譯林牛津版高二英語必修五unit1知識點及語法總結

1、譯林牛津版高二英語必修五unit1 知識點及語法總結Welcome to the unit &ReadingI. 重點單詞1. betray. vt.1) 出賣；背叛 He would rather die than betray his country to the enemy.2) 顯露；泄露 The expression on her face betrays her anger.2. pretend. vt/vi1)vt. 假裝，佯裝, 后接不定式和從句做賓語。She pretended to be reading. 她假裝在看書。2）vi. 假裝She wasnt reall

2、y crying, she was only pretending. 3. admit. vt1) 承認；供認admit doing sth. 承認做某事 admit to sb. 向某人承認He admitted his crime. 2) 許可進入，準許進入 admit sb. to/into- 接納某人進入.; 吸收某人參加.He is admitted to Nanjing University this year. 3) 容納, 容許The cinema admits about 2000 people. 4) admit of 容許有; 有.可能; 容有.的余地His illnes

3、s admits of no delay. 4. swear. vt/vi 發(fā)誓；鄭重承諾；咒罵swear to sb. / swear that 從句 向某人承諾發(fā)誓swearswore -sworn5. focus. n/vt/vi1) n. 焦點，注意力put focus on 集中注意力于.2) vi/vtfocus on集中注意力于.近義詞組：concentrate on pay full attention to devote to6. guilty. adj 有罪的1) be guilty of “犯了罪”In the process of gaining our rightfu

4、l place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. 2)be found guilty 被判決有罪Maggie could be sentenced to up to three years in prision if (he was) found guilty.7. remark. Vt / n 評論make remarks on sth = make comments on sth 對作出評論8. apologize. vi 道歉apologize to sb=make an apology to sb 向某人道歉9. sensitive.

5、adj 敏感的;體貼的 be sensitive to 對體貼，敏感10. blame. n/vt 責備1) n. put blame on sb 責備某人2) vt. blame sb for sth 因某事責備某人 blame sth on sb 把某事歸咎于某人 He blamed his faiure on his teacher.sb be to blame= sb should be blamed 主動形式表被動You are to blame. 你應該受責備。11. gifted. adj = talented 有天賦的1) be gifted for/as 有天賦2) have

6、 a gift for有天賦II. 重點詞組1. beg sb to do sth 懇求某人做某事2. stare at 凝視glare at 怒視gaze at 瞪眼看3. keep ones word 守諾言break ones word 食言have a word with 與交談have a words with 與吵架4. feel like doing 想要做某事sound like 聽起來像5. go straight to 徑直去6. spy on 監(jiān)視watch over 看管7. keep pace with 與協(xié)調一致keep up with 跟上8. as a resu

7、lt of 由于because of= due to=owing to 由于as a result 結果result in 導致result from 源于，由于9. turn into 轉變成turn up 出現(xiàn)，出席turn out 結果是turn sb down 拒絕turn around 轉身；逆轉turn to 轉向10. as well as 和as well 也 may as well 不如不妨11. shout at 朝大喊( 生氣，憤怒)shout to朝大喊（指遠處）12. make some cruel remarks 咒罵某人，說壞話13. even though 即使

8、14. can not help doing sth 禁不住做某事cant help but do sth 只好做某事cant help to do sth 不能幫助做某事15. accuse sb of sth 指控某人某事inform. of 告知approve of 同意warn of 警告III.重點句式1. I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz, saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good mark. （page 2）（1）“must+完成時”

9、表示對過去事情語氣比較肯定的推測。對現(xiàn)在推測，用must be. They must have been laughing behind my back. (page 2） 他們在我背后一定是笑得合不攏嘴。 “must+完成時”結構的反義疑問句，疑問部分應根據(jù)must后的動詞形式采用相應的形式，可用have (has)，也可用did。但若句中出現(xiàn)了過去時間狀語，則只能用did。He must have read it, hasnt /didnt he? 他一定讀過它，是嗎?He must have left yesterday, didnt he? 他昨天一定走了，是嗎? 表示推測的否定結構要

10、用“can not /cant”, 或者是can +其他具有否定意義的副詞。例如：You cant be tired youve only been working for an hour. 你不可能疲倦，你只工作了一小時。（2）., saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good mark 是非謂語動詞doing做原因狀語；how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good mark 是how 引導的名詞性從句做say的賓語。2. I thought that Hannah must

