最新人教版高中英語必修三unit4《astronomythescienceofthestars》全單元教案.doc

1、21Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the starsi.單元教學(xué)目標(biāo)技能目標(biāo)Skill GoalsTalk about the science of the stars, the development of life and space travel and gravity.Practise giving instructions.Practise talking abut problems in study or life.Learn to use Noun Clause s as the subject.Learn to write an essay t

2、o show your problems and the way to overe them.II .目標(biāo)語言功臺(tái)匕 目匕句Talk about the science of the stars, the development of life and space travel and gravityWhere do we e from?How did the universe begin?Why is the universe the way it was?How will it end?How much do you know about universe?Do you want to h

3、ave a space travel?Do you know something about gravity?Do you know something about black holes?Practise giving instructionsPlease look at/ listen to.Please check that.You need.Please pay attention to.Don' t forget to.You' d better.Make sure you.Watch out for.You mustn' t.Practice talking

4、 about problems in study or lifeMy problem is.The difficulty is.My trouble is.The question is.My advice is.What I think about it is.The fact is.My suggestion is.詞匯1四會(huì)詞匯astronomy, system, religion theory atom billion globe violent carbon atmosphere unlike fundamental harmful acid chain multiply oxyge

5、n exist thus dioxide puzzle biology biologist gravitysatellite gentle physicist climate crash spaceship pull float mass 2認(rèn)讀詞匯astronomer, biochemistry, geophysics, solar, Big Bang, vapour, nitrogen, dissolve, am .phibian, reptile, generally, mammal, global, et, Issac Newton, Albert Einstein, Stephen

6、Hawking, lessen, weightlessly, cabin, exhaust, exclaim3詞組solar system, in time, lay eggs, give birth to, in one' s turn,carbon dioxide, prevent-from, block out, cheer up, now that,break out, watch out語法Noun Clauses as the subjectNoun Clauses as the subject is also called the Subject Clause. That

7、 means a Noun Clause serves as Subject in the sentence. The words which are used in this Noun Clause are that, whether, who, what, which, when, where, how, why, etc.Example1. What it was to bee was a mystery.2. It was not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not.III .教材分析與教材重組1 .教材分析本單元以 ast

8、ronomy the science of the stars, the development of life, space travel and gravity為話題，通過本單元的幾篇閱讀材料使學(xué)生對(duì)以上問題有所了解，并通過文章中的一些探討性的問題， 比如，The earth maybee too hot for the lives on it. Then what will our future be?使學(xué)生更好地了解我們的地球和我們的生活環(huán)境，并引發(fā)對(duì)“地球的將來如何”的熱烈討論，通 過這些討論激發(fā)學(xué)生對(duì)天文學(xué)了解和探究的強(qiáng)烈興趣。通過討論登月球需要的物 品和可能遇到的困難學(xué)會(huì)提出問題

9、和解決問題的表達(dá)方法，并能就此寫出一篇表達(dá)合理思路清晰的短文。1.1 WARMINGP以討論的形式通過三組問題引導(dǎo)學(xué)生討論邊緣科學(xué)，討論科 學(xué)的方法以及要成為真正的科學(xué)家所必須掌握的技能。1.2 PRE-READINGt要讓學(xué)生弄清楚什么是科學(xué)思想，什么是宗教信仰或文 化傳統(tǒng)。在探討生命起源的科學(xué)道理之前，讓學(xué)生以聽故事或講故事的方式，交流有關(guān)宇宙的起源的種種傳說，既有趣味性，又能調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的相關(guān)知識(shí)，激活學(xué) 生的思維。1.3 READING#述了地球上生命的起源。水的形成使得地球有別于其他星球，它使得地球上生命的誕生成為可能。科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，地球上的生命首先誕生于水中， 上百萬年后，陸地上才長出綠

