第10章乳狀液與泡沫

1、1NEW WORDSPhysical Chemistry of Surface2Chapter 1 The colloidal state4Colloidal 膠狀的，膠質(zhì)的4Colloid 膠體4System 系統(tǒng)，體系4Microheterogeneous 微多相4Dimension 尺寸，尺度4Nanometre 納米4Micrometre 微米1-1 Introduction34Aerosols 氣溶膠4Agrochemicals 農(nóng)業(yè)化學(xué)品4Cement 混凝土4Cosmetics 化妝品4Dyestuffs 染料4Emulsions 乳狀液4Fabrics 紡織品4Foams 發(fā)泡

2、劑4Foodstuffs 食品4Ink 墨水4Paint 油漆4Paper 紙4Pharmaceuticals 藥物4Plastics 塑料4Rubber 橡膠4Soil 土壤Introduction44Adhesion 粘附4Chromatography 色層分離法4Detergency 洗滌作用4Electrophoretic deposition 電泳沉積4Emulsion polymerisation 乳液聚合4Food processing 食品加工4Grinding 研磨4Heterogeneous catalysis 多相催化4Ion exchange 離子交換4Lubricat

3、ion 潤滑作用4Oil-well drilling 油井鉆探Introduction54Ore flotaion 礦物浮選4Precipitation 沉淀作用4Road surfacing 路面處理4Sewage disposal 污水處理4Soil conditioning 土壤改良4Sugar refining 食糖精制4Water clarification 水的凈化4Water evaporation control 水蒸發(fā)控制4Water repellency 防水4Wetting 潤濕Introduction64Interdisciplinary 各學(xué)科間的，跨學(xué)科的4Prec

4、ision 精確4Reproducibility 重現(xiàn)性4Interpretation 解釋4Monodispersed dispersions 單分散體系4Pure surface-active agents純表面活性劑4Physicochemical 物理化學(xué)的 Introduction74Colloidal dispersions 膠體分散體系4Thermodynamically 熱力學(xué)4Irreversible不可逆的4Reconstituted重新組成，恢復(fù)4Macromolecular高分子的4Association colloids 締合膠體4Dispersed phase分散相

5、4Dispersed medium分散介質(zhì)4Oil-in-water 水包油4Water-in-oil 油包水4Sol 溶膠4Suspension懸浮液1-2 Classification of colloidal systems8表1-1膠體分散體系的分類分散相分散介質(zhì)名 稱實(shí) 例液氣液體氣溶膠霧、噴霧液固氣固體氣溶膠煙、塵氣液泡沫洗衣泡沫、滅火泡沫液液乳狀液牛奶、蛋黃醬固液溶膠、懸浮體、糊狀物金溶膠、碘化銀溶膠、牙膏氣固固態(tài)泡沫泡沫塑料液固固態(tài)乳狀液乳色玻璃、珍珠固固固態(tài)懸浮體有色塑料 Classification of colloidal systems94Interface 界面4Ar

6、ea-to-volume ratio表面積與體積之比4Adsorption 吸附4Electric double layer 雙電層4Additive 添加劑4Clay 粘土, 泥土4Thickening 使變厚, 增稠4Thinning 切稀4Lyophilic 化親液的4Lyophobic 憎液的4Wax 蠟4Droplet 小滴 Classification of colloidal systems104Hydrocarbon 烴, 碳?xì)浠衔?Hydrophobic 憎水的 4Hydrophilic 親水的4Protein 蛋白質(zhì)4Affinity 親和力4Alumina 氧化鋁4Si

7、lica 硅石4Peptide linkage肽鏈4Amino 氨基4Carboxyl group羧基基團(tuán) Classification of colloidal systems114Electromagnetic radiation 電磁輻射4Asymmetry 不對(duì)稱4Corpuscular 血球的, 微粒子的4Laminar 薄片狀的4Sphere 球, 球體4Laterx 乳汁, 乳膠, 橡膠4Crystallite 微晶4Silve iodide 碘化銀4Prolate 扁長的（長球形）4Oblate 扁平的, 扁圓的（扁球形）4Rod 桿, 棒（棒形）4Disc 圓盤（圓盤形）4R

8、andom coil 無規(guī)線團(tuán)1-3 Structural characteristics124Ellipsoid revolution 旋轉(zhuǎn)橢圓球形4Cross-link 交聯(lián)4Covalent bonding 共價(jià)鍵4Hydrogen bonding 氫鍵4Van der waals forces 范德華力4Entanglement 纏繞4Cellulose 纖維素 4 Fibre 纖維4Collagen 膠原質(zhì)4Sinew 肌肉4Myosin 醫(yī)肌漿球蛋白, 阻凝蛋白4Keratin 生化角蛋白4Polypeptide 生化多肽4Globular protein 球狀蛋白 Structu

