高考英語第二輪復習名師精編閱讀理解詳解(四)

1、高考英語第二輪復習名師精編閱讀理解詳解ASandraCisneroswasborninChicagoin1954toaMexicanAmericanfamily.Astheonlygirlinafamilyofsevenchildren,sheoftenfeltlikeshehad“sevenfathers”,becausehersixbrothers,aswellasherfather,triedtocontrolher.Feelingshyandunimportant,sheretreated（朵避）intobooks.Despiteherloveofreading,shedidnotdo

2、wellinelementaryschoolbecauseshewastooshytoparticipate.Inhighschool,withtheencouragementofoneparticularteacher,Cisnerosimprovedhergradesandworkedfortheschoolliterarymagazine.Herfatherencouragedhertogotocollegebecauseherthoughtitwouldbeagoodwayforhertofindahusband.Cisnerosdidattendcollege,butinsteado

3、fsearchingforahusband,shefoundateacherwhohelpedherjointhefamousgraduatewritingprogramattheUniversityofIowa.AttheuniversitysWritersWorkshop,however,shefeltlonelyaMexicanAmericanfromapoorneighborhoodamongstudentsfromwealthyfamilies.ThefeelingofbeingsodifferenthelpedCisnerosfindher“Creativevoice.”“Itwa

4、snotuntilthismomentwhenIconsideredmyselftrulydifferentthatmywritingacquiredavoice.IknewIwasaMexicanwoman,butIdidntthinkithadanythingtodowithwhyIfeltsomuchimbalanceinmylife,butithadeverythingtodowithit!ThatswhenIdecidedIwouldwriteaboutsomethingmyclassmatescouldntwriteabout.”Cisnerospublishedherfirstw

5、ork,TheHouseonMangoStreet,whenshewastwenty-nine.ThebooktellsaboutayoungMexicanAmericangirlgrowingupinaSpanish-speakingareainChicago,muchliketheneighborhoodsinwhichCisneroslivedasachild.Thebookwonanawardin1985andhasbeenusedinclassesfromhighschoolthroughgraduateschoollevel.Sincethen,Cisneroshaspublish

6、edseveralbooksofpoetry,achildrensbook,andashort-storycollection.1. WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutCisnerosinherchildhood?A. Shehadsevenbrothers.B. Shefeltherselfanobody.C. Shewastooshytogotoschool.D. Shedidnothaveanygoodteachers.2. ThegraduateprogramgaveCisnerosachanceto.A. workforaschoolmagazineB. r

7、unawayfromherfamilyC. makealotoffriendsD. developherwritingstyle3. AccordingtoCisneros,whatplayedthedecisiveroleinhersuccess?A. Herearlyyearsincollege.B. HertrainingintheWorkshop.C. Herfeelingofbeingdifferent.D. Herchildhoodexperience.4. WhatdowelearnaboutTheHouseonMangoStree?tA. Itisquitepopularamo

8、ngstudents.B. ItistheonlybookeverwrittenbyCisneros.C. ItwasntsuccessasitwaswritteninSpanish.D. ItwonanawardwhenCisneroswastwenty-nine.BIlovecharity（慈善）shopsandsodolotsofotherpeopleinBritainbecauseyoufindquiteafewofthemoneveryhighstreet.ThecharityshopisaBritishinstitution,sellingeverythingfromclothes

9、toelectricgoods,allatverygoodprices.Youcangetthingsyouwontfindintheshopsanymore.ThethingIlikebestaboutthemisthatyourmoneyisgoingtoagoodcauseandnotintothepocketsofprofit-drivencompanies,andyouarenotdamagingtheplanet,butfindinganewhomeforunwantedgoods.Thefirstcharityshopwasopenedin1947byOxfam.Thefamou

10、scharitysappealtoaidpostwarGreecehadbeensosuccessfulithadbeenfloodedwithdonations（JW貝曾物）.Theydecidedtosetupashoptosellsomeofthesedonationstoraisemoneyforthatappeal.Nowthereareover7,000charityshopsintheUK.MyfavouritecharityshopinmyhometownistheRedCrossshop,whereIalwaysfindchildrensbooks,all10or20penc

11、eeach.Mostofthepeopleworkinginthecharityshopsarevolunteers,althoughthereisoftenamanagerwhogetspaid.Over90%ofthegoodsinthecharityshopsaredonatedbythepublic.Everymorningyouseebagsofunwanteditemsoutsidethefrontofshops,althoughtheydontencouragethis,ratheraskpeopletobringthingsinwhentheshopisopen.Theshop

12、shaveverylowrunningcosts:allprofitsgotocharitywork.Charityshopsraisemorethan110millionayear,funding（資助）medicalresearch,overseasaid,supportingsickandpoorchildren,homelessanddisabledpeople,andmuchmore.Whatbetterplacetospendyourmoney?Yougetsomethingspecialforaverygoodpriceandagoodmoralsense.Youprovidef

