煤礦安全因素探討外文文獻翻譯研究生考試

1、煤礦安全管理要素探討李 俊(山西焦煤集團有限責(zé)任公司,太原030024)摘要:通過對煤礦安全管理要素的分析強調(diào)了以人為本的安全管理思路,針對目前煤礦安全管理中存在的一些誤區(qū),結(jié)合企業(yè)實際和其它煤炭企業(yè)管理經(jīng)驗, 以及安全管理要素相互作用的理論,提出了以“人”為本、以“物”?！叭恕?、以“環(huán)境”影響“人”的管理方法和工作措施。關(guān)鍵詞:煤礦安全管理; 要素分析;以人為本0 引言安全是煤炭企業(yè)永恒的主題。煤礦安全生產(chǎn)關(guān)系職工生命安全, 關(guān)系煤炭工業(yè)健康發(fā)展, 關(guān)系社會穩(wěn)定大局。實現(xiàn)煤礦安全生產(chǎn)是落實科學(xué)發(fā)展觀的必須要求, 是構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會的重要內(nèi)容。但近些年全國發(fā)生的幾起大的煤礦安全事故說明了煤

2、礦安全生產(chǎn)的形勢依然嚴峻, 安全管理中存在的問題仍十分尖銳。因此, 有必要也必須尋求一種更科學(xué)更有效的安全管理方法來解決安全生產(chǎn)中的突出問題, 確保職工的生命安全和企業(yè)的健康穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。1. 煤礦安全管理概念簡述煤礦安全管理就是對煤礦安全生產(chǎn)相關(guān)要素和過程進行計劃、組織、協(xié)調(diào)和控制的一系列活動, 以保障職工在生產(chǎn)過程中的生命安全, 保證生產(chǎn)工作的順利開展, 保護國家和集體的財產(chǎn)不受損失。由于煤礦生產(chǎn)、管理工作中時時處處都與安全相聯(lián)系,因此安全管理應(yīng)該是全面的、全員的和全過程的, 是煤礦所有管理工作的核心。2 煤礦安全管理要素分析管理要素是指管理活動和過程必不可少的組成部分。從煤礦安全管理的活動和

3、過程看, 煤礦安全管理的要素主要包括人、物、環(huán)境三大要素。人是指員工的本體、意識和行為;物包括工程、設(shè)備、材料等硬件和技術(shù)、工藝、流程等軟件兩個方面;環(huán)境也包括硬件環(huán)境和軟件環(huán)境兩個方面, 硬件環(huán)境指由裝備、技術(shù)等構(gòu)成的生產(chǎn)、工作環(huán)境, 軟件環(huán)境指由安全文化、宣傳教育等構(gòu)成的思想文化氛圍。在人、物、環(huán)境諸因素中,人是最積極的因素,人既是安全管理的主體,也是安全管理的客體, 同時也是安全管理的直接目的-人的安全。而人的安全從狹義的角度也可以說是安全事故的承受者-決大部分生產(chǎn)一線員工的生命安全。3 以人為本的安全管理思想以人為本的管理思想是現(xiàn)代管理理念的主旋律。以人為本的管理是指任何管理都要以人為

4、中心, 把提高人的素質(zhì)、處理人際關(guān)系、滿足人的需要、調(diào)動人的主動性、積極性、創(chuàng)造性的工作放在首位。因此在煤礦企業(yè)進行安全管理的時候,必須堅持以安全管理的主、客體, 對安全管理起著主導(dǎo)性作用的因素-人為根本, 立足于自身的意識、素質(zhì)、能力的提高, 通過對外部其它管理要素物和環(huán)境的組織和控制影響作用與人, 從而實現(xiàn)安全生產(chǎn)。從安全管理的最直接的目的-人的安全來看, 安全管理中的“以人為本”管理思想應(yīng)更多地傾向于生產(chǎn)一線的員工。4. 以人為本的安全管理方法和具體工作從以人為本的管理思想和人、物、環(huán)境三要素相互作用的理論出發(fā),研究安全管理的思路和方法, 尤其是對生產(chǎn)一線職工的安全管理,應(yīng)該從以下三個方

