牛津英語(yǔ)5A英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法

1、牛津英語(yǔ)5a英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法(三)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)行為動(dòng)詞詞型變化形式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞只有第三人稱有詞形變化，其他人稱動(dòng)詞均用原形單數(shù)第三人稱動(dòng)詞變化：多數(shù)在動(dòng)詞后加splayplayslikelikes ,以s，x，sh，ch，o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加esgogoeswash-washes,以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，把y改i再加esflyfliesstudy-studies二. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞be和 have的變化形式1.動(dòng)詞Be 叫連系動(dòng)詞, 連系動(dòng)詞be的用法：除了第一人稱單數(shù)用am，和第三人稱單數(shù)用is以外，其它人稱用are。I am busy. You are busy. He (She) is b

2、usy. We (You, They) are busy.2.動(dòng)詞have的用法：除了第三人稱單數(shù)用has以外，其它人稱一律用have。如: I have a pen. You have a pen. She (He) has a pen.We (You, They) have pens.三. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句型1.肯定句構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞 (注意人稱變化) +其它成分Ihave a dog. We like the little cat. She sings well.2.否定句構(gòu)成：行為動(dòng)詞的否定句：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞(do/does) + not +動(dòng)詞原形+其它成分He dosent have

3、a dog.He isnt young.We dont like the little cat.(借助于助動(dòng)詞do) She doesnt sing well. (借助于助動(dòng)詞does)3.一般疑問(wèn)句：A.行為動(dòng)詞的一般疑問(wèn)句：助動(dòng)詞(do/does)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形 + 其它成分Do you like it? Yes, I do. / No. I dont . Does he(she) like it? Yes, he( she )does. / No, he ( she )doesnt.B. 動(dòng)詞BE 的一般疑問(wèn)句Am / Is /Are +主語(yǔ) + 其它成分Are you a teach

4、er? Yes, I am. / No, I am not.Are they students of your school.Yes they are / No they aren,t.4.特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞 + 一般疑問(wèn)句How many students are there in your school?What do you usually do on Sunday?四一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法1.經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：every year, sometimes, at 5 oclock, on Sunday.I get up at six oclock eve

5、ry day.He gets up at six oclock every day.She smokes too much. I telephone to my parents once a week.2.表達(dá)客觀真理，科學(xué)事實(shí)。如果出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Three and four makes seven.The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.Shenyang lies in the north of China.3.在格言或名言警句中。Pride goes before a f

6、all. 驕必?cái)?。Actions speak louder than words.事實(shí)用于雄辯。4.表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、性格、個(gè)性。I dont want more, thanks.He is a good student. He is always ready to help others.五.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)其它用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)1.含有g(shù)o, come, return, arrive, leave, start, begin等動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。The school bus leaves at eight .2.在時(shí)間或條件句中。When Tom comes

7、, ask him how to fix the tap.Ill help you as soon as I arrive there.3.在動(dòng)詞hope,take care that,make sure that等后。I hope she has a good time.Before you leave the room, please make sure that the door is closed.4.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,條件句中,從句中(常含有till , once , as soon as ,when , while , before , after , so long as , by

8、the time , if , in case ,unless , even if , whether , the moment , the minute )Eg. As soon as I get there, I will deal with this matter.Whether he is happy is an important thing to her.5.倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行Here comes the teacher!= The teacher is coming.There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.Here comes

9、the car. = The car is coming.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表過(guò)去1."書上"，"報(bào)紙上"的敘述。The newspaper says that the president will retire next month.2.敘述往事，使其生動(dòng)。Napoleons army now advances and the great battle begins.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表完成1.動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替完成時(shí)：hear , tell , learn , write , understand , forget , know , find , say, rem

10、ember.Eg.I hear (= have heard) he will go to Paris.I forget (=have forgotten) how to read the word.2.句型 " It is since " = " It has been since "It is (= has been) five years since we last met.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表進(jìn)行1.句型：Here comes； There goesEg: Look, here comes Mr. Brown.六. 注意事項(xiàng)1.在英國(guó)，人們常用have g

