牛津上海版高二英語非謂語動詞之二自制超好用教師版

1、高二非謂語動詞專題二（本部分主要講分詞，包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞，讓學(xué)生通過例句來總結(jié)知識點，適合自主學(xué)習(xí)性比較強的學(xué)員）1.什么是非謂語動詞：在英語中，不作句子謂語，而具有除謂語外其他語法功能的動詞，叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞有動詞不定式（the Infinitive）；動名詞（the Gerund）；現(xiàn)在分詞（the Present Participle）；過去分詞（the Past Participle）。NO.1現(xiàn)在分詞1. 現(xiàn)在分詞既具有動詞的一些特征，又具有形容詞和副詞的句法功能。否定式：not + 現(xiàn)在分詞（1）現(xiàn)在分詞的主動語態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞主動語態(tài)的一般式表示與謂語動詞所表示的動作

2、同時發(fā)生，完成式表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，常作狀語。例如：They went to the park, singing and talking. 他們邊唱邊說向公園走去。Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作業(yè)，他開始打籃球。（2）現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài)：一般式表示與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的被動的動作，完成式表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前的被動的動作。The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被討論的問題很重要。Having been told many times, the

3、 naughty boy made the same mistake. 被告訴了好幾遍，這個淘氣的孩子又犯了同一個錯誤。2現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能：（1）作定語：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，當(dāng)分詞單獨做定語時，放在所修飾的名詞前；如果是分詞短語做定語放在名詞后。In the following years he worked even harder. 在后來的幾年中，他學(xué)習(xí)更努力了。The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.正與老師談話的那個人是我們班長的父親。注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語相當(dāng)于一個定語從句的句法功能，如：in the fol

4、lowing years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改為the man who is speaking to the teacher. （2）現(xiàn)在分詞作表語：The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在這家上演的電影很棒。The present situation is inspiring. 當(dāng)前的形勢鼓舞人心。注意：be + doing既可能表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，也可能是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語，它們的區(qū)別在于be + doing表示進(jìn)行的動作是進(jìn)行時，而

5、表示特征時是系動詞be與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。（3）作賓語補足語：如下動詞后可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如：Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎？He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他讓小汽車在門口等著。（4）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語：作時間狀語：(While) Working in the fa

6、ctory, he was an advanced worker. 在工廠工作時，他是一名先進(jìn)工人。作原因狀語：Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青團(tuán)員，他經(jīng)常幫助他人。作方式狀語，表示伴隨：He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。作條件狀語：(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩，你就會浪費寶貴的時間。作結(jié)果狀語：He dropped the glass, break

7、ing it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，結(jié)果摔得粉碎。作目的狀語：He went swimming the other day. 幾天前他去游泳了。作讓步狀語：Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 雖然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。與邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨立主格：I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard我等汽車時，一只鳥落到我頭上。All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已經(jīng)

8、賣光了，他們失望地離開了。Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises. 如果時間允許，我們將做另兩個練習(xí)。注意：有時也可用with (without) +名詞（代詞賓格）+分詞形式With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他點著燈睡著了。作獨立成分：udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 從外表看，他一定是個演員。Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般說來，女孩子更細(xì)心。動名詞

9、和現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別：動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別主要是：1. 如果ing形式在句中作表語，那么它可能是現(xiàn)在分詞，也可能是動名詞。區(qū)別方法是：動名詞作定語時，說明被修飾的名詞的用途（可以用"use for +動名詞"這個結(jié)構(gòu)代替），它和所修飾的名詞在邏輯上沒有主謂關(guān)系，可以與主語交換位置；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時，表示它所修飾的名詞的行為，和它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系，不能與主語交換位置，（可以擴展為定語從句）。E.g.: a sleeping car=a car used for sleeping 一節(jié)臥車車廂 （sleeping此處為動名詞a sleeping child=a ch

10、ild who is sleeping 一個睡著的孩子 （sleeping此處為現(xiàn)在分詞2. 動名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)： 可以和名詞一樣有冠詞或this、some等修飾； E.g.: A knocking at the door was heard 可以和名詞一樣有所有格、復(fù)數(shù)形式； E.g.: He enjoys reading for readings sake, not for scholarship. He is so busy that I cant keep track of all his comings and goings. 可以帶有所有格已表明動作者。 E.g.: Please

