八年級(jí)英語下學(xué)期Unit 3 學(xué)案1人教版

1、 人教版英語八年級(jí)下學(xué)期unit 3 學(xué)案1unit 3 what were you doing when the ufo arrived ?單元教學(xué)資料總匯內(nèi)容提要 含6大部分：本單元教學(xué)目標(biāo)、知識(shí)背景、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)分析、詞匯講解、時(shí)態(tài)等語法突破、語言點(diǎn)19個(gè)的講解。資料貫穿整個(gè)單元，方便教師備課、學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)、復(fù)習(xí)。一. 本單元教學(xué)內(nèi)容：hello , boys and girls . how's everything going ? in this unit , we will learn to talk about past events and to tell a story .（一

2、）語言目標(biāo)（language goals）1. talk about past events . 談?wù)撨^去發(fā)生的事件。2. tell a story . 講述故事。（二）語言結(jié)構(gòu)（structures）1. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)： “was / were + doing”結(jié)構(gòu)questions and statements with past progressive .2. adverbial clauses with when and while .以when、while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句3. 復(fù)習(xí)一般過去時(shí)（past tense）（三）目標(biāo)語言（target language）1. what we

3、re you doing when the ufo arrived ? i was sitting in the barber's chair .   當(dāng)ufo到達(dá)的時(shí)候，你正在做什么？我正坐在理發(fā)店的椅子上。2. the barber was cutting my hair when they arrived .3. while he was buying souvenirs , a girl called the police .4. the girl was shopping when the alien got out .5. while the girl

4、was shopping , the alien got out .6. how about you ? i was doing my homework .7. you're kidding .（四）詞匯（vocabulary）1. 部分動(dòng)詞的過去式took off（起飛、脫下）  arrived（到達(dá)）  landed（著陸）got out（下車、下來）   shouted（喊叫）  climbed（爬）happened（發(fā)生）        ran away（逃跑

5、）2. 部分動(dòng)詞的-ing形式cutting    cooking    eating     getting out    goingmaking     shouting   sleeping   standing       studyingtaking    

6、talking    climbing   buying         coming3. when、while 當(dāng)時(shí)候4. bathroom（浴室）   barber's（理發(fā)店）   barber shop 理發(fā)店   shower（淋?。?#160;  police officer（警官）5. another（另一個(gè)）  jump down（跳下來）&#

7、160;  go up（向上去）    in front of（在前面）（五）重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)分析1. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示在過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。構(gòu)成：was / were + 現(xiàn)在分詞（其中was是am、is的過去式，were是are的過去式）eg. 1) i was doing my homework then . 那時(shí)，我正在做作業(yè)。    2) he was cooking in the kitchen at 12 o'clock yesterday .昨天12點(diǎn)，他正在廚房燒飯。用法：1）過去進(jìn)行

8、時(shí)表現(xiàn)過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。eg. she was writing a letter when i came in .我進(jìn)來時(shí)，她正在寫封信。2）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)還表示過去某階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。eg. they were waiting for you yesterday .他們昨天一直在等你。2. 現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成1）一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-ing，讀i，如gogoing。2）以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉e，再加-ing。   comecoming     makemaking    writewritin

9、g3）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，如果末尾以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾，應(yīng)先雙寫這個(gè)字母，再加ing，x和w結(jié)尾的除外。   如getgetting   swimswimming  showshowing4）以字母y結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加ing。 如carrying、playing、studying。5）以字母ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變ie為y，再加ing。   diedying   lielying6）以元音字母加e結(jié)尾，或以e結(jié)尾，且e發(fā)音的動(dòng)詞，直接加-ing 。   seeseeing  be

10、being3. 使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)1）一些動(dòng)詞，如see、hear、love、like、know、remember；understand、have等表示感情、知覺和狀態(tài)的詞，一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。2）在there和here引起的句子中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。   eg. here comes the bus .       there goes the bell .4. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別1）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而一般過去時(shí)則表示一個(gè)完整的動(dòng)作。如：   the

11、y were writing letters to their friends last night .昨晚他們在寫信給他們的朋友。（沒有說明信是否寫完）   they wrote letters to their friends last night .他們昨晚寫了信給他們的朋友。（表達(dá)了他們已寫好的意思，整個(gè)寫的過程已完成。）2）當(dāng)動(dòng)作延續(xù)較長時(shí)間時(shí)或表示厭煩、贊美等感情色彩時(shí)，常用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示。如：   he was thinking more of others than of himself .他考慮別人的比考慮自己的多。（表示說話者贊揚(yáng)的口