11、ot代替have，特別在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。2.當(dāng)have如果不表示“有”時(shí)，構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)或否定句時(shí)，就借助于助動(dòng)詞do, does, dont或者doesnt.練習(xí) 一.用詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.What time_ his father_(do) the work?2.He _(get) up at five oclock.3._ you _(brush) your teeth every morning.4.What _ ( do ) he usually _( do ) after school?5.Tom _ ( study ) English, Chinese, Maths, Scienc

12、e and Art at school.6. Kitty sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.7.At eight at night, she _( watch ) TV with her parents.8. _ Mike_( read ) English every day?9.How many lessons_ your classmates_( have ) on Monday?10.We often_ ( play ) football in the playground.二選擇() 1. _ you have a book?A.

13、DoB. AreC. IsD. Have()2. They _ on a farm.A. workingB. is workC. workD. is worked() 3. Does Peter like to watch TV?_. A. Yes, he likeB. No, he doesntC. Yes, hed likeD. No, he likes()4. She doesnt _ her homework in the afternoon.A. doingB. to doC. doesD. do()5. How _ Mr. Brown _ to America?A. do,goB.

14、 is,goC. does,goD. does,goes()6. Wheres my camera? I_ it.A. am not findingB. am not seeingC. cant findD. cant look at()7. How _ he go to work?He _ to work by bike.A. does ;goB. do;goesC. do ;goD. does;goes()8. _ you usually late for school?No, _.A. Do ; I amB. Does ;notC. Are ; Im notD. Are ; I aren

15、t()9. _ she _ home at six every day?A. Is , leaveB. Does , leaveC. Is , leavesD. Does , left()10. Mr. Yang _ English this term.A. teaches ourB. teaches usC. teachs usD. teach our答案：一.1.does, do2. gets3. Do, brush4. does, do5. studies6. goes7. watches8. Does, read9. do, have10. play二.1-5 A C B D C6-1

16、0 C D C B B牛津英語(yǔ)5A英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法(四)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一、概念現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞 be ( am / is / are ) +現(xiàn)在分詞.二、 現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：1.大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞后可在動(dòng)詞后直接加-ing Eg: carry-carrying,catch-catching,drink-drinking, enjoy-enjoying hurry-hurrying ,do-doing , read-reading , think-thinking2. 如果動(dòng)詞以-e結(jié)尾,則去掉-e,再加-ing,如come-c

17、oming , have-having , make-making,ride-riding,write-writing,take-taking,use-using3. 如果動(dòng)詞只有一個(gè)元音字母,而其后跟有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí),將此輔音字母雙寫,再加-ing如： hit-hitting,let-letting, put-putting,run-running,sit-sitting4. 如果動(dòng)詞有兩個(gè)音節(jié),且重音在第二個(gè)音節(jié)上,則末尾的輔音字母須雙寫,再加-ing,如: forget-forgetting,prefer-preferring,upset-upsetting試比較 benefit/ben

18、fiting, differ/differing,profit/profiting,這些詞的重音在第一個(gè)音節(jié)上,因此其末尾的輔音字母不雙寫5. 以 -ic 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)先把 -ic 變?yōu)?-ick,再加 -ing,eg: panic/panicking,picnic/picnicking,但 lie/lying ,die/dying,tie/tying是特殊變化要記住三、句型結(jié)構(gòu)：1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定形式、否定形式、疑問(wèn)形式及其回答,所有變化都體現(xiàn)在助動(dòng)詞 be ( is / am / are ) 上1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定形式：主語(yǔ)+be(am/ is/are)+doing+其他成分I am

19、singing . They are writing .2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定形式:主語(yǔ)+be(am/ is/are)+not +doing+其他成分I am not singing . They arent writing .3）一般疑問(wèn)句及回答：be(am/ is/are)+ 主語(yǔ)+doing+其他成分Am I singing ? Yes ,you are . / No ,you arent .Are they writing ? Yes ,they are . / No ,they arent .4)特殊疑問(wèn)句及回答:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be(am/ is/are)+主語(yǔ)+doing+其他成分Wh