11、 excuse my coming late.3. “動名詞+名詞”和“現(xiàn)在分詞+名詞”的讀音不同，前者的重音在“動名詞”上（a sleeping suit），而后者的重音在“名詞”上（a sleeping child）。4. 動名詞用法的特殊情況 No+動名詞用于簡短的禁令或禁律 E.g.: No smoking. There is no+-ing（是不可能的）= It is impossible to = No one can (or We cannot )E.g.: There is no telling when lasting peace will come. (誰也不知道永久的和平

12、何時到來) Never (or not) without + -ing （每次都）= wheneverE.g.: He never comes without bringing some present. It goes without saying that （是不用說的）= It is needless to say thatE.g.: It goes without saying that no animal can live without breathing. Do+動名詞（做需要若干時間或一再重復(fù)的事情）動名詞之前都有the、所有格或some/a little/ much/ a l

13、ot of 之類的形容詞。E.g.: Do you do much fishing? On (or upon) +-ing （當(dāng)，一就）=when (or as soon as) +S. + V. Of ones own = -ing （自己的）=-ed by oneselfE.g.: He showed me a picture of his own painting. Make a point of ing （必定，重視）= make it a point to E.g.: He makes a point of calling on me on New Years Day. Be on

14、(or upon) the point of ing （正要）= be just about to 5. 如果ing形式在句中充當(dāng)狀語和補語，那么它一定是現(xiàn)在分詞。如果ing形式在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、同位語，那么它一定是動名詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞形式上相同，但語法作用不同。現(xiàn)在分詞起形容詞作用，作定語、賓語補足語、表語和狀語；而動名詞起名詞作用，作主語、賓語、定語和表語?，F(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞作定語的判斷(1)v-ing 同它所修飾的名詞之間沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，不表示名詞本身的動作、行為，通常表示被修飾名詞的用途時，v-ing為動名詞：如：a swimming pool一個游泳池； 

15、60;  a walking stick一根拐棍(2) v-ing 同它修飾的名詞之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示名詞本身的動作、行為時，v-ing 為現(xiàn)在分詞。單個現(xiàn)在分詞作前置定語，現(xiàn)在分詞短語則作后置定語。如：The boy sitting  0n the sofa is a classmate of mine.沙發(fā)上坐著的那個男孩是我的一個同學(xué)。a speaking boy = a boy who is speaking一個說話的男孩；現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞在復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的判斷(1)在“名詞所有格或物主代詞+v-ing”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，v-ing 的(邏輯)主

16、語為名詞的所有格或物主代詞，此時為動名詞。如：Do you mind Jack's playing with your son here?你介意杰克和你兒子在這里玩嗎？Do you mind my smoking here?你介意我在這里抽煙嗎？(2)在“名詞或人稱代詞賓格+v-ing”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，v-ing 的邏輯主語為名詞或代詞的賓格時，它一般被判斷為現(xiàn)在分詞。如：I can hear students reading English on the campus every morning每天早晨我經(jīng)常能夠聽到學(xué)生們在校園里讀英語。I saw them shaking hands

17、 warmly when I got off the train當(dāng)我下了火車后，我見到他們親切地握手。v-ing 作表語，是現(xiàn)在分詞還是動名詞的判斷1)在“主語+系動詞+ v-ing”結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果表語與主語是處于同等的位置，即主語與表語可以互換位置而意思不變時，v-ing 為動名詞。如：Her job is looking after the children = Looking after the children is her job她的工作是看小孩兒。(2)當(dāng)主語表示某人、某事物或各種各樣的情況，而表語又是補充說明主語的特征，其前可以加上very，quite等詞來修飾時，v-ing為現(xiàn)在

