英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUK課件

1、英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKAn Introduction to English-Speaking Countries英語國家概括 張張 學(xué)學(xué) 力力 QQ：1772708276 郵箱: 英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland1. Geography2. Population3. Economy4. History5. Culture6. Politics7. Diplomatic Relationships8. Sport

2、s9. Leisure Life英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKUK in the World1. Geography英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUK1. Geographic Featuresu Island country; no part of Britain is very far from the coast; good, deep harbors. u Tilting: rising in North-West, highland; sinking in South-East, low land.u Weather:

3、mild temperature; plenty of rainfall英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKTopographic Map of the UK英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUK2. Population Distributionu Land area: 244, 820skqu Total population: 60, 943, 912 (2008) (18th in the world)u Distribution: Administrative DivisionPopulation(mid 2007)England

4、51.1 millionScotland5.1 millionWales3.0 millionNorthern Ireland1.8 millionUnited Kingdom 60,975,000England: about 84% Scotland: roughly 8.5 %Wales: 5%Northern Ireland (since 1921): less than 3%.Source: Office for National Statistics; National Assembly for Wales; General Register Office for Scotland;

5、 Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (updated Jan 2008) 英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKit is more than twice as densely populated as France (106/sqk), eight times as densely populated as the USA (31/sqk) and 100 times as densely populated as Australia (2/sqk). Britain is a relatively de

6、nsely populated country248 people/skq, 6th in the world. (2007)1st. Bangladesh1023/skq 2ed. Japan: 338/ sqk 3rd. India: 333/sqk11th. China: 138/sqk 20th. USA: 31/skq英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKMap of Population DensitySource: National Statistics website: 英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUK3. Histor

7、yuPrehistoric Britain BC uRoman Britain 43 AD uAnglo Saxon Britain 450uViking Britain 793uMedieval Britain 1066uTudor Britain 1485 uStuart Britain 1603uGeorgian Britain 1714 uVictorian Britain 1837 uModern Britain 1902 + 英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKPrehistoric Britain The first men and women cam

8、e to Britain over two and a half million years ago.They were hunters and gatherers of food who used simple stone tools and weapons.B.C EVENTS500,000People migrate to Britain from Europe. 6500The land bridge joining Britain to Europe is flooded as the sea level rises. Britain becomes an Island. 2,100

9、Bronze Age begins 2,000Stonehenge completed750Iron Age begins: iron replaces bronze as most useful metal. Population about 150,000. 500The Celtic people arrive from Central Europe.英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKRoman Britain uThe Romans were the first to invade Britain and came to Britain nearly 20

10、00 years ago. Even today, the ruins of Roman buildings, forts, roads, and baths can be found all over Britain.uBritain was part of the Roman Empire for almost 400 years!uthe Roman armies left by the time of around 410 AD. uMany English words are derived from the latin language of the Romans. 英語國家概況第

11、二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKRoman BritainTimeEvents55 BCJulius Caesar heads first Roman Invasion but later withdraws 43 ADRomans invaded and Britain became part of the Roman Empire 122-128Emperor Hadrian builds a wall on the Scottish Border 140Romans conquered Scotland401-410The Romans withdraw from Br

12、itain: Anglo Saxons migrants begin to Settle 英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKAnglo-Saxon Britain uThe Roman army left Britain about AD 410. When they had gone there was no strong army to defend Britain, and tribes called the Angle, Saxon, and Jute (the Anglo-Saxons) invaded. They left their homeland

13、s in northern Germany, Denmark and northern Holland and rowed across the North Sea in wooden boats. uThe Anglo-Saxons ruled most of Britain but never conquered Cornwall in the south-west, Wales in the west, or Scotland in the north. They divided the country into kingdoms.uMissionaries from Roman spr

14、ead Christianity across southern Britain.英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKViking BritainThe Viking Age in Britain began about 1,200 years ago in the 8th Century AD and lasted for 300 years. 793First invasion by the Vikings 866-877Invasion of the Great Danish (Viking) Army 871King Alfred defeats the V

15、ikings but allows them to settle in Eastern England 926Eastern England (Danelaw) is conquered by the Saxons 1042Edward the Confessor becomes King 英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUK英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKThe Middle Ages - Medieval Britain (Normans) The Middle Ages in Britain cover a huge perio

16、d.Norman Conquest began in 1066The Normans built impressive castles, imposed a feudal system and carried out a census of the country. 英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUK1066The Battle of Hastings: William of Normandy defeats Harold with a lucky shot and becomes King of England - Norman Conquest 1078Wor

17、k starts on The Tower of London 1167Oxford University Founded 1215The Magna Carta is signed by King John 1314he Battle of Stirling BridgeThe Scots under William Wallace defeat the English 1337-1453Hundred Years War with France 1348-1349The Black Death arrived in England and killed nearly half of the

18、 population 英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUK英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKThe BlackDeathMovingthroughEurope英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKTudor Britain The Tudors were a Welsh-English family that ruled England from 1485 to 1603 - one of the most exciting periods of British history. Henry VIII spl

19、it with Catholicism and made himself head of the Church of England. Henry VIII 英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUK1485The War of the Roses ends at the Battle of Bosworth. Henry Vll crowned king 1534Henry VIII forms the Church of England. 1536Act of Union joined England and Wales1558Elizabeth I begins h

20、er 45 year reign 1588The English defeat the Spanish Armada 1600First British involvement in the Indian continent - East India Company formed.Population of Britain just over 4 million 英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKStuart Britain The Stuarts had ruled Scotland since 1371, but James VI of Scotland wa