20、at are you doing ? We are playing (要求就提問(wèn)內(nèi)容具體回答).2. 縮寫形式如下:I am-Im You are-Youre He is-Hes She is-Shes It is-Its We are-Were They are-Theyre3.說(shuō)明: 不是所有動(dòng)詞都能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的,如：see、like、want、know 等動(dòng)詞往往都不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)四用法：1.表示現(xiàn)在( 指說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí)) 正在發(fā)生的事情往往與 now,at the moment,just 等副詞連用,以示強(qiáng)調(diào)We are waiting for you. What are you doi

21、ng? Some ones knocking at the door2.正在進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作可視為未完成的動(dòng)作：Hes talking to his friends in the classroom.可用 still 一詞強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性Hes still talking to his friends in the classroom.3. 表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作,說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行Mr. Black is writing another article.Dont take that book away. Your fathers using it.She is learning piano

22、 under Mr. Black.4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可用來(lái)表示不會(huì)長(zhǎng)期發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況,或被認(rèn)為在短期內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的情況：Whats your brother doing these days? Hes studying English at Oxford University.5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以用來(lái)表示當(dāng)前的動(dòng)向：People are becoming more and more beautiful these days.6. 表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有：become,turn,get,grow,run,go,begin等The leaves are turning brown.Its get

23、ting colder and colder.7.與always,constantly,forever 等詞連用,表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),往往帶有說(shuō)話人的主觀色彩You are always changing your mind.8. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(以及 be going to）可以表示為將來(lái)安排好的活動(dòng)和事件 Were spending next winter in China. 用arrive,come,go,leave 等動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)描寫行 程安排,也通常有“將到達(dá)”和“將離去”的意思： Hes arriving tomorrow morning.9.當(dāng)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示某事發(fā)

24、生的次數(shù)過(guò)多時(shí),則有時(shí)含有抱怨,討厭,贊揚(yáng)等的意思：He is always singing at night,and we cant fall asleep late at night. 練習(xí)一.用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)完成下列句子:1. _you_(fly) a kite? Yes,_.2. _you_(sit) in the boat?3. _he_(talk) with me?4. We_(play) football now.5. What_you_(do)?6. I_(sing) an English song.7. What_he_(mend)?8. He_(mend) a car

25、.9. These boys _ (play) tennis on the playground.10. My mother_ (cook) in the kitchen.11. We cant help you,because we _ (have )classes.12. _ the boy _ (write) his homework?13. Look! These butterflies _ (fly) in the sky.14. Listen! The girl _ (sing) in the next room.15. The naughty boy _ (swim) in th

26、e river.二.選擇1. Look. Lucy is_ a new bike today.A. jumping B. running C. riding D takeing2. The children _ football.A. is playing B. are playing C. play the D. play a3. They _TV in the evening. They do their homework.A. are watching B. cant watching C. dont watch D. dont watching4. Listen! She_ in th

27、e classroom.A. is singingB. sing C .to sing D. is sing5. _are you eating? Im eating _ meat.A. What,some B. Which,any C. Where,not D. What,a6. Is she _ something?A. eat B. eating C. eatting D. eats7.My dictionary _,I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it.A. has lost,dont find B. is missing,dont

28、 findC. has lost,havent found D. is missing,havent found.8.Having a computer for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changedD. will change9. The building_ ,I cant stand the noise.A. was being built B. is built C. is being built D. b

29、uilds10. I cant catch up with the fashion,because the clothes style_ all the time.A. has changed B. is changed C. is changing D. changed11. Its six in the afternoon. The Greens_ lunch together.A. has B. are having C. have hadD. had had12. Dont make any noise while the students_ to the class. A. are

30、listening B. listened C. have listened D. had listened13. Jack and Ketty_ in the lake. Lets join them,shall we? A. swim B. have swum C. swamD. are swimming14. Look! The children_ basketball on the playground.A. plays B. played C. is playing D. are playing15. The kite_ high in the sky now. It looks l

31、ike a big bird.A. has flown B. is flying C. was flying D. flew16.As we all know,the population in the world _ faster and faster.A. is grown B. is growing C. are grown D. are growing17. To my surprise,he_ in class.A. is always speaking B. would always speak C. has always been speaking D. does speak a