9、ral characteristics134Flexibility 柔順性4Rigid rod 硬棒4Steric 化(原子的)空間(排列)的4Segment 段, 節(jié), 片斷4Electrical repulsion 靜電排斥4Solvation 溶劑化作用4Immobilise 使不動(dòng), 使固定4Entrapment 誘捕的行動(dòng)（包裹）4Aggregate 聚集4Flocculent 絮凝的4Hydroxide 氫氧化物4 Precipitate 沉淀物4Gel 凝膠 Structural characteristics144Polydispersity 多分散性4Relative mol

10、ecular mass相對(duì)分子量4Osmotic pressure 滲透壓4Colligative property 依數(shù)性4Number average 數(shù)均4Mass average 質(zhì)均 Structural characteristics154Degradation 降級(jí), 降格, 退化（分散）4Ultrasonic 超聲波4Equilibrium 平衡4Sulphur 硫磺4Glucose 葡萄糖4Dialysis 滲析4Coarse 粗的4Alcohol 酒精4Acetone 丙酮4Silver nitrate 硝酸銀4Potassium iodide 碘化鉀4Decantatio

11、n 移注4Filtration 過濾, 篩選4Distill 蒸餾, 提取4Reddishbrown 褐紅色1-4 Preparation and pruification of colloidal systems164Nucleation化成核現(xiàn)象, 晶核形成4Crystal growth 晶體成長4Crystallisation 結(jié)晶化4Supersaturation 化過度飽和4Calcium carbonate 碳酸鈣4Redissolve 再溶解4Recrystallise 再結(jié)晶4Viscosity 粘度4Crystal lattice 晶格4Reagent 反應(yīng)力, 反應(yīng)物, 試

12、劑4Barium sulphate 硫酸鋇4Translucent 半透明的, 透明的4Semi-solid gel 半固體的凝膠174Nuclei nucleus（核子）的復(fù)數(shù)形4Neutralise 使中立, 中和4Potassium carbonate 碳酸鉀4Phosphorus 磷4Formaldehyde 化甲醛, 蟻醛4Regulate 控制4Latex 乳膠, 橡膠4Emulsion polymerisation 乳液聚合4Silver bromide 溴化銀4Silver iodide 碘化銀184Polystyrene 聚苯乙烯4Calibration 標(biāo)度, 刻度, 校準(zhǔn)

13、4Sieve 篩, 濾網(wǎng)4Antireflection 抗反射4Lens 透鏡4Photographic film 照相軟片4Magnetic devices 磁力設(shè)備4Pharmaceutical 藥物的194Gum 樹脂, 橡膠, 橡膠樹, 4Derivative 衍生物4Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 羧甲基纖維素鈉4Rayon 人造纖維4Vulcanised rubber 硫化橡膠4Polythene(Polyethylene) 聚乙烯4Teflon (Polytetrafluoroethylene) 聚四氟乙烯4Perspex(Poly(methylme

14、thacrylate) 聚甲基丙烯酸酯4Terylene(poly(ethylene terephthalate) 聚乙烯對(duì)苯二甲酸酯4Nylon 尼龍4Poly(hexamethylene adipamide) 聚已二酰已二胺4Utilisation 用途204Monomer 單體4Valence bond 價(jià)鍵4Addition polymerisation共聚聚合4Condensation polymerisation 縮聚聚合4Free radical 自由基4Catalyst 催化劑4Initiator 引發(fā)劑4Peroxide 過氧化物4Initiation （鏈）引發(fā)4Propa

15、gation （鏈）增長4Termination （鏈）終止4Disproportionation 不均勻214Bifunctional 雙官能團(tuán)4Monofunctional 單官能團(tuán)4Polyfunctional 多官能團(tuán)4Glycerol 甘油4Phthalic acid 酞酸4Bakelite 酚醛樹脂4Phenol 苯酚4Thermoplastic 熱塑性4Decomposition 分解224Exothermic 化發(fā)熱的, 放出熱量的4Aqueous phase 液相4Vinyl 化乙烯基4Styrene 化苯乙烯4Emulisfying agent 乳化劑4Fatty acid

16、 soap 羧酸皂4Potassium persulphate 過硫酸鉀4Nitrogen 氮?dú)?Mechanism 機(jī)理4Micellar 膠團(tuán)4Emulsifier 乳化劑234Dialysis 滲析4Filtration 過濾4Filter paper 濾紙4Diameter 直徑4Permeable 有浸透性的，能透過的4Membrane 膜4Regenerated 再生的4Cellulose 纖維素4Collodion 火棉膠4Ether 乙醚4Cellophane 賽珞玢4Visking 維斯金4Pore 毛孔, 小孔, 氣孔244Sausage skin 腸衣4Thimble 套管4Electrical repulsion 靜電排斥4Extraneous 外來的4Electrolyte 電解, 電解液4Gradient 梯度4Ultrafiltration 化超濾(作用) 4Suction 抽氣,吸氣4Fine wire screen 細(xì)網(wǎng)篩4Sintere 燒結(jié)的, 熔結(jié)的4Reverse osmosis 反滲透4Desalination 減