解讀閱讀表達題

1、解讀閱讀表達題解讀閱讀表達題 河西教育中心河西教育中心張佩珍張佩珍一、形式與要求一、形式與要求 本節(jié)提供一篇本節(jié)提供一篇 300 詞左右的短文，文后設置詞左右的短文，文后設置5個問題，每個問題，每題題2分。要求考生在閱讀理解短文內容的基礎上，按照題目要分。要求考生在閱讀理解短文內容的基礎上，按照題目要求用英語回答問題，完成任務。問題范圍可涵蓋：求用英語回答問題，完成任務。問題范圍可涵蓋：1. 理解、獲取具體信息；理解、獲取具體信息；2. 根據上下文內容解釋生詞、短語等詞義或識別指代關系；根據上下文內容解釋生詞、短語等詞義或識別指代關系；3. 概括段落要義或文章主旨；概括段落要義或文章主旨；4.

2、 對文章情節(jié)、內容等作出簡單的判斷推理；對文章情節(jié)、內容等作出簡單的判斷推理；5. 闡述作者觀點、態(tài)度或寫作意圖；闡述作者觀點、態(tài)度或寫作意圖；6. 陳述個人觀點、態(tài)度等；陳述個人觀點、態(tài)度等； 必要時可根據命題要求或文章題材、體裁等要求對問題范圍必要時可根據命題要求或文章題材、體裁等要求對問題范圍進行限制或擴展。進行限制或擴展。二、試題特點二、試題特點 I.主旨概括：概括短文中某一段落的大意或標主旨概括：概括短文中某一段落的大意或標 題，或指出作者的寫作意圖。題，或指出作者的寫作意圖。II.回答問題：回答問題： 1）封閉型問題：結合文中的具體信息進行）封閉型問題：結合文中的具體信息進行回答。

3、要求既有對所提供文章中關鍵信息的回答。要求既有對所提供文章中關鍵信息的正確判斷和采集；又有對原文細節(jié)信息的正正確判斷和采集；又有對原文細節(jié)信息的正確理解；考查的點既有細節(jié)題，也有推斷題，確理解；考查的點既有細節(jié)題，也有推斷題，甚至還有要考生進行總結歸納的題。甚至還有要考生進行總結歸納的題。 2）開放型問題：結合個人的觀點態(tài)度進行）開放型問題：結合個人的觀點態(tài)度進行 表述。表述。III.詞語釋義：正確地使用英語解釋英語。詞語釋義：正確地使用英語解釋英語。三、例題分析三、例題分析例例1：2009考試說明考試說明閱讀表達樣題閱讀表達樣題1. According to the passage, how

4、 are inventors different from other people? (No more than 15 words) 考查概括事實細節(jié)并反映主旨要義?？疾楦爬ㄊ聦嵓毠?jié)并反映主旨要義。Inventors look for problems and try to solve them in a new and better way.為最為最佳答案。佳答案。2. Why did Cochrane decide to invent a dishwasher? (No more than 20 words) 考查理解捕捉具體信息?？疾槔斫獠蹲骄唧w信息。Because it took h

5、er too long to wash the dishes by hand and too many of them broke. 注意，此答案基本上為文章原文。注意，此答案基本上為文章原文。3. Please explain the underlined phrase “come up with” in English. (No more than 5 words) 考查根據上下文內容解釋生詞詞義，根據語境可以看出come up with這里的詞義為put forward/think of/find/offer/produce/provide etc. 4. According to th

6、e passage, what is the process of inventing? (No more than 15 words) 考查具體信息歸納。Try to find a problem first and then work out solutions to it.5. What statement from the passage inspires you to invent and why? (The reason should be answered within 20 words) 考查在理解文章主旨大義的基礎上陳述個人觀點、態(tài)考查在理解文章主旨大義的基礎上陳述個人觀點、

