（精心整理）初中英語動(dòng)詞專題

1、動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的含義動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞，在句子中做謂語。動(dòng)詞的基本形式： 動(dòng)詞原形、 過去式、 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。 動(dòng)詞的種類: 類別 特點(diǎn) 舉例 及物動(dòng)詞（vt） 跟賓語 I like music. 不及物動(dòng)詞（vi） 不跟賓語 It rained last night. 系動(dòng)詞 跟表語 I am a doctor. She is a nurse. We are very happy. 助動(dòng)詞 跟動(dòng)詞原形或分詞 I dont like playing basketball. I have seen this movie before. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 跟動(dòng)詞原形She can speak Jap

2、anese. 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) （3種結(jié)構(gòu)）表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；或普遍真理、客觀事實(shí)；或某種狀態(tài)。 “主·謂·（賓）”結(jié)構(gòu) Peter always spends too much time playing computer games. Alice usually goes to school by bus in the morning. I like listening to classical music. “There· be”結(jié)構(gòu) There is a map on the wall. There are some birds in the s

3、ky. “主·系·表”結(jié)構(gòu) Its very cold today. The earth is bigger than the moon. My father is a teacher. 動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)動(dòng)詞特征構(gòu)成例詞一般動(dòng)詞詞尾加slike-likes以ch,sh,s,o,x結(jié)尾記憶技巧：吃（ch）蛇(sh,s)后喝XO詞尾加esteach-teachesdo-doesgo-goeswash-washespass-passesmix-mixesfax-faxes(發(fā)送傳真)以y結(jié)尾輔音字母+y,變y為i，再加esstudy-studiescarry-carriestry

4、-tries元音字母+y,直接加splay-playsstay-stayssay-says 一般過去時(shí) （3種結(jié)構(gòu)）表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作。在一般過去時(shí)的句子中, 動(dòng)詞必須用過去式. 動(dòng)詞過去式 及 過去分詞的構(gòu)成 規(guī)則變化 構(gòu)成法 詞例 (1) 一般情況下加 ed work - worked - worked play - played - played (2) 以 e 結(jié)尾的，加 d live - lived - lived like - liked - liked (3) 以“輔音字母 + y” 結(jié)尾的，改 y為i， 再加 ed. study - studied - studied cry

5、 - cried - cried (4) 以重讀閉音節(jié) 或 r音節(jié) 結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，要雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加 ed. stop - stopped - stopped prefer - preferred - preferred refer-referred-referred occur-occurred-occurred 不規(guī)則變化 （參考課本） 一般過去時(shí)常見的提示: yesterday; the day before yesterday; last（week/ month/ year/Sunday -） this -；just now； - ago; after -;

6、when - 等等。 注：當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞是行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，肯定句用動(dòng)詞的過去式表達(dá)，構(gòu)成疑問句或否定句時(shí)，需借助did或didnt構(gòu)成，謂語動(dòng)詞要還原成原形。例如：I went to the zoo yesterday.My mother didnt go to the park last weekend.Did Jim come to see you last night?. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示目前正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 （只有延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有進(jìn)行時(shí)； 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞沒有進(jìn)行時(shí) ） 主語 + 系動(dòng)詞（am / is / are ）+ 現(xiàn)在分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成 構(gòu)成法 詞例 (1) 一般情況下加 ing. w

7、ork - working； learn - learning (2) 以 e 結(jié)尾的，去掉e，再加 ing. live - living； take - taking (3) 以重讀閉音節(jié) 或 r 音節(jié) 結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè) 輔音字母的詞，要雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加 ing. sit - sitting； stop - stopping chat - chatting； refer - referring (4) 以 ie 結(jié)尾的，要改ie 為y，再加 ing. tie - tying； lie - lying 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志：Look； Listen； now； at the moment

8、 / at present Look. Alice is reading a magazine over there. Listen. Peter is singing a Chinese song. Alice is talking to Peter now. Im learning Japanese at the moment. 特殊情況： 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)，它們的現(xiàn)在分詞形式 表示 將來時(shí)。主語 + ( am / is / are ) + 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：表示將來時(shí)。Im going to school now. Mary is leaving for New York