18、分詞。如：What he said is very (quite) inspiring他所說的話很鼓舞人。The music is very exciting. 音樂很令人興奮。(3)在“主語+系動詞(如：look，become，get，feel，keep，seem，sound，remain，etc)+ v-ing”結(jié)構(gòu)中，v-ing 為現(xiàn)在分詞。如：The story sounds moving. 這個故事聽起來很動人。簡單地說：     現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞，形態(tài)上完全相同，都是動詞以ing結(jié)尾，但兩者有一個最本質(zhì)的區(qū)別，那就是現(xiàn)在分詞是形容詞

19、，而動名詞是名詞，因此在一個句子中，凡是可以放形容詞的地方，都可以放現(xiàn)在分詞，凡是可以放名詞的地方，都可以放動名詞，你只要記住這一點就可以了。NO.2過去分詞1. 形式： 動詞的過去分詞只有一種形式，絕大部分的過去分詞由動詞原形加-ed構(gòu)成，也有一些過去分詞是不規(guī)則的。2. 動詞的過去分詞的否定形式 動詞過去分詞否定形式是由not或never加過去分詞構(gòu)成。 Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允許他進(jìn)去，他只好在外面等著。 Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 從未被邀

20、請過去他的聚會，她很生氣。3. 動詞的過去分詞的特征動詞的過去分詞有被動的意思，有時也可表示完成的動作。動詞的過去分詞表示完成被動的動作過去分詞帶有完成的意義，有的同時也帶有被動的意義。Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. 由于在農(nóng)村出生并長大，他對生物很感興趣。One of the glasses was found broken. 有人發(fā)現(xiàn)其中一個杯子破了。The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.

21、 魯迅寫的這些書，受到了許多中國人的喜愛。及物動詞的過去分詞一般表示被動的意思Given more time, I could have solved that riddle. 要是有充足的時間，我就能猜出那個謎語。（句子的主語I 和動詞give之間是被動關(guān)系。）When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood. 你說英語的時候，一定要讓人懂得你的意思。（動詞make的賓語yourself和賓語補足語understand之間是被動關(guān)系。）The experience gained in the army was of gre

22、at value to our study. 在軍隊獲得的經(jīng)驗對我們的學(xué)習(xí)很有幫助。 不及物動詞的過去分詞只表示完成的意思，并不帶有被動的含義 an escaped prisoner 逃犯 （= a prisoner who has escaped） a retired worker 退休工人 （= a worker who has retired） a newly arrived guest 新來的客人 （= a guest who has just arrived）We should bring in advanced technology from developed countries

23、 from time to time.我們應(yīng)該不時地從發(fā)達(dá)國家引進(jìn)先進(jìn)技術(shù)。People should pay attention to the changed situation. 人們應(yīng)該注意到變化了的形勢。常見的如：Fallen leaves faded flowers the risen sun departed friends returned students專題過關(guān)1. The repairs cost a lot ,but its money well . A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending2. The disc, d

24、igitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded3. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining company, _as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be knownKeys：BAB過去分詞的句法功能1. 作表語：The city is surrounde

25、d on three sides by mountains. 這座城市三面環(huán)山。 注意：過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：過去分詞作表語，主要是表示主語的狀態(tài)，而被動語態(tài)則表示動作。 1）The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（是被動語態(tài)，表示動作） 2）The library is now closed. 圖書館關(guān)門了。（過去分詞作表語） 注意：過去分詞表示被動或完成，V-ing 形式表示主動或進(jìn)行.有些動詞，如：interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten等通常用其過去

26、分詞形式來修飾人，用 -ing 形式來修飾物.。 3）The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 這本書很有趣，我對它很感興趣。 2. 作定語：作定語的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞或者被動的定語從句,其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的名詞.及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，既表被動又表完成；不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，只表完成。 1）過去分詞用作定語，如果是單個的，常置于其所修飾的名詞之前。 We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.我們必須使我們的思想適應(yīng)改變了的情況。 2）過去分詞短語用作

27、定語時，一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后，其意義相當(dāng)于一個定語從句,但較從句簡潔，多用于書面語中。 The concert given by their friends was a success.他們朋友舉行的音樂會大為成功。 3）過去分詞短語有時也可用作非限制性定語，前后常有逗號。 The meeting, attended by over five thousand people,welcomed the great hero. 他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會，到會的有五千多人。 4）用來修飾人的過去分詞有時可以轉(zhuǎn)移到修飾非人的事物，這種過去分詞在形式上雖不直接修飾人，但它所修飾的事物仍與人直接有關(guān)