10、色植物，隨后出現(xiàn)了陸棲動(dòng)物和水陸兩棲動(dòng)物。最初的動(dòng)物靠孵化繁衍后代，后來出現(xiàn)了哺乳動(dòng)物，人類也隨之誕生了。文章最后 講了 令人深省的問題： The earth may bee too hot for the lives on it.1.4 PREHENDING過四個(gè)選擇填空題檢測學(xué)生對(duì)本文核心問題的理解：地球上生命的起源和延續(xù)需要哪些條件？隨后通過排序的方式幫助學(xué)生弄清本文的 行文線索，也就是地球上生命的起源和發(fā)展歷程。最后提出兩個(gè)問題，考查學(xué)生 的深層理解和推斷能力。1.5 LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE匯和語法兩部分。其中， Discovering useful words

11、 and expressions通過英文釋意，短文填空，詞語分類和單項(xiàng)選擇等練習(xí)讓學(xué)生在語境中掌握和運(yùn)用詞匯。Gramma樂用先發(fā)現(xiàn)后應(yīng)用的學(xué)習(xí)方 法。先通過到課文中找句子，讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)主語從句，然后，設(shè)置一個(gè)用一手機(jī)發(fā) 短信息的情景，讓學(xué)生進(jìn)行簡單句與主語從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)。最后設(shè)置情景來復(fù)習(xí)表語從句。1.6 USING LANGUAGEListening 、Reading 和 Speaking and Writing 三部 分交互組合而成。指導(dǎo)學(xué)生在聽和讀的輸入性學(xué)習(xí)之后，完成說和寫的輸出性應(yīng)用練習(xí)。Listening的內(nèi)容介紹三位科學(xué)巨匠。不僅通過聽力填表的形式訓(xùn)練學(xué) 生捕捉細(xì)節(jié)的能力，還

12、通過四選一的方式幫助學(xué)生找主題思想。在解釋對(duì)與錯(cuò)的 過程中，教師可以適當(dāng)?shù)慕榻B一下概括主題的方法。Reading是一個(gè)科幻小故事， 通過作者和作者的朋友乘宇宙飛船登月球的經(jīng)歷，介紹了重量、失重和地球引力等科學(xué)道理。Speaking以Visiting the moon 為話題，要求學(xué)生討論登月球需 要攜帶的物品和在月球上可能遇到的困難。Writing要求學(xué)生找出登月球可能遇到的三個(gè)困難并找出克服這些困難的方法。在聽說讀寫綜合提高的同時(shí)，培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新意識(shí)和實(shí)踐能力。2 .教材重組2.1 將 Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading 和 prehending 四部分整合在一起

13、 上一節(jié)閱讀課。2.2 將 Leaning about language 和 Workbook 中 的 Using Words and expressions 以及 Using Structures 整合在一起上一節(jié)語法課。2.3 聽力 Using language 中的 Listening 與 Workbook 中 Listening 和 Listening task 三部分話題較為接近，其中Listening 部分是介紹三位對(duì)地球引力的認(rèn)識(shí)做出巨大貢獻(xiàn)的科學(xué)偉人。在提高聽力的同時(shí)，為下文的Reading部分作了鋪墊。Workbook中Listening是關(guān)于轟動(dòng)一時(shí)的航天英雄楊利偉的故事。

14、 通過聽力練習(xí)，讓學(xué)生了解作為宇航員所需要哪些素質(zhì)。而 Listening task中的聽力則是向?qū)W生展示space travel 的潛在價(jià)值。既然三部分都在談?wù)撆cAstronomy 有關(guān)的內(nèi)容，所以放在一起處理比較合適。2.4 把 Using Language 中的 Speaking 和 Workbook 中的 Talking 和 Speaking task 放在一起整合成一節(jié)口語訓(xùn)練課。這幾部分涉及到本單元的功能句， 指導(dǎo)學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)如何思考需要的東西，怎樣給別人以指示以及如何向別人問問題。2.5 泛讀 是把 Using language 中的 Reading 和 Workbook中的 Rea

