英語(yǔ)句子成分及練習(xí)課件 (2)

1、1語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)- 句子成分句子成分2一、句子成分一、句子成分v（一）句子成分的定義：（一）句子成分的定義：v構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)；次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)；次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。3句子成分句子成分意義意義充當(dāng)詞類充當(dāng)詞類例句例句主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)表示句子說(shuō)的是什么人或什么表示句子說(shuō)的是什么人或什么事事名，代，數(shù)，不定名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，短語(yǔ)或式，動(dòng)名詞，短語(yǔ)或句子句子We study in Hua

2、ngQiao Middle School.謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么，是什么或怎說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么，是什么或怎么樣么樣動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組She is dancing under the tree.賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象同主語(yǔ)同主語(yǔ)Both of us like English.表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)與聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂與聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征同主語(yǔ)同主語(yǔ)Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞形，代，數(shù)，名形，代，數(shù)，名,

3、副，介詞短語(yǔ)或句子副，介詞短語(yǔ)或句子We have eight lessons every day.狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞，表修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或句副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或句子子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)邏輯上與賓語(yǔ)是主謂關(guān)系邏輯上與賓語(yǔ)是主謂關(guān)系形容詞，名詞，介詞形容詞，名詞，介詞短語(yǔ)等短語(yǔ)等She always keeps the house clean.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)

4、輔助。賓主來(lái)自名代數(shù)，動(dòng)詞作謂不可無(wú)！主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。賓主來(lái)自名代數(shù)，動(dòng)詞作謂不可無(wú)！4二）主語(yǔ)：二）主語(yǔ)：v主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) (Subject)v是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如：語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如：51.During th

5、e 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. （名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）（名詞化的形容詞）67.Wh

6、en we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.（主語(yǔ)從句）（it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式）7（三）謂語(yǔ)（三）謂語(yǔ) v謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) (Predicate) 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：v1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如

7、： He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten oclock.v2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：）由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如： We are students.注意：注意：謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)在人稱與數(shù)方面要保持一致。謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)在人稱與數(shù)方面要保持一致。8（四）表語(yǔ)（四）表語(yǔ) v表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)(P

8、redicative)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)與身份，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如征、狀態(tài)與身份，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）等）之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、詞、 副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如：語(yǔ)及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如： 91.Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞）（名詞）2.Is it yours?（代詞）（代詞）3.The weather h

9、as turned cold.（形容詞）（形容詞）4.The speech is exciting.（分詞）（分詞）5.Three times seven is twenty one?（數(shù)詞）（數(shù)詞）106.His job is to teach English.（不定式）（不定式）7.His hobby is playing football.（動(dòng)名詞）（動(dòng)名詞）8.The meeting is of great importance.（介詞短語(yǔ)）（介詞短語(yǔ)）9.Time is up. The class is over.（副詞）（副詞）10.The truth is that he has

10、 never been abroad.（表語(yǔ)從句）（表語(yǔ)從句）11注意：系動(dòng)詞（注意：系動(dòng)詞（Linking verb)用于連接主語(yǔ)和用于連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。1）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)，只有用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，一詞，例如：例如： He is a teacher. 2）持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有或態(tài)度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：例如：He always kept silen

11、t at meeting. 3）表像系動(dòng)詞表像系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示用來(lái)表示“看起來(lái)像看起來(lái)像”這一概念，這一概念，主要有主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：例如：He seems (to be) very sad. 12注意：系動(dòng)詞（注意：系動(dòng)詞（Linking verb)用于連接主語(yǔ)和表用于連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。 4）感官系動(dòng)詞感官系動(dòng)詞主要有主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 5）變化系動(dòng)詞變化系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)

12、變成什么樣，主要有表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：例如：He became mad after that. 6）終止系動(dòng)詞終止系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作，主要有表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove, turn out, 表達(dá)表達(dá)證實(shí)證實(shí)，變成變成之意，之意，例如：例如：The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success. 13（五）賓語(yǔ)（五）賓語(yǔ) v賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)（Object）表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一）表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面

13、。例如：般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如： 1.They went to see an exhibition yesterday.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（名詞）（代詞、動(dòng)名詞）（名詞、數(shù)詞）144.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to p

14、opular music.7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.（名詞化形容詞，名詞）（不定式短語(yǔ)）（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)）（賓語(yǔ)從句）15v賓語(yǔ)種類賓語(yǔ)種類：v（1）雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)）雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)），例如：直接賓語(yǔ)），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等，例如：等，例如： He sent the novel to William yesterday.Fo

15、r: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等，例如：等，例如： She bought a gift for her mother.v（2）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)），例如：賓補(bǔ)），例如：vThey elected him their monitor.16v下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓語(yǔ)下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓語(yǔ) ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, o

16、ffer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等，如：等，如： He refused to lend me his bike.v下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ) admit, avoid, advise, consider, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise, suggest等，如：等，如： John has admitted breaking the window .v下列動(dòng)詞既可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，下列