7、態(tài)度。度。 “Almost everyone can invent.” really inspires me. Because I would be more than happy to be an inventor to benefit the people all over the world. Or: Because I could satisfy my curiosity in the process of inventing new things. Or: Because I would enjoy the pleasure that invention brings me. 200

8、9年天津卷閱讀表達題的評分標準：年天津卷閱讀表達題的評分標準：1.共共5小題，每題滿分小題，每題滿分2分。分。2.答題符合所問，意思全對，每題答題符合所問，意思全對，每題2分。分。 意思半對，意思半對，1分。分。 有明顯語言使用、語法錯誤，扣有明顯語言使用、語法錯誤，扣0.5分。分。 詞數超出規(guī)定詞數超出規(guī)定3個，扣個，扣0.5分。分。 拼寫有拼寫有3個錯誤及以上，扣個錯誤及以上，扣0.5分。分。3.每小題得分共有每小題得分共有4檔檔: 0分，分，1分，分，1.5分，分，2 分分2009英語卷閱讀表達考試內容與全市考生得分率英語卷閱讀表達考試內容與全市考生得分率 題號題號 考考 核核 點點 得

9、分率得分率 56 語篇銜接手段與表達連貫的知識 0.70 57 查找短文中的信息和轉述信息 0.43 58 查找短文中的信息和轉述信息 0.65 59 查找短文中的信息和轉述信息 0.58 60 表達個人看法、態(tài)度和陳述其理由 0.64 平均 0.60例例2：2009年天津高考閱讀表達題年天津高考閱讀表達題56. The underlined words “chrome-plate contraptions” in Paragraph 1 refer to _.（No more than 3 words） (難度：難度：0.70)【答案【答案】 shopping carts/wheeled b

10、askets/ baskets on wheels/ carts for shopping(2分分) many shopping cart/ a shopping carts/ shopping cart (1.5分分) cart/ carts/ easy-to-handle basket (1分分) shopping (0分分) 閱讀理解要關注漢語注釋，可能是考點。閱讀理解要關注漢語注釋，可能是考點。57. What was the purpose of Goldmans invention? （No more than 10 words） (難度：難度：0.42) 【答案】It was t

11、o make shopping easier and attract more business. It would makeand(and為界前后各1分) to必須有，否則扣0.5分問答形式的題目，在字數允許的范圍內，盡問答形式的題目，在字數允許的范圍內，盡量寫完整的句子。量寫完整的句子。58. Why was Goldman disappointed at first? （No more than 10 words） (難度：難度：0.64)【答案【答案】Because few customers used his carts. 細節(jié)理解表達。細節(jié)理解表達。because 可有可無，含義中

12、有可有可無，含義中有“顧客不用車顧客不用車”既可以給分既可以給分,只寫只寫a long look (0分分) 需要注意閱讀當中的基本技巧：需要注意閱讀當中的基本技巧：but后為重點。后為重點。59. Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market? （No more than 10 words）(難度：難度：0.58)【答案【答案】 Because he wanted to promote his shopping carts. 細節(jié)推理表達題。由第七段第二句細節(jié)推理表達題。由第七段第二句persuade people t

13、o give them a try.可知。可知。 含義類似可給分含義類似可給分60. What do you think of Goldman? Please give your reasons. （No more than 20 words） (難度：難度：0.63)【答案】He was a smart businessman. He invented the shopping cart and made it accepted by customers.Or: He was smart but he shouldnt have used tricks to attract customer

14、s. 不限字數，回答貼切，有邏輯不跑題可給分 只表達了前一問題答案為1分需要注意該題是兩問，所以答案也應該包括兩需要注意該題是兩問，所以答案也應該包括兩個方面?zhèn)€方面 對對Glodman的評價和原因。的評價和原因。 學生暴露出的常見問題：學生暴露出的常見問題： 1.審題不清審題不清 2.理解偏差理解偏差 3.表達有誤表達有誤 (1)單詞拼寫有誤，大小寫混亂，造成詞不達義。 (2)無語法可言，組不成完整的句子。 (3)詞匯量有限，用詞不準確，表達不清。 (4)書寫較差，字跡潦草 ，難以辨認。 四、解題技巧四、解題技巧 (一一) 概括段落要義或文章主旨概括段落要義或文章主旨1. 所有字母都大寫：所有