15、ding task整合在一起。這兩部分利用science fiction story 向讀者解釋gravity 和 blackhole.2.6 寫作練習(xí)是把 Using language 中的 Writing 和 Workbook中的 Writing Task 以及 Project 整合在一起上一堂寫作練習(xí)課。3. 課型設(shè)計(jì)與課時(shí)分配（經(jīng)教材分析，本單元可以用6 課時(shí)教完）1st periodIntensive Reading 2nd periodLanguage study3rd periodListening4th periodExtensive Reading5th periodSpea

16、king6th periodWritingIV. 分課時(shí)教案The First Period Intensive ReadingTeaching goals 教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. Target language 目標(biāo)語言重點(diǎn)詞語：theory, atom, billion, globe, violent, carbon, atmosphere,fundamental, harmful, acid, multiply, oxygen, exist, prevent, dioxide2. Ability goals能力目標(biāo)a. Enable Ss to talk about the science of

17、the stars, the development oflife and space travel and gravity.Where do we e from?How did the universe begin?Why is the universe the way it was ?How will it end?How much do you know about universe?Do you want to have a space travel?Do you know something about gravity?b. Understand the text and answe

18、r the following questionsWhat was there on the earth before life could begin?Why do scientists think there has never been life on the moon?Why did animals first appear in the seas?Why did green plants help life to develop?Why were mammals different from other an imals?c. Enable the Ss to understand

19、the details about the passage, choosingthe correct answer according to the text and put the order of development of life into a time line and answer questions.d. Retell the passage using key sentences.3. Learning ability goals 學(xué)能目標(biāo)Enable Ss to learn how to talk about the beginning of life on the ear

20、th.Teaching important points教學(xué)重點(diǎn)a. Talk about the beginning of life on the earth.Why did animals first appear in the seas?Why did green plants help life to develop?b. Discuss the order of development of life.Teaching difficult points教學(xué)難點(diǎn)a. Understand the beginning of life on the earth.b. Discuss the

21、 questionsWhat will our future be if the earth may bee too hot for the lives on it?Why are humans the cleverest animals on the earth?Teaching methods 教學(xué)方法a. Skimming and scanning.b. Asking-and-answering activity to check the Ss ' understanding of the text.c. Individual, pair or group work to fin

22、ish each task.d. Discussion.Teaching aids 教具準(zhǔn)備A recorder, a puter and a projector.Teaching procedures & ways教學(xué)過程與方式Step I PresentationT Hello, everyone! Today we ll e to Unit 4 Astronomy. Before that I have a question Where do we e from? Or we can say Who are our ancestors?S1 Monkeys!S2 Beijing

23、Ren who lived many years ago.S3 Reptiles.S4 Mammals.S5 Amphibians.S6 Dinosaurs.T Very good! Can you put them in right order?S7 Amphibians, Reptiles, Dinosaurs, Mammals, Beijing Ren.T Do you know what it was like before life appeared on earth?S8 It was full of water, perhaps.T Before that, what was i

24、t like?S9 Sorry, I don t know.T Do you want to get more information? Today we ll learn something about HowLife Beganon the Earth. Turn to Page 25. Let s e to Warmingup first.Step II Warming up1. Read the three questions, while the students listen and follow.2. Give the Ss several minutes to discuss

25、the questions.3. Collect answers from the whole class.4. Check the answers while discussing.T I ll read the three questions for you. You should listen to mecarefully.(If students don t know howto discuss, show them an example.) For example, medicine. Whensomeonegets serious illness, he will go to th

26、e hospital. The doctor will examine him. He will take his temperature, measure hisblood pressure and give him an X-ray, or a CT. For the whole process ofthe examination, what kind of science has been used?S1 Biology.S2 Chemistry.T So we can say medicine bines biology and chemistry. What about bioche

27、mistry and geophysics?S3 I think biochemistry bines biology and chemistry.S4 Geophysics bines geology and physics.T What about astronomy?S5 Physics.S6 Mathematics.T Very good. Weshould know that astronomy is a multidisciplinary subject and if we want to do some research on it, we should know many sc