5、面進行。4. 1以人為本從提高職工安全意識和技能素質(zhì)以及建立健全有效的監(jiān)督約束機制方面進行研究,使員工在自身和外界約束下保證安全行為, 進而保證人的安全。1職工安全意識的提高是根本.以人為本的安全管理是從職工是心理、意識、情緒、性格等方面入手,激發(fā)職工的主動管理性。加大對職工“安全第一”安全意識的宣傳和教育，通過媒體、宣傳、教育等方法注重提高職工對安全重要性和必要性的認識。加強對安全事故案例的學(xué)習(xí),做到警鐘長鳴。針對最近發(fā)生的煤礦安全事故,及時開展全員事故反思學(xué)習(xí),舉一反三,在分析事故產(chǎn)生原因的同時,通過事故教訓(xùn)從思想上對職工進行再教育。2職工技能素質(zhì)的提高是基礎(chǔ)。繼續(xù)加大職工培訓(xùn)教育力度,加

6、強培訓(xùn)基地的建設(shè),在堅持單位自身培訓(xùn)的基礎(chǔ)上,可以同煤炭院校進行合作,借鑒煤炭院校建設(shè)經(jīng)驗,也可借院校平臺來加強對職工的正規(guī)培訓(xùn)力度。3有效的監(jiān)督激勵管理機制是保證。在職工有了足夠的自我安全意識和業(yè)務(wù)技能素質(zhì),能夠自發(fā)地良好地履行崗位安全職責(zé)的同時,還應(yīng)制定相應(yīng)的激勵、約束、管理機制來使職工的這種安全行為、安全意識堅持下來。首先，加強安全生產(chǎn)崗位責(zé)任制的落實和考核,針對不同的工種制定安全生產(chǎn)崗位責(zé)任制,使每個崗位的職工都明確各自崗位的安全職責(zé),簽訂安全生產(chǎn)責(zé)任狀,按照責(zé)任輕重和所擔(dān)風(fēng)險,實行工效掛鉤、績效考核。其次，借鑒潞安集團安全管理經(jīng)驗, 推行職工個人安全檔案管理。建立職工個人安全行為檔案

7、、職工培訓(xùn)教育檔案、職工家庭情況檔案。通過三個檔案統(tǒng)一管理,及時全面掌握職工的情況和思想動態(tài),排查安全薄弱人物,對各類職工根據(jù)不同情況,采取不同措施, 確保職工的安全行為和安全思想。最后，注重通過職工家屬對職工的安全行為進行激勵和約束, 以家庭幸福、親情感化激勵來提高職工搞好安全生產(chǎn)的自覺性和主動性。4. 2 以物保人加大安全投入力度,推行安全生產(chǎn)一體化管理、安全機電一體化管理、安全技術(shù)一體化管理,狠抓安全費用工程、裝備升級、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新等工作,以先進的系統(tǒng)、裝備、技術(shù)等為職工的安全提供強有力的保障。1全力推進安全費用工程的完成。安全費用工程項目的施工隊伍要通過招投標(biāo)來確定,爭取讓高素質(zhì)、高水準(zhǔn)、

8、高資質(zhì)的隊伍來組織施工。狠抓工程的施工組織和管理,積極協(xié)調(diào)解決施工過程中出現(xiàn)的各種問題,保證各項工程按進度計劃安排正常施工。與施工單位簽訂工程責(zé)任狀, 嚴格過程考核和竣工驗收, 確保工程的高質(zhì)量、高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)投產(chǎn)。2.繼續(xù)加大裝備升級的力度。重點加強一通三防、防治水、瓦斯治理等安全重點方面設(shè)備的更新和升級。全方位引進高科技、現(xiàn)代化的設(shè)備,逐步以科技和信息為主導(dǎo), 作為裝備升級的手段和目的。3.加快技術(shù)的引進和創(chuàng)新步伐推行安全技術(shù)一體化管理. 利用科技化、信息化的手段對人、物、環(huán)境的安全狀態(tài)進行監(jiān)控和調(diào)整,不斷優(yōu)化設(shè)計、優(yōu)化程序、優(yōu)化工藝, 保持安全最佳狀態(tài)。4.3 以環(huán)境影響人積極探索“環(huán)控”的理論