11、 have told everyone about my grades after promising me not to.（page 2） 1) must have told 表示對過去推測； 2）after promising me not to=after she promised not to tell anyone. a. after引導的狀語從句，當從句的主語she與主句的主語Hannah 一致時，從句的she 可以省略，同時從句的謂語動詞promised 要變成非謂語形式promising; b. promising me not to 屬于 to do 不定式省略動詞do 的情

12、況，在某些動詞后，如：promise, like, hope, want 等，為避免與上一句to do中的動詞重復，可省略to后的動詞。3. I cannot help wondering if he wants Peter to be his best friend instead of me. （page 3）1）if he wants Peter to be his best friend instead of me為wonder 的賓語從句2）wonder vt. (對).感到奇怪; 想知道，不知道 I wonder if/whether you 可用來客氣地提出請求；wonder后可

13、接其他連接詞引導的賓語從句。例如：I wonder if youd give me some advice. I wonder who he is, where he came from and why he came. wonder后可接“疑問詞動詞不定式”作賓語：例如：They waited and wondered what to do. there is no wonder that 從句 ： 難怪.There is no wonder that you were late for school, for your bike broke down.4. He accuse me of

14、some bad things just to hurt me. (page 3）1) accuse sb of sth= charge sb with sth 指控某人.2）just to hurt me屬于非謂語to do形式，在句中做目的狀語，類似的詞組還有：only to (表示出乎意料的結果)，in order to/ so as to (表示目的)5. If so, the problem lies with you, not her.（page 5）(1) If so是個條件從句，so代替上文內容。not也有同樣用法，構成省略句式：if not。又如：She may not be

15、 free today. 她今天可能沒空。 If so, well have to put the meeting off. 如果是這樣，這會就得延后了。Get up early tomorrow, if not (you dont get up early), you will miss the first bus. 明天你得早起，否則（你不早起），你會錯過首班車。(2)lie with“是的責任；取決于”。例如： The solution to the problem lies with you. 解決該問題的辦法落在你的肩上。7. I have no doubt he will succ

16、eed.（page 7）doubt作名詞常用句型 have no doubt意為“毫無疑義；毫無疑問”，其中doubt是名詞。例如： I for one have no doubt that hes lying. There is no doubt that“毫無疑問”, that從句是同位語從句。例如： There is no doubt that Mary is qualified for the job. no/without/beyond doubt“無疑地；必定”The truth of the report is beyond all doubt. He was without d

17、oubt the very worst kind of reporter. Those who left were attracted, no doubt, by higher pay. Task &ProjectI. 重點單詞1. acquaintance. n 泛泛之交 make acquaintance with sb 結識某人2. anchor. n. 錨；vt. 扎根于be anchored in=be based on 根植于3. attitude. n. 看法，態(tài)度have positive attitude towards sth/sb4. cautious. adj

18、小心謹慎的be cautious about=be careful aboutcaution. N 小心5. eager. adj 急切的be eager to do =be dying for = long for= look forward toeagerness. N6. respond.vi 回應，回復respond to 回復reply to 回應react to 回應response.n 回復in response to sth 對做出回復7. mercy. n 仁慈at the mercy of 在的支配下8. committed. adj 盡心盡力的be committed t

19、o doing sth= be devoted to doing=be absorbed in doing=concentrate on doing=be bent on doing=be occupied in doing 投入做某事commit. Vt 致力于commit to doing sth 致力于做某事commit to sth 致力于某事commit suicide 自殺commit crime犯罪9. regardless. Adv不管，不顧regardless of = in despite of= despite +名詞或名詞性從句，意為“ 盡管”regard. Vt 看做

20、regardas = think of as= look on as= consideras II. 重點詞組1. get through 接通電話；渡過get on/along with 與相處get over 克服get across 使明白2. be anchored in 根植于3. be based on 以為基礎sb baseon 某人把基于之上on the basis of 在的基礎上4. regardless of 不管不顧5. end up 結果end up+形容詞/ done/ doing/ 介詞短語，表結果是end in 結果是in the end 最后6. rely o

21、n 依賴depend on 依賴 依靠7. thanks to 幸虧but for = thanks to +名詞表示與事實相反時，主句用虛擬語態(tài)，例如：Thanks to your help, we would not have finished the task.8. get along with 與相處get along with sb 與某人相處get along with sth 某事進展9. have different attitudes towards 對有不同的看法10. be cautious about 對小心謹慎11. be eager to 急切盼望.12. on t