17、動(dòng)詞既可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，但意義不同，如但意義不同，如stop, mean, try, remember, forget, regret等。等。17（六）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（六）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) v英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（外，還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（Object Complement），才能使句子的意義完整。），才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)詞（如詞（如make等等)+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）。賓補(bǔ)可由名賓補(bǔ)）。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短詞

18、、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如：語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如： 181.His father named him Dongming.2.They painted their boat white.3.Let the fresh air in.4.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.5.We saw her entering the room.6.We found everything in the lab in good order.7.We will soon make our city what your city is

19、 now.（名詞）（形容詞）（副詞）（不定式短語(yǔ)）（現(xiàn)在分詞）（介詞短語(yǔ)）（從句）19（七）定語(yǔ)（七）定語(yǔ) v修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)語(yǔ)(Attribute)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示：。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞（形容詞）2.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分詞（分詞） 3.There are thirty women teachers in our school. （名詞）（名詞）4.H

20、is rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代詞）（代詞）205.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語(yǔ)）（不定式短語(yǔ)）6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（動(dòng)名詞）（動(dòng)名詞）7.He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介詞短語(yǔ)）（介詞短語(yǔ)）8.Farmers who saw us stared at us as if we

21、 are walking skeletons. (定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句)21（八）狀語(yǔ)（八）狀語(yǔ) v修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)（Adverbial）?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆？捎梢韵滦问奖硎?：1.Light travels most quickly.2.He has lived in the city for ten years. 3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（副詞及副詞

22、性詞組）（介詞短語(yǔ)）（不定式短語(yǔ)）224.He is in the room making a model plane.5.Wait a minute.6.Once you begin, you must continue.（分詞短語(yǔ)）（名詞）（狀語(yǔ)從句）239種狀語(yǔ)種類如下： 1. How about meeting again at six?2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.3.I shall go there if it doesnt rain. 4.Mr Smith lives on the

23、 third floor. 5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）（原因狀語(yǔ)）（條件狀語(yǔ)）（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）（方式狀語(yǔ)）24v She came in with a dictionary in her hand.6.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 7.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 8.She works very hard though she is old.9.I am t

24、aller than he is.（伴隨狀語(yǔ)）（目的狀語(yǔ)）（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）（讓步狀語(yǔ)）（比較狀語(yǔ)）25（九）同位語(yǔ)（九）同位語(yǔ)（Appositive）對(duì)前面的名）對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋，通常由名詞、詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋，通常由名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔(dān)任，如：數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔(dān)任，如：This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.（十）插入語(yǔ)（十）插入語(yǔ)（Parenthesis）對(duì)一句話）對(duì)一句話做一些附加的解釋，通常有做一些附加的解釋，通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, believe-)等，如：等，如：To be frank,

25、I dont quite agree with you.26練習(xí)練習(xí)（一）（一）.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：v1. The students got on the school bus.v2. He handed me the newspaper.v3. I shall answer your question after class.v4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!v5. They went hunting together early in the morning.S.AttributeO.Predi

26、cateAdverbialAttributeAdverbialAdverbial27v6. His job is to train swimmers.v7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.v8. There is going to be an American film tonight.v9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.v10. His wish is to become a scientist.v11. He managed to finish the work in time.v1

27、2. Tom came to ask me for advice.v13. He found it important to master English.AttributePredicativeO.PredicateS.PredicateS.PredicativePredicateO.AdverbialAO.RO.28v14. Do you have anything else to say?v15. To be honest，your pronunciation is not so good.v16. Would you please tell me your address?v17. H

28、e sat there, reading a newspaper.v18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.v19. He noticed a man enter the room.v20. The apples tasted sweet.O.AttributeParenthesisO.AdverbialAdverbialAS.PredicativeO.C.O.C.Predicative29指出下列諸句中畫線部分是什么成分： On the left of my house is an old church. Why cou

29、ld the boiling point of water be lower at the top of a mountain?3. I am not going to work today.4. This thing is for peeling potatoes.5.What time will you arrive?6.The Genie promised that if anyone should come and set him free, he would make him very rich.7. What nationality are you?S.S.V.Prep.O.Adv

30、.O.C.Predicative308. I couldnt understand why he had decided to retire at 50. 9. I am terribly confused by all this information.10. We had already reached 9000 feet by then.11. She reminded me to switch off all the lights.12. Ill be able to pass my driving test after I have had a few lessons.13. I l

31、ove swimming. It keeps me fit.14. It is obvious that money doesnt grow on trees.AdverbialV.O.C.O.O.C.S.O.31(二二)。劃分。劃分句子成分句子成分1.we are working .2.I can swim very well .3.The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me .4.Why does the wind blow .5.The rain has been pulling down for a whole day .6.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music .7.Jim asked you to give his best wishes to everyone .8.You must get the car ready by tomorrow .329.I have a lot of clothes to wash . I have a lot of