32、lways18. I want to know when he _ for New York tomorrow. A. has left B. is leaving C. had left D. has been leaving19. He_ of how he can do more for the people.A. had always thought B. is always thinking C.has always been thought D. thinking always20. Forests _ and burned at such a speed that they wi

33、ll disappear from the earth in the future. A.cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut牛津英語(yǔ)5A英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法(五)代詞一代詞：代詞是代替名詞以及起名詞作用的短語(yǔ)、分句和句子的詞。二代詞的種類：1. 人稱代詞主格I , you, he, she, it, we, you, they賓格me, you, him, her, it, us, you , them 2. 物主代詞形容詞性的物主代詞my, your, his , her, its, our, your ,their 名詞性的物主代詞mine,

34、 yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs3. 反身代詞myself, herself, themselves 4. 相互代詞有：each other, one another 5. 提示代詞有：this , that , these , those , those 6. 疑問(wèn)代詞who, what, whose 7. 關(guān)系代詞which, that, who 8. 連接代詞what, who, whose9. 不定代詞沒(méi)有指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞叫做不定代詞 all, each, both, either, neither, one, a

35、ny10. 指示代詞that, this ,these, those三代詞的使用方法1. 人稱代詞是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我們"、"你們"、"他們"的詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化。物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞，也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞二種。表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我們自己"、&q

36、uot;你們自己"和"他們自己"等的代詞，叫做自身代詞，也稱為"反身代詞"。詳件見下表： 人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞第一人稱單數(shù)Imemy minemyself復(fù)數(shù)weusouroursourselves第二人稱單數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourself復(fù)數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人稱單數(shù)hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsItself復(fù)數(shù)theythemtheirtheirsthemselves句法功能作主語(yǔ),

37、其中she指帶代國(guó)家,it可指代天氣時(shí)間等。作賓語(yǔ)介詞賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),介詞賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)書信yours作賓語(yǔ),介詞賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)同為語(yǔ)根據(jù)上表的例句如下：She doesnt believe us.When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.Youll find your books among mine on the bookshelf.-Who is it? -Its me.Our room is on the first floor, and theirs is on the second.They think too much

38、 of themselves.A week later, I myself had to go to Paris.Help yourself!We cook for ourselves.I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.The cap is Jacks.注意：在連續(xù)使用兩個(gè)以上人稱代詞時(shí)，通常單數(shù)you放在第一位， I 放在最后；復(fù)數(shù)we放在第一位，they放在最后。簡(jiǎn)單記成：?jiǎn)螖?shù)2,3,1，復(fù)數(shù)1,2,3 。都是三人稱，女后男在先。例如：You and I can help each other.They couldnt

39、have seen Tom and me there.You, Tom and I are leaving next month.You or they must pass the exam.We, you and they should go there together.2. 疑問(wèn)代詞(who, whom, which, what, whose) 用來(lái)構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句，在句中可以起名詞詞組作用。指人： who, whom, whose指物： what既可指人又可指物： whichwho與whom. (whom是who的賓格)Who told you the truth?Whom are you

40、talking with?whose, which, what(在非限定的數(shù)量中選擇用what,在限定的數(shù)量中選擇which)Whose book is this?What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?Which book you like better, the English book or the Chinese book?What are you reading now?Whats your father?Whose books are these on the desk?注意：疑問(wèn)代詞用于對(duì)介詞賓語(yǔ)提

41、問(wèn)時(shí)，過(guò)去的文體中介詞和疑問(wèn)代詞通常一起放在句首，現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，疑問(wèn)代詞在句首，介詞在句未。For what do most students study?What are you looking for?3. 指示代詞this, these, that , those被用作名詞中心詞的修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)屬于限定詞，而單獨(dú)用來(lái)代替名詞詞組時(shí)是代詞。This is the bus we want.Put these in your bag.My idea is this.How do you think of this idea?注意：that和those有時(shí)用來(lái)代表前面提到的名詞，以避免重復(fù)。The be