15、字母都大寫： HOW TO DEAL WITH STRESS2. 實詞的第一個字母大寫：實詞的第一個字母大寫： How to Deal with Stress3. 標題的第一個單詞的首字母大寫：標題的第一個單詞的首字母大寫： How to deal with stress 如果是個疑問句，可以在題目后加問號，但如果是個疑問句，可以在題目后加問號，但如果是陳述句則不必加句號。如果是陳述句則不必加句號。例1：Each high school has its own policy. One good example is that some high schools require all stud

16、ents to wear uniforms, but others do not. I have been to both types of schools, and if I have to decide which one is better, I will pick the former.Q: What would be the best title for the passage? (No more than 10 words) A Wise Choice: To Wear School Uniforms 例2： How can we get happiness? We often t

17、ell ourselves that life will be better once we are married, have a baby, then Happiness is a voyage, not a destination. There is no better time to be happy than now? Live and enjoy the moment. Q：What is the best title for the passage? (No more than 10 words.) Happiness is a voyage, not a destination

18、 Or: Enjoy yourself now! 對對“主題主題”題的考查主要采用以下設問方式：題的考查主要采用以下設問方式： 1. What is the main idea of this passage? 2. What is discussed in this passage? 3. What does this passage mainly tell us? 4. Please give a summary of this passage 例3： Friendship is very pleasant and also essential to peoples life. A man

19、 without friends is an angel without wings, whose life will suffer in the long loneliness Understanding, love and tolerance are the first three essences that come to a true friendship. Other qualities are also concerned such as thoughtfulness, trust and patience. Remember, friendship is 試題： Whats th

20、e main idea of the passage? (No more than 20 words.)答案: The passage mainly tells us about the special qualities needed in friendship. Or: The passage mainly discusses the special qualities which are necessary for friendship. 例4： In Britain all children have to go to school between the age of 5 and 1

21、6. In the USA children must go to school from the age of 6 to between the ages of 14 and 16, depending on the state they live in. Q：Whats the passage mainly about? (No more than 10 words) 答案: Its about the examinations in Britain and the USA. 要提醒考生注意，回答要提醒考生注意，回答“主題主題”和回答和回答“標題標題”的方式小有不同?；卮鸬姆绞叫∮胁煌??；?/p>

22、答“主題主題”一般需要使用完一般需要使用完整的句子，而回答整的句子，而回答“標題標題”則主要使用短語。則主要使用短語。(二二)根據上下文內容解釋生詞、短語等詞義或識別指代關根據上下文內容解釋生詞、短語等詞義或識別指代關 系：系： 例例1： Make friendship a priority. Find the time to be with friends even if it means letting the lawn go unmowed or the dishes unwashed for a while, because a friendship is of vital impor

23、tance, demanding great consideration, attention and concern. When you cant get together, use the phone to keep in touch. Q：Please explain the underlined word “priority” in English. (No more than 15 words)答案：答案：It means something that is of vital importance / is very important / needs consideration /

24、needs attention and concern.例例2： Like fine food, good writing is something we approach with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last. And good writers, like good cooks, do not suddenly appear full-blown. Quite the contrary, just as the cook has to undergo an intensive training, mastering

25、the skills of his trade, the writer must sit at his desk and devote long hours to achieving a style in his writing, whatever its purpose schoolwork, matters of business, or purely social communication. You may be sure that the more painstaking the effort, the more effective the writing and the more

26、rewarding.試題：試題：What does the underlined word “painstaking” mean in English? (No more than 10 words)答案：答案：with a lot of care and effort 例例3：Expect a lot from your child, just not everything. Except for health and safety problems, such as drug use or careless driving, consider everything else open to