9、,從生產(chǎn)工作的硬件環(huán)境和思想文化的軟件環(huán)境兩個方面進行研究,在為職工創(chuàng)造良好的工作環(huán)境和安全氛圍的同時對職工的安全行為進行影響和控制。1. 狠抓質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化建設(shè), 創(chuàng)造安全生產(chǎn)的硬環(huán)境。突出以人為本,強化基礎(chǔ)裝備、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、基礎(chǔ)資料的建設(shè),保證質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)運作和動態(tài)達標(biāo),使安全生產(chǎn)時刻保持在良好的運行狀態(tài)。抓好現(xiàn)場管理是基礎(chǔ)，抓好班組建設(shè)是關(guān)鍵，有效的監(jiān)督管理機制是促進，軍事化管理的推行是有效手段。2. 狠抓重大隱患的排查治理。通過對一通三防、防治水、安全供電、小煤窯治理等重大安全隱患的排查治理,使安全生產(chǎn)硬環(huán)境的安全系數(shù)不斷提高。制定安全隱患排查專項治理方案, 尤其是一通三防、防治水

10、、安全供電、瓦斯煤塵治理、小煤窯治理等重大安全隱患的排查治理必須制定專項治理方案, 明確工作目標(biāo)、職責(zé)、措施并嚴格落實。同時，不斷增強對薄弱環(huán)節(jié)的監(jiān)控力，逐步形成對薄弱地點、薄弱環(huán)節(jié)、薄弱時間的重點監(jiān)控, 及時發(fā)現(xiàn)和消除薄弱點。3. 狠抓安全文化建設(shè), 創(chuàng)造安全生產(chǎn)的軟環(huán)境。通過建立形象化的安全文化, 營造良好的安全生產(chǎn)氛圍,從思想、心理、意識的層面對職工進行潛移默化影響和管理。5 結(jié)束語堅持以人為本的管理思想,在提高職工個人的自主安全意識和技能的前提下,加大對物的投入和環(huán)境的創(chuàng)造,為安全創(chuàng)造良好的基礎(chǔ)和氛圍的同時反作用于人,使職工在自身需求和外界激勵約束下時刻保證自己的安全行為和狀態(tài)。只要每

11、一個職工都能時刻保證安全,企業(yè)的安全發(fā)展將順理成章。參考文獻1 李湖生,姜傳勝, 劉鐵民. 重大危機事件應(yīng)急關(guān)鍵科學(xué)問題及其研究進展 J. 中國安全生產(chǎn)科學(xué)技術(shù),2008, 4( 5)2劉鐵民. 危機型突發(fā)事件應(yīng)對與挑戰(zhàn). 中國安全生產(chǎn)科學(xué)技術(shù), 2010, 6( 1) 3鄧云峰,鄭雙忠, 劉鐵民. 突發(fā)災(zāi)害應(yīng)急能力評估及應(yīng)急特點 J. 中國安全生產(chǎn)科學(xué)技術(shù), 2005, 1( 5)4羅艾民,多英全, 魏利軍. 隱患治理及研究 J. 中國安全生產(chǎn)科學(xué)技術(shù), 2009, 5( 4)5劉鐵民.安全生產(chǎn)工作體系建設(shè) J. 中國安全生產(chǎn)科學(xué)技術(shù), 2008, 4( 5): 57Coalmine saf