42、st coal is that from Newcastle.Those who wish to go may sign up here.4. 不定代詞用法辨析neithernor 沒(méi)有也沒(méi)有either or 不是就是both兩者都o(jì)ne the other 兩個(gè)中的一個(gè),另一個(gè)another 再一個(gè),又一個(gè)every 作定語(yǔ),每一個(gè). (可以形成合成詞 everybody everything)each每一個(gè),一個(gè)個(gè)的加以考慮時(shí)用.None 否定意思,"沒(méi)有一個(gè)"5其它代詞在高中部分會(huì)有進(jìn)一步講解。練習(xí)題： 1. The weather in Guangzhou is

43、hotter than _ in Shenyang.A. thatB. ItC. thisD. one 2. Mr. Green is our English teacher. _comes from U. S. A.A. heB. sheC. itD. they3. My bike is broken. May I borrow_?A. youB. yourselfC. yoursD. your4. Would you like some tea? Yes, just_-.A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. little bit5. Would you like some

44、 tea or coffee? _. Thanks, Ive had enough.A. eitherB. neitherC. someD. both6. I bought _ exercise books with _ money.A. a few, a fewB. a few, a littleC. a little, a fewD. a little, a little7. I made the cake by _. Help _, Tom.A. ourselves, yourselfB. myself, yourselfC. myself, youD. me, him8. Enjoy_

45、, May and Mary.A. yourselfB. myselfC. yourselvesD. themselves9. _ house is this ?Its mine.A. WhatB. WhoC. WhoseD. Whose10. She is a student and _ name is Mary.A. sheB. herC. hersD. his11. She will go skating and I will do _.A. suchB. sameC. the same asD. the same12. _ is he?He is a bus driver.A. who

46、 B. whichC. thatD. what13. _ hat is this?Its _.A. Whose, meB. Who, mineC. Whom, hisD. Whose, mine14. The population of China is larger than _ of Japan.A. oneB. itC. thatD. those15. Li Li is clever than _ in his class.A. anybodyB. anyone elseC. else anyoneD. somebody else16. _ like music.A. Both of t

47、hemB. Both of theyC. The both girlsD. Both them17. Could you give me some ink?Sorry, I have_ in my bottle.A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. little18. He has _ to tell us.A. something importantB. important somethingC. anything usefulD. useful nothing19. Would you like _ coffee? Yes, Id like _.A. any, anyB.

48、 some, someC. some, anyD. any, some20. _ of the teachers are ok in our school.A. everyB. eachC. eitherD. all21. Of the three foreigners, one is from London, _ are from the USA.A. two othersB. the other tooC. another twoD. the both22. Which would you like, sir, tea or coffee?I dont mind. _ is ok.A. E

49、itherB. NeitherC. AnyD. Both23. Help _ to some chicken, boys and girls.A. youB. yoursC. yourselfD. yourselves24. What do you usually have for breakfast?_ milk and _ eggs.A. Little, a littleB. A few, fewC. A little, a fewD. A few, a little25. Who taught _ history last year?Nobody! He learned it _.A.

50、him, himselfB. his, himselfC. himself, himselfD. his, him26. There isnt _ paper here. Will you go and get _for me?A. any, anyB. any, someC. much, manyD. many, much27. The farmer is busy because hes so _ sheep to keep and so _ work to do.A. much, manyB. many, muchC. many, a lotD. a lot, much28. On _

51、side of the river therere many tall trees.A everyB. allC. bothD. each29. Whose photo is this?Its _.A. meB. mineC. myD. myself30. Who is playing the piano in the next room?_ is Li Pings brother.A. ThisB. ThatC. ItD. He 31. The old man has two sons, but _ of them lives with him.A. bothB. noneC. neithe

52、rD. all32. You have more apples than I, but _ are bigger than_.A. my, yourB. my, yoursC. mine, yourD. mine, yours33. There is _ meat at home. Would you please go and buy_?A. some, a littleB. a little, anyC. little, someD. little, any34. My parents are workers. _ both work in the same factory.A. themB. theyC. heD. she35. Can you come on Friday or Saturday?Im afraid _ day is possible.A. eitherB. sameC. nayD. neither36. He cant hear you, because th