21、s the first Stuart king of England. 1603James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England uniting the two kingdoms 1620The Pilgrim Fathers set sail for New England from Plymouth, aboard the Mayflower 1649King Charles executed 1653Cromwell proclaimed Lord Protector 1660Restoration of the Monarchy under

22、 King Charles II 1689Bill of Rights1707Act of Union between Scotland and England英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKGeorgian Britain In 1714 the British throne passed to a German family, the Hanoverians 1721Sir Robert Walpole becomes the first Prime Minister 1757First canal in Britain is completed 1776A

23、merica declares independence from Britain 1780sIndustrial Revolution Begins 1788First convict ships are sent to Australia 1825Worlds first railway opens between Stockton and Darlington 1834The Poor Law set up workhouses, where people without homes or jobs could live in return for doing unpaid work.

24、英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKVictorian BritainThe Victorians lived over one hundred and fifty years ago during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837 to 1901) and was a time of enormous change in this country. In 1837 most people lived in villages and worked on the land; by 1901, most lived in towns a

25、nd worked in offices, shops and factories. 1837Queen Victoria became Queen at the age of 181870Education Act means school for everyone 1876Alexander Bell invented the telephonePrimary education was made compulsory 1891Free education for every child 1901Population of Britain 40 million 英語國家概況第二課英國概況I

26、ntroductiontotheUKModern Britain 1902Britain defeated Dutch settlers in Boer War in South Africa 1902The first old age pension 1920Republic of Ireland gains independence 1953Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II 1973Britain joins the European Community 1979Margaret Thatcher becomes Britains first woman p

27、rime minister1994Channel Tunnel links Britain back to the European continent 英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKChannel TunnelOpening Ceremony (6th, May 1994)英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKLiterature Early Writing:Beowulf. Before the 8th century; earliest copy: 1, 000 AD; story of the 6th century Swed

28、ish warrior Beowulf and his conflict with a family of dragons.Canterbury Tales. Geoffrey Chaucer(1340-1400) Literature works about King Arthur: Historia Regum Brittaniae (History of the Kings of Britain), 1138; Morte DArthur (Death of Arthur), 1470英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKSpirits of the Knigh

29、ts of the Round TableTo never do outrage nor murder. Always to flee treason. To by no means be cruel but to give mercy unto him who asks for mercy. To always do ladies, gentlewomen and widows succor. To never force ladies, gentlewomen or widows. Not to take up battles in wrongful quarrels. 永不暴怒和謀殺。

30、永不背叛。 永不殘忍，給予求降者以寬恕。 總是給予女士以援助。 永不脅迫女士。 永不因爭吵而卷入戰(zhàn)斗。英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKElizabethan DramaThe RenaissanceMarlowe (1564-1593): Dr FaustusBen Jonson (1572-1637): Volpone, the Archemist, Bartholomew FairWilliam Shakespeare (1564-1616): Hamlet英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUK19th Century NovelT

31、he Romantic Movement John Keats (1795-1821)Mary Shelly (1797-1851)William Wordsworth (1770 1850) 英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKJane Austen: Sense and SensibilityBronte Sisters (Charlotte, Emily and Ann)Charles Dickens: Oliver TwistWalter Scott (1771-1832): Rob Roy; Ivanhoe英語國家概況第二課英國概況Introduction

32、totheUK20th Century LiteratureModernism and PostmodernismJoseph Conrad (1857-1924): The Heart of Darkness (1902)Virginia Woolf (1882-1941): Mrs. Alloway (1925) “Stream of Consciousness”George Orwell (1903-1950): 1984Ian Fleming (1908-1964): James Bond Stories英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKEducation

33、1. Educational Policy2. Educational System英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKCompulsory education for all children between the ages of 5 and 16 Four stages:primary secondary further education higher education 英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKElementary and Secondary Education Two parallel school systems

34、(雙軌制雙軌制): State system:11-year compulsory education Independent systemPublic schools（公學(xué)） “sixth form” (2 years)Higher EducationFamous Universities英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKTwo parallel school system: State systemlocal authority maintained 94% (Free to all children between the ages of 516) Inde

35、pendent systemPublic schools 6% (Parents pay for their childrens education) National curriculum Compulsory in state school Optional in independent school英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKState Systemstate system 11-year compulsory education 5-11: primary schools (co-educational/ mixed schools) 11-16:

36、secondary schools (90% are comprehensive schools) GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education)普通教育證書考試普通教育證書考試英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUK“sixth form” (2 years) A-levels (General Certificate of EducationAdvanced)for universities admittances GNVQs (General National Vocational Qualifications)

37、 for vocational training英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKIndependent Systemthe most famous Eton, Harrow and Winchester6 percent of all British childrenA privilege for the rich Better funded Better teachers Better facilities Better chance to enter famous universities英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKDeg

38、rees AwardedTime range required in UKTime range required in ChinaB.A. / B.S.3 years4 yearsM.A. / M.S.1 or 2 years2 or 3 yearsDoctoral degree3 to 5 years3 to 5 years英語國家概況第二課英國概況IntroductiontotheUKFamous UniversitiesTop 10 Britain University in 2007v University of Cambridge 劍橋大學(xué)劍橋大學(xué)v University of Oxford 牛津大學(xué)牛津大學(xué)v Imperial College (London) 帝國學(xué)院（倫敦）帝國學(xué)院（倫敦）v London School of Economics 倫敦政治經(jīng)