28、。 The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩帶著滿意的表情舉目而視。3. 作狀語：3. 1 過去分詞作狀語表示被動的和完成的動作。 1）Written in a hurry,this article was not so good! 因為寫得匆忙，這篇文章不是很好。 注意：written 為過去分詞作狀語，表示這篇文章是被寫的，而且已經(jīng)被寫. 值得注意的是，有些過去分詞因來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu),作狀語時不表被動而表主動.這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有： lost （迷路）; seated （坐）; hidden （躲）; stationed （駐扎）

29、; lost / absorbed in （沉溺于）; born （出身于）; dressed in （穿著）; tired of （厭煩）。 3. 2 過去分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語為主句的主語，此時應(yīng)注意人稱一致； 1）Given another hour, I can also work out this problem. 再給我一個小時，我也能解這道題.（given 為過去分詞作狀語，它的邏輯主語為主句主語 I，即 I 被再給一個小時。） 2）Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us. 從山頂看城市

30、，城市顯得更漂亮。（seen 為過去分詞作狀語，表"被看",由語境可知，它的邏輯主語必須是城市，而不是"我們",因為"我們"應(yīng)主動看城市。） 注意：如果過去分詞作狀語時，前面再加邏輯主語，主句的主語就不再是分詞的邏輯主語，這種帶邏輯主語的過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)實際上屬于獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 1）The signal given, the bus started. 信號一發(fā)出，汽車就開動了。（the signal 是 given 的邏輯主語，因此主句主語 the bus 就不是given 的邏輯主語。 2）Her head held high, she

31、 went by. 她把頭昂得高高地從這兒走了過去。（her head 是 held high 的邏輯主語，因此主句主語 she 就不再是held high 的邏輯主語。） 3.3 過去分詞作狀語來源于狀語從句. 1）Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因為淋了一場大雨，所以他全身濕透了。 （caught in a heavy rain 為過去分詞短語作原因狀語，它來源于原因狀語從句Because he was caught in a heavy rain.） 2）Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fa

32、st. 如果種在肥沃的土壤里，這些種子能長得很快。（ grown in rich soil 為過去分詞作條件狀語,它來源于條件狀語從句If these seeds are grown in rich soil. 注意：狀語從句改成過去分詞作狀語時有時還可保留連詞，構(gòu)成"連詞過去分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。 When given a medical examination,you should keep calm. 當(dāng)你做體格檢查時要保持鎮(zhèn)定。 3.4 過去分詞作狀語的位置.過去分詞可放在主句前作句首狀語，后面有逗號與主句隔開；也可放在主句后面，前面有逗號與主句隔開。 He stood

33、 there silently, moved to tears. Moved to tears, he stood there silently.他靜靜地站在那里，被感動得熱淚盈眶。 4. 作賓語補足語：（一）能夠接過去分詞作賓補的動詞有以下四類： 4.1表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動詞.如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。 1）I heard the song sung in English. 我聽到有人用英語唱過這首歌。（過去分詞sung的動作顯然先于謂語動作heard;）2）He found

34、his hometown greatly changed. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大。（過去分詞changed的動作顯然先于謂語動作found） 4.2表示“致使”意義的動詞。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。 1）I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理發(fā)。 2）He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。 3）Don't leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。 4.3表示思維活動的動詞如consider， know， think等

35、后。如： 1）I consider the matter settled. 我認(rèn)為這件事解決了。 2）I thought myself wronged somehow in the bargain. 我認(rèn)為自己在這場交易中有受愚弄了。 4.4表示愛憎,意愿的動詞如want， wish， like， hate等后。如： 1）I wanted two tickets reserved. 我要預(yù)定兩張機票。 2）He didnt wish it mentioned. 他不愿這事被提起。 注意：過去分詞所表示的動作一定和賓語有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。 （二）使役動詞have接過去分詞作賓補有兩種情況。 1過

