū) airway 風(fēng)道風(fēng)道 intake return 進(jìn)風(fēng)巷進(jìn)風(fēng)巷 回風(fēng)巷回風(fēng)巷stress-strain 應(yīng)力應(yīng)變應(yīng)力應(yīng)變 stress relief zone de-stressed 應(yīng)力解除應(yīng)力解除Room dispatchers pump 泵房泵房 dispatchers room 調(diào)度室調(diào)度室 waiting room 候車室候車室 winch engine room first-aid room stale air 乏風(fēng)乏風(fēng) fresh intake tail entry head

8、 entry 順槽順槽 heading 掘進(jìn)頭掘進(jìn)頭 rise 上山上山 opening 開切眼開切眼 timber 木支柱木支柱 prop, jack 支柱支柱 individual jacks （prop） 單體支柱單體支柱convergence 頂?shù)装逡平?、會合頂?shù)装逡平?smooth 緩慢下沉緩慢下沉 （巷道）（巷道） free subsidence method （采場（采場）waste heap /spoil tip 矸石山矸石山 spontaneous combustion 自燃自燃 hoist 提升提升 gate road/drift/entry 巷道巷道 incline

9、 gate 斜巷斜巷 incline shaft tectonic 構(gòu)造的構(gòu)造的 stress mining regulations safety regulations rock/ underground pressure 礦山壓力礦山壓力Behavior of rock/ underground pressure 礦山礦山壓力顯現(xiàn)壓力顯現(xiàn)floor heave 底鼓底鼓 thin or medium-thick seam 中厚中厚 incline seam 傾向煤層傾向煤層 sloping steep coal seam 急傾向煤層急傾向煤層 gently slopping 緩傾斜煤層緩傾

10、斜煤層Floor heaving cracked roof 破碎頂板破碎頂板 fractured roof crush, crack spacing of main falls 放頂步距放頂步距 distance of roof fall winch 小絞車小絞車 caving breaker props/breaker support 切頂支柱切頂支柱 withdrawal of support 回柱回柱 prop withdrawer 回柱絞車回柱絞車 shield-type support 掩護(hù)式支架掩護(hù)式支架 chock support 垛式支架垛式支架survey(ing) 測量測量

11、 station 觀測站觀測站 elevation標(biāo)高標(biāo)高 elevator，lifttransit 經(jīng)緯儀經(jīng)緯儀full caving method 全部跨落法全部跨落法 partial caving partial backfilling (packing)subsidence 下沉下沉 trough basin 下沉盆地下沉盆地surface structure（building） 地表建筑物地表建筑物surface movement and deformation 地表移地表移動(dòng)和變形動(dòng)和變形 Contour 等值線等值線下沉（下沉（Subsidence）、傾斜（）、傾斜（Slope）

12、、曲率）、曲率（Curvature）、水平移動(dòng)（）、水平移動(dòng)（Displacement）、水平變）、水平變形（形（Horizontal strain） aquifer 含水層含水層coal mining above a confined aquifer 承壓水上采煤承壓水上采煤protective pillar 保護(hù)煤柱保護(hù)煤柱barrier pillar 隔離煤柱隔離煤柱 Barrier pillarBarrier pillarRoomsRoomsMainsRoomsRoomsPanelPanelBarrier pillarBarrier pillarPanelPanelRoomsRooms

13、RoomsRoomsangle of draw 移動(dòng)角移動(dòng)角 邊界角邊界角 draw angle of strata 邊界角邊界角surface cracks 地表裂縫地表裂縫Surface slope (incline) 地表傾斜地表傾斜 curvature 曲率曲率Surface Crack Overburden strata 上覆巖層上覆巖層overlying strata 上覆巖層上覆巖層structure damage 建筑物損害建筑物損害 recovery ratio 采出率、回采率采出率、回采率 backfilling mining method filling mining s

14、towing mining method充填回采充填回采建筑物下開采建筑物下開采(Mining under buildings) 鐵路下開采鐵路下開采(Mining under railways) 水體下開采水體下開采(Mining under water bodies)simultaneous extraction 同時(shí)開采同時(shí)開采 limited thickness extraction 限厚開采限厚開采 selected extraction 選擇開采選擇開采 continuous extraction 連續(xù)開采連續(xù)開采 land reclaimation technology 土地復(fù)墾