12、ety management factors is discussedLI Jun( ShanxiCokingCoalCo., Ltd., Taiyuan030024, China)Abstract: This article through to the coal mine safety management of the elements of the analysis emphasizes the people-oriented safety management ideas, and aiming at the coal mine safety management exists so

13、me pitfalls, according to enterprise reality and other coal enterprise management experience, and interaction of safety management elements theory, put forward a man, based on the thingcover man, with environment impact personmanagement method and work method.Keywords: coalmine safety management; an

14、alysis of elements; people first0 IntroductionSafety is the eternal theme in coal enterprise. Coal mine safety production relates to worker life safety, social stability and healthy development of the coal industry. To realize the coal mine safety production is to implement the scientific concept of

15、 development necessary request, is the construction socialism harmonious societys important content. But in recent years the national happened a few up big coal mine safety accidents illustrate the coal mine safety production situation is still severe, the security problems existing in the managemen

16、t still very sharp. Therefore, it is necessary to seek a more scientific and efficient safety management method to solve the problems in production safety, ensure that the workers life safety and healthy and stable development of the enterprise.1. Concept briefly of the management of coal mine safet

17、y Coal mine safety management is to the coal mine safety production related elements and process planning, organization, coordination and control of a series of activities which guarantee a worker in production process of life safety, ensure the production work smoothly, protect national and collect

18、ive property do not suffer loss. Due to the coal mine production and management work everywhere are associated with safety, so safety management should be comprehensive, all of our employees and whole process, is the core of all management work in the coal mine.2. The management of coal mine safety

19、factor analysis Managements elements is refers to the indispensable part of management activities and process. Reference to the activities and processes of coal mine safety management, coal mine safety management elements include three elements: man, objects and environment. Man refers to the staffs

20、 ontology, consciousness and behavior; The things including two aspects, part of it is hardware such as engineering, equipment, materials and so on; the other part is software as technology, process, etc ; The environment also includes hardware and software environment in two aspects: the hardware e

21、nvironment refers to the equipment, technology of production, working environment; Software environment refers to the ideological and cultural atmosphere that is constituted by the security culture and publicity education. In these factors, man, content and environmental, man is the most active fact

22、or, the man is not only the main body of safety management, but also the object of safety management, and at the same time, the safety management of direct purpose - peoples safety. While the human security from a narrow angle can also be said that the safety accident bear - most of the production l

23、ine staff of life safety.3. Human-oriented safety management thoughtThe idea of human-oriented management is a modern management philosophy theme. The people-oriented management refers to any management should be a center with the person. To improve the persons quality, interpersonal relationships,

24、to meet the needs of the people, to arouse peoples initiative, enthusiasm, creative work ，meanwhile, be a prime concern. Therefore, in the coal mining enterprises to carry out safety management, we must adhere to the man as the fundamental, based on their own consciousness, quality, ability, through

25、 the foreign ministry and other management, through the external other management elements, content and environmental, effect on organization and control to realize safety production. From safety managements the most direct purpose - humans safety, safety management in the people-oriented management

26、 idea should be more inclined to the staff of production line.4. Human-oriented safety management method and concrete workTo research safety management ideas and methods should be based on the human-oriented management idea and man, objects, environment, this three factor interaction theory. Especia

27、lly, safety management of the workers on the production line should be carried out from the following three aspects.4.1 Human-orientedHuman-oriented should from improve worker safety consciousness and skills as well as to establish the effective supervision and restraint mechanism be studied, so tha

28、t employees ensure safe behavior in the internal and external constraints, so as to guarantee the security of the person.1. Employee security awareness is essential. The people-oriented safety management arouses the workers active management from employee psychological consciousness, emotion, person

29、ality, and other aspects. We should intensify the worker safety first safety publicity and education, through the media, publicity, education and other methods to improve the safety of staff on the importance and necessity of understanding. Company draw lessons from the recent coal mine safety accid

30、ents and in time carry out reflective study, infer other things from one fact, through accident lessons add to the workers again education.2. Improving workers skills is the foundation of quality. The company will continue to increase staff training and education, strengthen the training base constr