9、soon. Spring Festival is coming. Im arriving in Beijing.過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示在過去的某時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 主語 + 系動(dòng)詞（was / were ）+ 現(xiàn)在分詞 David was doing his homework at 8 oclock yesterday. I was doing my homework at his time yesterday. Tom was having breakfast when Mary called him. 一般將來時(shí) 表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或計(jì)劃或打算作某事。 主語 + will + 動(dòng)詞原形

10、主語 + ( am / is / are ) + going to + 動(dòng)詞原形 主語 + ( am / is / are ) + 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的 現(xiàn)在分詞： 例如：I will tell you the good news.John is going to visit Hangzhou next week.My father is coming to Qingdao tomorrow.一般將來時(shí)常見的提示: tomorrow; the day after tomorrow; next week; in the future; in three days; this evening, soon

11、, at the end of this term一般將來時(shí)的用法1. 表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如：We will get to Shanghai tomorrow.2. 在“祈使句+and/or+句子”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中，“句子”用一般將來時(shí)。例如：Get up early, and you will catch the early bus.Hurry up, or you will be late for school.“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形 ” 與“will+動(dòng)詞原形”be going to和will在一般情況下可以互換，但是在下列情況下將來時(shí)要用will。說明例句帶有意愿色彩I w

12、ill help you later.問對方是否愿意或客氣的邀請或命令Will you please close the door?Will you go with me?在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中，如果主句是一般將來時(shí)，用will Mr. Wang will come if it doesnt rain.He will call us as soon as he gets to Hong Kong. 過去將來時(shí) 表示在過去的某時(shí)計(jì)劃或打算作某事。 ( 間接引語 / 賓語從句 ) 主語 + would + 動(dòng)詞原形 主語 + ( was / were ) + going to + 動(dòng)詞原形主語 +

13、 ( was / were ) +非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)名詞例如：I thought you would help the old man.Mary was going to take part in this meeting.He said he was leaving for Hong Kong.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 含義：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示“過去的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在所造成的結(jié)果或影響”. 漢語譯文中經(jīng)常含有“已經(jīng)”、“曾經(jīng)”、“還沒有”等詞語.構(gòu)成：主語 + have / has + 過去分詞 例如：I have seen this movie before. (結(jié)果：我了解這部影片的內(nèi)容 ) He has had

14、a good education. (結(jié)果：他的知識(shí)水平很高 ) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見的標(biāo)志 : so far / up to now  recently  in recent years  before  in the past  / in the last / over the past / over the last   since / for: 既可以用于 “現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”, 也可以用于“現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)”. already / yet / ever / never / before: 既可以用于“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”, 也

15、可以用于“過去完成時(shí)”. I have already finished the work. / I have just finished the work. Have you finished the work yet ? I havent finished my work yet. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以接一段時(shí)間； 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞后面不能接一段時(shí)間, 如果要接一段時(shí)間, 就必須把 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 替換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞. come - be here He came here two hours ago. He has been here for two hours

16、. go - be out/ be away They went out an hour ago. They have been out for an hour. leave - be away Tom left ten minutes ago. Tom has been away for ten minutes. buy - have I bought this dictionary 10 years ago. I have had this dictionary for 10 years.begin-be on The film began five minutes ago. The fi

17、lm has been on for five minutes. 某些延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（如：look for, watch, wait for, live, work, develop, teach, learn, study,rain等）與 since 或 for 連用時(shí)， 表示“從過去的某一時(shí)刻起,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作”，它們的“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”可以與“現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)”互相替換。 He has lived here for 20 years. He has been living here for 20 years. have been to 表示“曾經(jīng)去過 -” : I have bee

18、n to Beijing before. have gone to 表示“已經(jīng)去了 -” : They have gone to Japan. 過去完成時(shí) 主語 + had + 過去分詞 表示在過去的某個(gè)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 - “過去的過去”. By the end of last month, we had learned 12 English songs. By the time he got home, all the guests had left. When they arrived at the railway station，the train had already