15、技術(shù)土地復(fù)墾技術(shù) compressed air drill 風(fēng)鉆風(fēng)鉆 electric 電鉆電鉆 yielding support 可縮支架可縮支架 rigid 剛性支架剛性支架 roof bolting 頂板錨桿頂板錨桿 resin auxiliary fans 局扇局扇 auxiliary shaft 副井副井 subsidiary shaft 副井副井 Main shaft 主井主井mine water drainage 礦井排水礦井排水haulage hoisting lighting 運(yùn)輸、提升、照明運(yùn)輸、提升、照明 seam subject to rock burst 易突出煤層易

16、突出煤層 spontaneous combustion易自然煤層易自然煤層 rock burst 巖爆巖爆 沖擊礦壓沖擊礦壓 surrounding rock 圍巖圍巖first cost 初期投資初期投資multiple coal seam 多煤層多煤層subsoil 下層基巖下層基巖quarry 采場、采礦場、采石場采場、采礦場、采石場 horizon 區(qū)段、水平區(qū)段、水平horizontal washery 洗煤洗煤coal preparation plant development，Preparation， production systemhigh-productive&hi

17、gh efficient coal mine 高產(chǎn)高效礦井高產(chǎn)高效礦井a(chǎn)scending order descending mining coalification 煤化作用煤化作用 repairing shift development shift productive capacity，output standby equipmentdeplete 枯竭枯竭 采完采完extract/mine/exploit/win/work 開采開采 cantilever 懸臂梁懸臂梁water-bearing ground 含水地層含水地層run-of-mine coal 原煤原煤 raw washed

18、 coal ，clean coal rock mechanics 巖石力學(xué)巖石力學(xué) dummy road 盲巷盲巷 safety pillar 安全煤柱安全煤柱 fossil fuel 化石燃料化石燃料 tensile stress field（ zone ） 拉應(yīng)力區(qū)拉應(yīng)力區(qū)Compressive stress field rock mechanics in coal mining 煤礦巖石力學(xué)煤礦巖石力學(xué)Rock pressure 巖石壓力巖石壓力 rock mass 巖體 behavior of rock pressure 礦山壓力顯現(xiàn)礦山壓力顯現(xiàn)rock strata control

19、(ground control) 巖巖層控制層控制 Stress 應(yīng)力；應(yīng)力；Strain 應(yīng)變應(yīng)變 elastic deformation 彈性變形彈性變形 plastic deformation 塑性變形塑性變形rheology of rock 巖石（體）流變性巖石（體）流變性 virgin rockmass/initial rockmass原巖（體）原巖（體） virgin stress of rockmass 原巖應(yīng)力原巖應(yīng)力initial stress of rockmass原巖應(yīng)力原巖應(yīng)力 virgin stress field of rockmass initial stress

20、 field of rockmass原巖應(yīng)力場原巖應(yīng)力場stress in surrounding rock圍巖應(yīng)力圍巖應(yīng)力stress-concentrated zone 應(yīng)力增高區(qū)應(yīng)力增高區(qū) virgin stress zone（field）initial stress zone 原巖應(yīng)力區(qū)原巖應(yīng)力區(qū)coefficient of stress concentration 應(yīng)力集中系數(shù)應(yīng)力集中系數(shù)Support 支架，支撐支架，支撐partial caving method 局部跨落法局部跨落法pillar support method 煤柱支撐法煤柱支撐法 weak ( soft) str

21、ata 松軟巖層松軟巖層hard strata 堅(jiān)硬巖層堅(jiān)硬巖層 unstable roof 不穩(wěn)定頂板不穩(wěn)定頂板 load of support 支架載荷支架載荷 medium stable roof 中等穩(wěn)定頂板中等穩(wěn)定頂板 stable roof 穩(wěn)定頂板穩(wěn)定頂板 hard roof; strong roof 堅(jiān)硬頂板堅(jiān)硬頂板classification of roof 頂板分類頂板分類classifysetting load 初撐力初撐力 yield load 額定工作阻力額定工作阻力 support load 支護(hù)阻力支護(hù)阻力 prop density 支柱密度支柱密度load density; supporting intensity支護(hù)強(qiáng)度支護(hù)強(qiáng)度 rib spalling 片幫片幫impact load 沖擊載荷沖擊載荷coal rib spallingfirst weighting初次來壓初次來壓 periodic weighting (of main r