31、uction, adhere to the units own training as the basis, with the coal institutes cooperation, draw lessons from coal colleges construction experience, can also be learning platform to strengthen workers on the formal training.3. the workers have enough self safety awareness and business skills and ca

32、n the ability to spontaneously good performance the posts safety responsibility at the same time, the company also should establish corresponding incentive, constraint, management mechanism to staff insist this safety behavior, safety consciousness. First of all, the company should strengthen the im

33、plementation and evaluation of safety production responsibility system, aim at different types the development of safe production responsibility system, which make each job staff to clear the respective post safety responsibility, the staff sign form of safe production responsibility, in accordance

34、with the responsibility and the risk, performance-related salary system, performance appraisal. Secondly, from the Luan group company safety management experience, company will carry out the staff personal safety archives management, establish the staff personal safety behavior profile, training and

35、 education of workers, workers and family archives. The company through managing the three file, timely grasp the situation and thinking of dynamic employees, troubleshoot security weak characters, adopt different measures that made by all types of workers according to the different situation, so as

36、 to ensure worker safety behavior and safety thought. Finally, we will pay attention to the workers safety behavior incentive and restraint through the family members of workers, to improve worker safety production consciousness and initiative which lean on family happiness and family influence moti

37、vation.4.2 Based on the thingcover manThat in order to provide strong safeguard for workers safety should increase the management of safety investment, safety production integration，security, security technology of mechanical and electrical integration, also firm catch safe cost engineering, equipme

38、nt upgrade, technological innovation and so on.1. To promote completion the safety cost engineering. Safety cost project construction team through the bidding to determine, and project try to be organized by the high quality, high standard, high qualified team. The major persons-in-charge of the pro

39、ject should pay close attention to project construction organization and management, and actively coordinate and solve the construction problems appeared in the process, which ensure that each project according to the project schedule can be normal finished. The company should sign a responsibility

40、certificate with construction unit, strict process evaluation and the completion inspection and acceptance, and to ensure the projects production high quality, high standard. 2. Continue to increase the strength of equipment upgrade. We will focus on strengthening the prevention and control of a thr

41、ee proofing, water, gas control and security key aspects and equipment update and upgrade. The means and purpose which all-round import high-tech and modern equipment, and gradually by the technology and information as the leading factor aim to upgrade equipments.3. To speed up the introduction of t

42、echnology and innovative step implement safety technology integration management. We use technology, the information means to monitor and adjust people, goods, environment safety. Meanwhile, to keep maintain security in best state constantly optimize design, program, process. 4.3 Environmental influ

43、ence peopleActively explore ring control theory, from the production of hardware environment and thought culture software environment this two aspects researching, influence and control the workers safety behavior and create a good working environment and safety atmosphere at the same time.1. Ensure

44、 the quality, standardized construct and create the safe product hardware. Which highlight the people-oriented, strengthen based equipment, infrastructure and basic material of construction and ensure the quality standardized work the high standard operation and dynamic target make the safe producti

45、on keep in good condition at every time. Pays special attention to the site management is a foundation, pays special attention to the team construction is the key, the effective supervise mechanism is boost and implement militarization management is effective means.2. Vigorously promote traffic mana

46、gement of the great hidden trouble. Through managing a three proofing, prevention and control of water, safe power supply and major security hidden danger of small coal mines, safety coefficient of safety product will be constant improved. To make safety hidden trouble regularly special control sche

47、me, especially a three proofing, prevent and control water, safe power supply, manage gas and dust, small coal mines and other major security hidden dangers spent should formulate special control scheme, clear objectives, responsibilities and measures, and strictly implement. At the same time, and c

48、onstantly strengthen the force of weak link monitoring and gradually form key monitoring for its location, weak links, weak time, timely discover and eliminate weak point.3 .Vigorously promote the construction of safety culture, create the soft of environment safe production. Through establishing visualization safety