22、he way to sp 在去的路上on the way to doing 即將.in this way 如此一來in the way 擋道，礙事13. have a quarrel with 與某人爭吵quarrel with sb與某人爭吵14. make an apology 道歉apologize to sb道歉15. in conclusion 總結in a word總之in short 簡言之in all 總共in brief 簡言之16. look back on 回顧look through 看穿；瀏覽look down upon 小看，瞧不起look up to 敬仰look

23、 into 調查III. 重點句式1. They are still sitting on the sofa, continuing the same conversation on the same topic.continuing the same conversation on the same topic,在句中作伴隨狀語，主句主語they與continue是主謂關系，故用doing非謂語形式。2. When asked, they usually hesitate before responding.此句完整形式為 When they were asked, they usually

24、 hesitate before they respond. 屬于狀語從句的省略，當狀從的主語與主句的主語一致時，從句的主語可省略，從句的謂語動詞變?yōu)榉侵^語動詞形式。3. We have to realize: boys share activities, while girls share feelings.1） while 意為“然而”，并列連詞表對比轉折。2） while還可意為“盡管”，引導讓步狀語從句=though, 例如：while the weather is terrible, they still arrived here on time 4. The qualities t

25、hat boys and girls consider important in a friend seem to be the same, regardless of the basis of these friendship.1） that boys and girls consider important in a friend 是定語從句，先行詞是qualities; 2） seem to do 表示“似乎，好像”，屬于to do 非謂語形式，其形式還有：seem to be doing( 表進行時態(tài))/ seem to have done(表示過去已完成)3） regardless

26、of 表示盡管，做讓步狀語。5. I end up returning to the train station and spending the rest of the day in the waiting room.end up+形容詞/ done/ doing/ 介詞短語，表結果是,例如：1） He ends up successful after years of efforts.2） He ends up in prison because he was charged with robbery.3） He ends up finishing the task ahead of ti

27、me.4） His efforts end up paid off.6. Friendship means being committed to others.1) mean. vt.意謂, 想要, 預定 vi.用意, 有意義 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味著做某事I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot.He means this house for his daughter.習慣用語： be meant to do照道理，照規(guī)矩；應該，必須；得要；He was meant for /

28、to be a doctor.mean sb. for準備讓某人干某工作mean much to sb. 對某人很重要; 對某人很可貴mean a great deal mean. adj.低劣的, 卑鄙的, 普通的, 吝嗇的, 簡陋的,不舒服的 Peter's father was very mean; he never gave Peter any new clothes.2) be committed to sb 表示對某人很投入，真誠 7. The best way to have a friend is to be a friend.to have a friend系to d

29、o 非謂語形式做后置定語；to be a friend 是to do 非謂語形式做表語。 Grammar: to do/ doing語法知識 :非謂語動詞一、動詞不定式 The Infinitive Form of Verbs動詞不定式是非謂語動詞形式之一，它不能充當謂語，但具有謂語動詞的主要特征，即時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化；可以有自己的賓語和狀語，構成不定式短語。1. 不定式的形式肯定式to do sth.Hed like to play basketball this afternoon.否定式not to do sth.No one likes to be looked down upon.進行

30、體to be doing sth.He pretended to be reading when the teacher came in.完成體to have done sth.He seemed to have known the result.被動式to be doneHe certainly deserves to be sent to prison.完成被動式to have been doneHe seems to have been elected a model worker.2不定式的用法不定式可以用來做主語、表語、定語、狀語、賓語、獨立成分，表示比較具體的意義。（1）做主語 動

31、詞不定式短語To master a foreign language is no easy job.To see this film is to waste time.To solve this problem is out of the question 為平衡整個句子，避免頭重腳輕，常用it做形式主語，而將真正主語不定式放后面，用于這種形式是一些特定的結構。例如：1）謂語部分是系表結構，表語是某些形容詞或名詞。例如：It is foolish to act in this way.It sounds reasonable to do it this way.It appears likel

32、y for them to arrive. It is a good idea to think this way.2）某些動詞做謂語時。例如：It took much time to do this.It makes us excited to think about that.It needs hard work to finish the job.It does no good to say like that.(2) 做表語表示打算、計劃、命令和要求，有時可見用appear, seem, happen等做系動詞，常做主語的名詞有：wish, aim, duty, hope, idea,

33、 mistakes, plan, purpose, suggestion.等抽象名詞，也可以是what引導的主語從句。例如：Such questions are to be avoided.What he said proved to be true. He seems to be ill.(3) 做定語做定語時不定式一般緊跟其所修飾名詞或代詞后面。例如：He kept on saying really mean thing to hurt me.He was the first one to come this morning.He didnt have the chance to go t