36、去分詞所表示的動作由他人完成。 He had his money stolen.他的錢給偷了。（被別人偷去了） 2 過去分詞所表示的動作由句中的主語所經(jīng)歷.如： He had his leg broken.他的腿斷了。 （自己的經(jīng)歷）專題過關(guān)1. As we joined the big crowd, I got _from my friends.A. separatedB. sparedC. lostD. missed2. I dont know the restaurant，but it is _ to be quite a good one.A. saidB. toldC. spoken

37、 D. talked 3. The young man seems to be _in law A. interesting B. interested C. interest D.being interested4. Have you read the news in today's newspaper？This news sounds _. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage 5. -Shall we go swimming ? -OK. Ill just go and get _.A. changed

38、 B. to change C. to be changed D. Changing6._ into use in April 2019, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put7._ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D.

39、Having dressed8. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing9. When _help, one often says “Thank you.” or “Its kind of you.”A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered10. The managers discussed the pla

40、n that they would like to see _the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry youKeys:1-5. AABDB 6-10. AABAC 達(dá)標(biāo)檢測一、單選1. _ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decides to spend another two days on the farm.A. AttractingB. Having attractedC. To be attracted D. Attracte

41、d2. They are going to have the service man _ an electric fan in the office tomorrow. A. fix B. to fix C. to be fixed D. fixed3. You will see this product _ wherever you go. A. to be advertised B. advertised C. advertise D. advertising4._the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks. A.

42、Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed5. Our self-respect increased when _by others. A. feeling accepted B. accepted C. we feel accepted D. accepting6. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912.A. first played B. to be first pl

43、ayed C. first playing D. to be first playing7. Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel.A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored C. tired, bored D. tiring, boring 8. She felt rather _that she should drive the car at such a_ speed. A. frightening, frightening B. frightened, frightened C. fright

44、ening, frightened D. frightened, frightening9. Cleaning women in big cities get _ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay10. Did you attend the meeting _yesterday?A. to be held B. having been held C. held D. being held11. Do you know the name of the play_ in the hall now?A. to be put on B. b

45、eing put on C. put on D. putting on 12. I borrowed a book _ by Mark Twain from the library last week. I like it very much. A. written B. writing C. was written D. to write13. The rooms are _, so you cant move in.A. painted B. painting C. being painted D. to be painted14. As soon as he entered the ci

46、ty, he _. A. was losing B. got losing C. grew lost D. got lost 15. What he has done is really _.Now his parents are _ him. A. disappointing; disappointed at B. disappointing; disappointed about C. disappointing; disappointed with D. disappointed; disappointing by 16. The murderer was brought in , wi

47、th his hands _ behinds his back . A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied17. _ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received18. _ better attention, the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in

48、 the sky and _ them light. A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; giving19. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose20. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. Whe

49、n comparingC. Comparing D. When compared2、 語法填空1. The students, _ (surprise)at the way the questions were put, didn't know the answers to them. 2.Prices of daily goods _(buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices. 3. He wasnt asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, _ _ (con

50、sidere) insufficiently popular with all members. 4._(separate) from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. 5. Dont spend time beating on a wall, _(hope) to change it into a door.6.Dont let the sadness of your past an

51、d the fear of your future _( ruin) the happiness of your present. 7. Always remember to get every bit of criticism _ ( sandwich) between two thick layers of praise. 8.To avoid _ (lay) off, you should be prepared to state how your contributions will benefit the company. 9. The latest research _ (unde

52、rtake) shows that micro blog is the most popular social networking tool among Chinese netizens. 10._ (set) our life goals will guide us to a bright future, without which we may waste our lifetime. 11. The government will come up with more volunteer projects just _ ( promote) the volunteer industry. 12. _ (make) several important decisions based on emotion instead of reason, he felt bitterly regretted. Keys: 一. 1. DABCC 6. AADCC 11. BACDC 16. DCDCD 二. 1. surprised; bought; considered; Having been separated; hoping; ruin; 7. sandwiched; being laid; undertaken; Setting; to promote;