28、ience subjects related to it. Now discuss the second questionWhat do we mean when we say we are studying a subject scientifically? Or what' s the correct attitude towards science?S7 We should be objective, not superstitious.T What' s the correct way to prove a scienti fic idea?S8 We should d

29、esign experiments to test it for several times.S9 Then we can analyze the results and draw a conclusion at last.T Let ' s sum up the answers. To study a subject scientifically, we musttry to be objective. In order to test our idea, we should design experiments, then analyze the results and draw

30、a conclusion. Now let's talk about the third question.What are the most important skills we need to be real scientists?S10 We should be very careful.S11 Be objective and logical.S12 Weshould be wise enough to design an experiment and write the reports clearly.S13 We should be able to draw conclu

31、sions from the experiments and not impose conclusions on the data.T I think you have done great work. From the discussion we know that it's not easy to be a scientist. So you should work harder if you want tobe a scientist.Step m Pre-readingGet the Ss to discuss the questions on Page 25 with the

32、ir partners. Then ask the Ss to tell their stories. Encourage the Ss to tell different stories. If they don ' t know any, tell them some.T Nowplease look at the slide show. And discuss these questions with your partners. Then I ' ll ask some students to tell us their stories. Are you clear?S

33、s Yes, Sir/Madam.1. Do you know each religion or culture has its own ideas about the beginning of the universe? Please give an example if you know.2. Do you know what a scientific idea is?After the Ss ' discussion, teacher says the following.T Now who' d like to tell us a story? Volunteer!S1

34、 Let me try. In China, we all know that Pangu separates the sky from the earth.T Can you describe the story in details?S1 Sorry, I can ' t remember clearly.T Who can? Nobody? Now I ' ll tell you. Look at the screen.Pangu separates the sky from the earthThe sky and the earth were at first one

35、 blurred entitylike an egg. Pangu was born into it. The separation of the sky and the earth took 18,000 years- the Yang which was light and pure rose to bee the sky, and the Yin which was heavy and murky sank to form the earth.Between them was Pangu, whowent through nine changes every day, his wisdo

36、m, greater than that of the sky and his ability greater than that of the earth.Every day the sky rose ten feet higher, the earth becameten feet thicker, and Pangu grew ten feet taller. Another 18,000 years passed, and there was an extremely high sky, an extremely thick earth, and an extremely tall P

37、angu. Then came the Three Emperors (the Emperor of the Sky,the Emperorof the Earth, and the Emperor of the Men.)So these numbers cameinto existence and evolve like this. The number begins with one, bees established at three, is pleted at five, prospers at seven, and ends in nine. So the sky is ninet

38、y thousand li from the earth. Other legends about the beginning of universe The Biblical Account“In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. The earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the spirit of God was hovering over the waters. And God said.”Day

39、1 God spoke and separated light from darkness creatingDay and NightDay 2 God spoke and separated the water creating sky and ocean Day 3 God spoke and created dry land Day 4 God spoke and created the sun, moon and stars Day 5 God spoke and created living creatures in the air and seaDay 6 God spoke an

40、d created the land animals and man Day 7 God rested and blessed this day calling it Holy IndiaBrahma has created the world many times. Thi s creation is repeated every four ages or yugas. There are four yugas in one eon or kalpa. In the beginning of each kalpa the world is a watery chaos.As Brahma t

41、hought beings were created. The demons were created by a wind from his rectum. After creating the demonshe discarded his body which becamenight. He assumed a new body and out of his mouth came the shining gods or devas. This body was also discarded and becameday. With his next body he created ancest

42、or spirits. With his fourth body Brahma created human beings. This discarded body became the moon. With the fifth body Brahmahad a strange thought and he created ogres, terrible creatures that wanted to devour the primordial sea of chaos. In shock at what he had done he then created ghouls. Finally