19、left.Before I went to bed，I had finished reading that book. After I had finished reading the book，I went to bed. “by the end of last -” 只能用于“過去完成時(shí)” By the end of last month, we had learned 5000 English words. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 主語 + have / has + been + 現(xiàn)在分詞 表示從過去的某一時(shí)刻起到現(xiàn)在，一直在做某事。 I have been waiting for your r

20、eply since I sent you a letterI have been living here for 20 yearsIt has been raining since last nightSince 1989, Wang Gang has been working in this company. He has been learning English for 10 years.專項(xiàng)練習(xí) 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練 1 He often to the park with some friends on Sundays. A. go B. goes C. is going D. has

21、gone 2 Toms father listening to classical music. A. like B. dont like C. likes D. is liking 3 your mother up early in the morning. A. Do / get B. Do / gets C. Does / gets D. Does / get 4 Look, the boys football on the playground. A. play B. playing C. are playing D. is play 5 Peter went swimming wit

22、h Mike yesterday, he ? A. did B. does C. didnt D. doesnt 6 I a UFO in the sky while I was talking a walk in the street just now. A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. was seeing 7 Fred a model plane when I went to see him. A. makes B. is making C. was making D. made 8 Ill tell her to call you back when

23、 she back. A. will come B. comes C. has come D. is coming 9 My father cigarettes, he thinks it is harmful for health. A. didnt smoke B. dont smoke C. doesnt smokes D. doesnt smoke 10I 2000 English words by the end of last term. A. had learned B. have learned C. would learn D. was learning 11How long

24、 you the mobile phone ? A. have bought B. have / had C. did / buy D. do / buy 12My brother to London many times, so he knows London very well. A. was going B. went C. has been D. has gone 13I want to know if you free tomorrow evening. If you free, Id like to invite you to dinner. A. will be / are B.

25、 are / will be C. are / are D. will be / will be 14Listen, the music very nice. A. is sounding B. sound C. sounds D. is sounded 15I my best to learn English well from now on. A. tried B. have tried C. am trying D. will try 16Our teacher told us that light faster than sound. A. travelled B. travels C

26、. had travelled D. is travelled 17Mr Brown isnt at home now. He to his office. A. had gone B. had been C. has gone D. has been 18He said he would go to the movies with us if he free. A. will be B. would be C. is D. was 19Jenny to visit her grandma three days ago. A. went B. goes C. has gone D. had g

27、one 20The Greens China for five years. A. has been in B. have been in C. has come to D. have gone to 21There a basketball match in our school the day after tomorrow. A. will have B. will be C. would be D. is going to have 22I to Hainan for vacation in three days. A. went B. go C. will go D. was goin

28、g 23How long you French before you went to Paris ? A. had / studied B. have / studied C. do / study D. would / study 24Hi, Peter. I you were here. A. dont know B. havent known C. hadnt known D. didnt know 25We will get everything ready before she here. A. will come B. comes C. would come D. came 26T

29、om his coat and then went out. A. put on B. puts on C. had put on D. would put on 27Neither of us interested in folk songs. A. were B. am C. is D. are 28I heard her in the next room when I got home. A. play B. playing C. to play D. played 29Linda TV since 6 oclock this morning. A. was watching B. ha

30、s been watched C. had watched D. has been watching 30He to work in a factory at the age of 17. A. began B. has begun C. would begin D. had begun 31One day while I along the street, I someone calling me. A. walked / heard B. was walking / was hearing C. was walking / heard D. walked / was hearing 32N

31、either I nor he in physics. A. are interesting B. are interested C. is interesting D. is interested 33I in the bar for an hour before she . A. had waited / arrived B. waited / had arrived C. was waiting / had arrived D. have waited / arrive 34He he me before. A. said / has met B. said / had met C. s

32、ays / had met D. is saying / has met 35Tina said that she a party at home the next Saturday evening. A. had held B. will hold C. would hold D. is holding 36When he arrived at the cinema, the film already . A. was / starting B. would / start C. has / started D. had / started 37- Wheres Mr Green ? - He Japan on business. He back in two weeks. A. has gone to / is B. has been to / will be C. has been to / comes