27、 discussion. If your child is unwilling to discuss something, dont insist he tell you whats on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely that hell clam up. Instead, let him attempt to solve things by himself. At the same time, remind him that youre always there for his should he seek advice or

28、help. Show respect for your teenagers privacy. 試題：試題：What does the underlined word “clam up” mean? (No more than 3 words) 答案：答案：refuse to talk 例例4：Parents should stop blaming themselves because theres not a lot they can do about it. I mean the teenager problem. Whatever you do or however you choose

29、to deal with it, at certain times a wonderful, reasonable and helpful child will turn into a terrible animal.試題：試題：What does the underlined word “it” refer to in this passage? (No more than 3 words)答案：答案：the teenager problem 例5： There are 20,000 buses and trolley buses in Beijing, but they can get v

30、ery crowded. 試題：試題： What does the underlined word “they” refer to? (No more than 4 words) 答案： buses and trolley buses 此類題目要求考生明確文章中的名詞和代詞之間的此類題目要求考生明確文章中的名詞和代詞之間的關系。一般來講，代詞應該指代離它最近的一個名關系。一般來講，代詞應該指代離它最近的一個名詞，而且就位置而言，代詞所指代的名詞通常應在詞，而且就位置而言，代詞所指代的名詞通常應在本句或上一個句子中本句或上一個句子中。 如何解釋詞語？如何解釋詞語？對名詞的解釋：對名詞的解釋：1用

31、同義詞或近義詞解釋：用同義詞或近義詞解釋： chance: opportunity2用用“名詞名詞+定語（從句）定語（從句）”解釋：解釋： psychologist: someone who studies the human mind對動詞的解釋：對動詞的解釋： 借助動詞不定式借助動詞不定式to do，用同義詞或短語解釋：，用同義詞或短語解釋： avoid: to stay away from something panic: to lose control because you are frightened對形容詞的解釋：對形容詞的解釋：1利用現在分詞（短語）或過去分詞（短語）解釋：利用

32、現在分詞（短語）或過去分詞（短語）解釋： beneficial: having a useful or good effect on somebody or something2用同義詞或近義詞解釋：用同義詞或近義詞解釋： talented: gifted3借助介詞短語，如用借助介詞短語，如用with或或without表示表示“有有”或或“沒有沒有”： hopeless: without hope careful: with care4利用定語從句解釋：利用定語從句解釋： useful: something that can help you對副詞的解釋：解釋副詞時，一般可以使用能在句子中作狀

33、語對副詞的解釋：解釋副詞時，一般可以使用能在句子中作狀語的介詞短語。的介詞短語。 eventually: after a long time fortunately: luckily 如何在語境中猜測詞義？如何在語境中猜測詞義？首先要看這個生詞在句子中的作用是什么？首先要看這個生詞在句子中的作用是什么？ 例如：例如： “Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently. ” 在復述中構成同位關系的兩部分之間多用逗號連在復述中構成同位關系的兩部

34、分之間多用逗號連接，有時也使用破折號，冒號，分號，引號，和接，有時也使用破折號，冒號，分號，引號，和括號等。括號等。 其次要看詞與詞、句與句之間的關系如何？其次要看詞與詞、句與句之間的關系如何？同義或重述關系。前后兩部分或兩句話是相近同義或重述關系。前后兩部分或兩句話是相近的描述。有關的連接詞：的描述。有關的連接詞：and, similarly，that is，equally, consequently，for example，in the same way，for instance，it would be better to say等。等。 例如：例如：They seem to have p

35、roblems with directionality. In other words, they got lost. It will be very hard but also very brittle that is , it will break easily. 對照或對比關系。通過轉折連接詞或表示對比的連接對照或對比關系。通過轉折連接詞或表示對比的連接詞使前后兩部分形成對照。其中連接詞有：詞使前后兩部分形成對照。其中連接詞有：or, but，however，on the contrary，in spite of，whereas，on the other hand，yet，while，n