43、he regained his senses and created birds, mammals, plants and all the other life that we see today.JapanIn the beginning the world was chaos until the heaven and earth separated. When this separation occurred the Three High Deities created two principles, the passive, Izanami or the Female, and the

44、active, Izanagi or the Male. It was these two people who are our ancestors.In the beginning the heaven and the earth were one. The In (Yin) and Yo (Yang) had not been separated. All that existed was chaos in the form of an egg. This egg contained the seeds of the creation. Heaven, being madeof the p

45、urer portion of the substance rose and the earth being heavier did not. As the heaven rose , the islands began to be formed. Later a strange plant grew between heaven and earth which becamea great male god. Two additional male gods followed. These three were formed by the will of heaven. Following t

46、his six deifies were formed and then Izanagi (the male ) and Izanami (the female ). Izanagi and Izanami were the first ancestors. They thrust down the jeweled spear of heaven into the sea. As they lifted the spear the liquid on the tip formed the islands of Japan.EuropeCelticThere were giants in the

47、 past. These giants were the gods. During the first winter a large giant was made from the hoarfrost. When this giantwas exposed to fire he naturally melted. The body of this giant became the world. His hair becamethe forests. His skull becamethe sky. His blood produced the sea. His bones produced t

48、he mountains. In the middle of the earth on high mountains live the gods. South America IncaThe Incas worshiped a god named Pachacamac, also known as Viracocha.This god had originally risen from the water of Lake Titicaca and created the stars, planets and the moon. Pachacamaccreated everything, inc

49、luding people, out of clay. Because he felt sorry for humans, Pachacamac sent his daughter, the moongod, to teach humanshow to build houses, grow crops and make clothes. The children of Pachacamac lived at lake Titicaca but could travel. When they traveled they were required to stick into the ground

50、 a golden rod they received from their father, Pachacamac. Each time this happened the humans would build a city.T Are they interesting? Though they are interesting, they are only legends. We should believe a scientific idea. What ' s a scientific idea?S2 It should be an idea ing from scientific

51、 theory.T Quite right. Now we ' ll e to Reading. That ' s a scientific idea.Step IV ReadingReadthe passage carefully and analyse its structure. Write downthe main idea for each paragraph.Para.1 A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universePara 2 The formation of the earthPara.

52、3 The importance of water for lifePara.4 The development of plants and animals on the earthPara.5 The arrival of humans and their impact on the earthReading and answer the questions.1. Why was the earth different from other planets?The water remained.2. Why was life able to develop on the earth but

53、not on other planets?The water stayed on the earth but not on other planets.3. Why was it necessary for plants to grow before animals?Plants provided oxygen for animals to breathe.4. What problem is caused by human beings?They cause global warming.5. Why is it wrong in films and stories to show dino

54、saurs and people together?Because dinosaurs died out long before humanbeings developed on the earth.6. Why do you think that humans are the cleverest animals on the earth?They are the cleverest animals because they have larger brains thanany other creature on the earth so far.7. Why is it wrong in f

55、ilms and stories to show dinosaurs and people together?Because dinosaurs died out long before humanbeings developed on the earth.8. There used to be nine planets in the solar system. Recently scientists have decided that one of them can no longer be considered a planet. Do you know the name of that

56、planet? Do you know why they removed it?Pluto. Scientists now think it is too small to be called a planet.Analyze how life began on earth.ListeningListen to the tape for the students to follow and have further understanding of the passage.T Readafter the tape, then answer mesomequestions with your b

57、ook closed. Play the tapeT How did water e into being on the earth?If one student can ' t answer pletely, ask two or three or more students.Ss The explosion of the earth produced water vapor, which turned into water when the earth cooled down.T Why is water important on the earth?Ss Because water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases into theoceans and seas.T No.3, finish the following form.1 small plants in_'water3 g*on 1and-6 66 forests一：4insects(on land)-5_-Key to the exercise 2. shellfish and all sort