34、o school in the past.如果不定式是不及物動詞時，應注意其相應介詞的搭配。例如：He has nothing to worry about.She is a very nice person to work with.There was only a small cold room to live in at that time.(4) 作狀語不定式作狀語可以表示目的、原因和結果。 表目的常用in order to, so as to, so+形容詞/副詞+as to，such+名詞+as to等結構但so as to只能放在主句之后。Check your homework

35、so as to avoid mistakes. She goes home (in order) to see her grandmother every week. 表結果常用only to do, enough to do, tooto do等句型，不定式短語作結果狀語具有“意料之外”之意。He is too excited to speak anything.I hurried to his house, only to find him out.原因 She seemed s

36、urprised to see us. He is sorry for what he did to think of his past. 不定式作條件狀語時謂語動詞通常含有will, shall, should, would, can, must等。 You will do better to get her support. You must get u

37、p early not to miss the train. 不定式作方式狀語時，通常采用as if 或 as though + to 的結構，其意為“好像要”。He raised his hand as if to hit me. She took out a pen and a piece of 

38、;paper as though to write something. (5) 做賓語 某些及物動詞要用動詞不定式作賓語, 以下及物動詞常用動詞不定式作賓語：agree, ask, attempt, begin, care, choose, continue, decide, desire, determine, expect, forget, hate,hope,intend, learn, like, love,

39、0;manage, mean, offer, prefer,pretend,promise, refuse, start, try, want, undertake,  wish等。例如：I want to tell you about Zhao Jie. (page 7)We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. Mary

40、 begged to go with us. 動詞不定式作賓語時，如其后有補足語，則可以用先行語it作形式賓語，而將真正賓語動詞不定式后移，用于該形式的常見動詞有：believe, consider, declare, feel, guess, imagine, judge, know, make, prove, realize, report, see, show, suppose, think, understand, find等。例如：I felt it useless for us

41、60;to say anything further. I made it a rule to get up early, take a cold bath, and then do some running. I consider it better not to go. (6) 做賓語補足語 帶to的不定式做賓補有相當數(shù)量的及物動詞或

42、短語可以接帶to的不定式做賓補。例如：I shall try to persuade her to see the doctor. The villagers didnt allow them to do this. I will ask them to leave the company. I shall persuade him to take the medic

43、ine.He called on his friends to help him. 不帶to的不定式做賓補也有一些及物動詞后接不帶to的不定式作賓補，常見的有使役動詞類：make, let, have；感官動詞類：see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel等。但在被動結構中要帶to (let除外)。例如：Someone saw him enter my room. He was seen to enter 

44、my room.The boy made the baby laugh by making a face at him.The baby was made to laugh by making a face at him.(7)“疑問詞+不定式”相當于這些疑問代詞和副詞引導的名詞性從句。常見引導該形式的動詞有：decide, find out, forget, inquire, know, learn, remember, see, settle, think, understand, wonder等，在句子中可以做主語、賓語或表語。例如：What to do next has no

45、t been decided. = What will do next has not been decided.What worries me most is how to do it. = What worries me most is how we will do it.I dont know when to leave. = I dont know when we will leave.It is not yet decided whether to discuss this.= It is not yet decided whether we will discuss this.(8

46、) 不定式的省略動詞不定式中再次出現(xiàn)與前面相同的動詞只留下不定式符號to, 省略其他以避免重復。例如：I thought that Hannah must have deliberately told everyone about my mark after promising not to (tell everyone about my mark).We wont tell anyone about your call unless you want us to (tell anyone about your call).Will you join us?

47、60; I should love to (join you).   The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street but his mother told him not to (ride his bicycle in the street).(9) 不定式的主動形式表被動意義 不定式作定語時，若其邏輯主語是句子主語

48、或賓語時，則可以用主動式表示被動。the important thing to remember is that both of them are friendships. (page 18) 但有時既可用主動形式也可用被動形式，意思不太一樣。比較：Have you anything to send? (to send 的執(zhí)行者是“你”。)Have you anything to be sent? (to be sent的動作執(zhí)行者是 “他人”。) 形容詞easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，nice，dangerous，comfortable， ex