36、or，though 例如：例如： Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest. Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits. 因果關系。通過原因來說明結果或反之。連詞因果關系。通過原因來說明結果或反之。連詞有：有：so，therefore，h

37、ence 等。如：等。如： The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimeters high. “Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.”定義：有些句子就是對名詞的解釋說明定義：有些句子就是對名詞的解釋說明。 例如： A calendar is a list of the days, weeks, months of a pa

38、rticular year. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. Decision- thinking is not unlike poker This card game has often been of considerable interest to people. 定義或釋義關系常由定語從句或由定義或釋義關系常由定語從句或由is， or， that is (to say), in other words， be called，be known as, be defined as等詞匯或破折號來表示。等詞匯或破折號來表示。 (三三)

39、理解、獲取具體信息：理解、獲取具體信息： 例例1： Like fine food, good writing is something we approach with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last. And good writers, like good cooks, do not suddenly appear full-blown. Quite the contrary 試題：試題：What is good writing compared to in this passage and why? (No more

40、than 10 words) 答案：答案：Fine food. Because they are both enjoyable. 例2： Be punctual. Arriving on time is important to ones success. People always notice when you are late. It is an indicator of whether what you mean and what you say can be trusted. Create the habit of being punctual now and you wont ha

41、ve to worry.試題：According to the passage, why is being punctual important to ones success? (Please answer within 20 words.)答案：It is an indicator of whether what you mean and what you say can be trusted. 例例3： For many students, middle school graduation marks a big change in their lives. This is a step

42、 that takes students away from junior high school but towards the elementary level before senior high school. Compared to elementary school, middle school means more lessons and more classes, but of course, students can also see it as an opportunity to make new friends. 試題：試題：What does middle school

43、 mean to students compared to elementary school? (No more than 10 words.)答案：答案：More lessons, more classes and many new friends. 重要提醒：雖然在一般情況下我們可以用重要提醒：雖然在一般情況下我們可以用“簡答簡答”的方式回答的方式回答問問 題，但考試的目的顯然不只是考查對文章的理解，它還要考查考生題，但考試的目的顯然不只是考查對文章的理解，它還要考查考生的書面表達能力。因此，我們建議考生應盡可能用完整的句子回答。的書面表達能力。因此，我們建議考生應盡可能用完整的句子回答

44、。(四四)推理判斷和表達作者的意圖推理判斷和表達作者的意圖考查考查“闡述作者的寫作意圖闡述作者的寫作意圖”通常采用以下設問方式：通常采用以下設問方式：What does the author want to tell us in this passage?What is the main purpose of the text?What can we infer from ?回答此類問題時，一般需采用表示目的的狀語從句或不定式短回答此類問題時，一般需采用表示目的的狀語從句或不定式短語。語。如：如：The author wrote the passage in order to tell us

45、that The author introduces to the readers in this passage.The author wants to warn us thatThe author wrote the story in order to inspire us to The author wrote the story in order to entertain the readers. 另外，像另外，像to inform, to persuade, to sell a product, to attract more visitors/ customers等也可用來回答此類

46、問題。等也可用來回答此類問題。例如：59. Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market? （No more than 10 words）【答案】 Because he wanted to promote his shopping carts.【解析】本題考查考生在理解文章的基礎上進行簡單的推理判斷的能力以及準確組織語言的能力。例如： Its not easy being a teenager nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager. You can make your

47、 child feel angry, hurt, or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself. It is important to give your child 試題：What is the main purpose of the text? (No more than 10 words.)答案：To tell parents how to help a teenager grow up. (五五)陳述和表達自己的觀點陳述和表達自己的觀點What do you think of the writers opi

48、nion and why?What would you do if you were in such a situation? Why?Do you agree with what the writer says inthis passage? Why?How would you solve the problem if you were on the spot? Why?What do you think of ? Please give your reasons.例1：Maybe you are an average student. You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily so, however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Here is how. Plan your time carefully. Find a good place for