12、氣）   the boy was always making trouble then .那時(shí)，他總是惹麻煩。（表示說話者厭煩的口氣）5. 以when和while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句1）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞指動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)一段時(shí)間，而不是瞬間結(jié)束。如：work、study、drink、eat等。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞指動(dòng)作極為短暫，瞬間結(jié)束。如：start、begin、hit、jump、knock等。2）在本單元中，出現(xiàn)了以when和while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。<1> when表示“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”。從句中既可用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，又可用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，這些動(dòng)詞既可以表示動(dòng)作

13、，又可表示狀態(tài)。從句中的動(dòng)作既可和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，又可在主句的動(dòng)作之前或之后發(fā)生。如：mary was having dinner when i saw her .the boy was still sleeping when his mother got home yesterday morning .<1> while表示“在的時(shí)候”、“在期間”。它強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作與從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作過程中。while從句中必須是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：the weather was fine while we were in beijing .she c

14、alled while i was out .如果主句的動(dòng)作在從句的動(dòng)作過程中發(fā)生，從句常用進(jìn)行時(shí)。如。while we were swimming someone stole our clothes .don't talk so loud while others are working .總結(jié)：<1> when可指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，又可指時(shí)間段，從句中可用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。<2> while總是指一個(gè)時(shí)間段，從句中必須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。6. in this unit , we'll learn how to tell a story . let

15、9;s take section b 3a as an example .1）listen to this story 聽這個(gè)故事linda jacobs loves her dog davy . they went to new york city last saturday . while linda was buying a newspaper at the train station , the dog got out of his box and ran away . the station was crowded and linda couldn't see davy an

16、ywhere . when linda shouted his name , some people looked at her but davy didn't come . then she called the police . while she was talking on the telephone , davy met another dog outside the station . while the police were coming , linda walked around the station and called davy's name . she

17、 didn't think about looking outside the station . finally , a little boy said to her , “did you look outside ? i saw a big black dog when i came in .” when linda finally saw davy , he was jumping and running with another dog . there was a police officer next to them . the police officer said to

18、linda , “i think my dog found your dog .”注意事項(xiàng)：a. 交代清楚故事發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)及人物。人物：linda and her dog davy ; a police officer and his dog ; a boy地點(diǎn)：at the train station時(shí)間：last saturdayb. 正確運(yùn)用時(shí)態(tài)linda loves her dog davy .在這句話中，表明了一種持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。they went to new york city last saturday .在這句話中，講的是發(fā)生在上周六的事情，因此，時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去

19、時(shí)。一個(gè)故事中，時(shí)態(tài)的變化不應(yīng)太大，如果故事發(fā)生在過去，一般都用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。又如：when linda finally saw davy , he was jumping and running with another dog .在這句中，用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。c. 注意運(yùn)用一些順序詞，如first , then , next , finally , at the same time（與此同時(shí)）, after that（從那以后）恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用這些連接詞，能夠使文章流暢，通順，增色不少。ex : p22 section b 4ait's an open ending writing . 即開

20、放式結(jié)尾的故事。注意上面提示的幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)，看圖作文，并給出結(jié)尾。7. ufo：unidentified flying object 不明飛行物1947年6月24日，一名叫做阿諾德的美國商人，架著一架小型飛機(jī)在華盛頓州上空，發(fā)現(xiàn)一組巨型不明飛行物以1000公里左右的速度，同他一起在空中翱翔。阿諾德的有關(guān)目擊報(bào)告第一次引起公眾的興趣，從此“飛碟”或ufo便迅速流傳開來。8. the boy was walking down the street when a ufo landed .當(dāng)一個(gè)ufo著陸的時(shí)候，那個(gè)男孩正在街上走。   land n. 陸地，地面 

21、60;      v. 登陸，降落9. at around ten o'clock in the morning .在上午，在早晨 in the morning在下午 in the afternoon在晚上 in the evening在十點(diǎn)鐘左右 at around ten o'clock在正午 at noon在晚上 at night*請注意介詞的不同10. take off（1）脫下 eg. please take off your coat . it's warm in the room .請脫下大衣，屋子里面很暖

22、和。（2）起飛 eg. the girl was eating the icecream when the ufo took off .當(dāng)ufo起飛的時(shí)候，那個(gè)女孩正在吃冰激淋。 11. talk on the phone 通過電話談話注意：這里要用介詞on12. get out of the shower 洗完澡出來get out of the ufo 從ufo中出來get out 出來13. i was walking down the street when a ufo landed right in front of me .當(dāng)一個(gè)ufo恰好落在我面前的時(shí)候，我正在街上走。right在這里是副詞，“恰好”“正好”的意