49、citing, funny, heavy, important, good, interesting等后面接不定式作狀語時，常用主動形式表被動意義, 可用it做形式主語的句型替換。This book is easy to read. = It is easy to read the book.（這本書很容易讀。）We found the man difficult to deal with. =It is difficult for us to deal with the man.（我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個人很難對付。） 在tooto中, 不定式的主動式可以表示被動意義。The plane is too f

50、ar away to see.(10) 動詞不定式的復合結構 不定式的復合結構“for sb. to do sth.”可充當多種句子成分。一般情況下，不定式動作的執(zhí)行者就是句子的主語。有時不定式的動作執(zhí)行者不是句子的主語，此時不定式for sb.來充當不定式to do sth.的邏輯主語。例如：I dont think it advisable for him to learn medicine. (賓語)This is for you to d

51、ecide. (表語)She waved the red flag for the car to stop. (狀語)The article is too difficult for a child of ten to understand. (狀語)The order for them to climb the mountai

52、n was given. (定語) For a child to learn everything is impossible. (主語) 不定式的復合結構做主語時，常見用兩種特定句型: “It is + adj. for / of sb. to do sth.” 和 “It is + n. of sb. to do sth”。1) 在 “It isfor /of sb. to do sth.”句型中，for sb.和of sb. 有區(qū)別。for sb.前應是表事物性質的形容詞如eas

53、y, important, necessary, possible等，sb和這些形容詞邏輯主謂關系不能成立。而of sb. 前應是表性格特征的形容詞如good, kind, nice, brave, clever, careless, foolish, silly, stupid等，其邏輯主謂關系能夠成立。例：It is easy for us to understand the sentence. We are easy邏輯主謂關系不能成立故用介詞for。It is clever of you to do that.You are clever邏輯主謂關系能夠成立故用介詞of。It is r

54、ight/wrong for/of you to do that.形容詞right, wrong后接for sb和of sb都對。2) “It is + n. of sb. to do sth”句型中常見名詞多是抽象名詞如pleasure, pity, mistake, honor等，不定式的復合結構其實對抽象名詞做了細節(jié)說明。例如：It is a great mistake for them to agree with you. It is a matter of honor for us to keep our standards as high a

55、s possible. It is a great pleasure for me to live with you. (11) 不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 動詞不定式有不同的時態(tài)。一般式說明行為在謂語動詞所表示的行為之后，多數(shù)是那些表愿望的詞：want; hope; expect等。I want to go home.I hope to see you.說明行為與謂語動詞表示的行為同時發(fā)生，多數(shù)是些省略不定式符號的詞，一般是復合賓語。I saw him come in.He helped him (to) carry things.完成式說明行為動詞在謂語動詞表示的行為動詞之前發(fā)生。I'm

56、sorry to have troubled you. He is said to have come here.He seemed to have known it.進行式不定式的進行式所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生。它強調不定式動作正在進行或持續(xù)進行。They seemed to be getting along quite well. = It seemed that they were getting along quite well.二、動名詞動名詞是一種非謂語形式，起名詞的作用，但帶有動詞的特征，可以有自己的賓語和狀語，構成動名詞短語。1. 動名詞的形式：肯定

57、式doing sth.It will be nice getting scholarships to the university.否定式not doing sth.I am sorry for not having kept my promise.完成體having done sth.I remember having asked her to wait us.被動式being doneI dont like being left at home in the evening.完成被動式having been doneThe house showed no sign of having be

58、en damaged.2. 動名詞的用法動名詞句法作用表句 子 成 分例 句主 語Swimming is a best sport in summer.There is no telling what will happen.賓語直接賓語We enjoyed seeing the film.短語動詞賓語I am thinking of taking over the job.介詞賓語After having finished his work, he went home. 表 語What like best is swimming in the sea.定 語He looked me

59、 with questioning eyes.(1) 做主語 動名詞做主語表示比較抽象、習慣性和經常性的意義，在傳統(tǒng)語法上和不定式做主語表具體意義有區(qū)別, 隨著語言不斷進步, 這種區(qū)別正在逐漸消失。例如：Moving to a new town or area can be a trying time. (page 12)Saying is easier than doing. Collecting stamps is a good hobby. 為平衡整個句子，避免頭重腳輕，常用it做形式主語，而將真正主語不定式放后面，用于這種形式是一些特定的結構。例如：1) 謂語部分是系表結構，表語是某些形容詞。例如：Its interesting planning a holiday. Its rather tiring walking around in a city.2) 當use，good，waste，bore，fun，shame，encouragement，等名詞作表語時，通常用it作形式主語，把作