13、undstoagoodcauseandtreadlightlyontheenvironment.5. Theauthorlovesthecharityshopmainlybecauseof.A. itsconvenientlocationB. itsgreatvarietyofgoodsC. itsspiritofgoodwillD. itsniceshoppingenvironment6. ThefirstcharityshopintheUKwassetupto.A. sellcheapproductsB. dealwithunwantedthingsC. raisemoneyforpati

14、entsD. helpaforeigncountry7. WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutcharityshops?A. Theoperatingcostsareverylow.B. Thestaffareusuallywellpaid.C. 90%ofthedonationsaresecond-hand.D. Theyareopentwenty-fourhoursaday.8. Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?A. WhattoBuyaCharityShops.B. CharityShop:Its

15、Origin&Development.C. CharityShop:WhereYouBuytoDonate.D. ThePublicsConcernaboutCharityShops.CMichaelFishmaysoonbereplacedasaweatherforecasterbysomethingtrulyfishier-theshark（鯊魚）.ResearchbyaBritishbiologystudentsuggeststhatsharkscouldbeusedtopredictstorms.LaurenSmith,24,isclosetocompletingherstudyons

16、harksabilitytosensepressure.Ifherstudiesprovethetheory,scientistsmaybeabletomonitorthebehaviourofsharkstopredictbadweather.MissSmithhadpreviouslystudiedthebehaviouroflemonsharksintheBahamas.Shethenusedtheircloserelatives,lesserspotteddogfish,forfurtherresearchatAberdeenUniversity.Herwork-thoughttobe

17、thefirstofitskindtotestthepressuretheoryresultedfromtheobservationthatjuvenileblacktipsharksoffFloridamovedintodeeperwateraheadofaviolentstormin2001.MissSmithsaid:“Ivealwaysbeencrazyabouttravelinganddivingandthisledmetoaninterestinsharks”.“Iwasdelightedtohavebeenabletoresearchintheareaformydegree.Ik

18、nowtheressomuchmoreweneedtounderstandbutitcertainlyopensthewaytomoreresearch”.Ithasbeendiscoveredthatasharksensespressureusinghaircellsinitsbalancesystem.AttheBiminiSharkLabintheBahamas,MissSmithfixedhi-techsensorstosharkstorecordpressureandtemperature,whilealsotrackingthemusingGPS（GlobalPositioning

19、System）technology.InAberdeen,shewasabletostudytheeffectsoftidal（潮汐的）andtemperaturechangesondogfishnoneofwhichwereharmed.Shealsousedaspeciallabwhichcanmimic（模擬）oceanicpressurechangescausedbyweatherfronts.Sheisduetocompleteherstudyandgraduatelaterthisyear.Shesaysshewillbelookingforajobwhichwillgiveher

20、thechancetoenrichherexperienceofsharkresearch.9. Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom.A. ashort-storycollectionB. apopularsciencemagazineC. aresearchpaperD. apersonaldiary10. Whatdowelearnfromthefirstfourparagraphofthepassage?A. Sharksmaybeusedtopredictbadweather.B. Sharksbehaviourcanbecontrolled.C. Mi

21、chaelFishisnotqualifiedforhisjob.D. LaurenSmithwillbecomeaweatherforecaster.11. LaurenSmithconductedherresearchby.A. removinghaircellsfromasharksbalancesystemB. measuringtheairpressureofweatherfrontsC. recordingsharksbodytemperatureD. monitoringsharksreactiontoweatherchanges12. Whatisthepassagemainl

22、yabout?A. Apopularwayofforecastingweather.B. Anewresearcheffortinpredictingstorms.C. Biologistsinterestinthesecretsofsharks.D. LaurenSmithsdevotiontoscientificresearch.DWecanachieveknowledgeeitheractivelyorpassively（被動地）.Weachieveitactivelybydirectexperience,bytestingandprovinganidea,orbyreasoning.W

23、eachieveknowledgepassivelybybeingtoldbysomeoneelse.MostofthelearningthattakesplaceintheclassroomandthekindthathappenswhenwewatchTVorreadnewspapersormagazinesispassive.Conditionedaswearetopassivelearning,itnotsurprisingthatwedependonitinoureverydaycommunicationwithfriendsandco-workers.Unfortunately,p

24、assivelearninghasaseriousproblem.Itmakesustendtoacceptwhatwearetoldevenwhenitislittlemorethanhearsayandrumor（iSI言）.DidyoueverplaythegameRumor?Itbeginswhenonepersonwritesdownamessagebutdoesntshowittoanyone.Thenthepersonwhispersit,wordforword,toanotherperson.Thatperson,inturn,whispersittostillanother,

25、andsoon,throughallthepeopleplayingthegame.Thelastpersonwritesdownthemessagewordforwordasheorshehearsit.Thenthetwowrittenstatementsarecompared.Typically,theoriginalmessagehaschanged.Thatswhathappensindailylife.Thesimplefactthatpeoplerepeatastoryintheirownwordschangesthestory.Then,too,mostpeoplelisten

26、imperfectly.Andmanyenjoyaddingtheirowncreativetouchtoastory,tryingtoimproveonit,stamping（打上標記）itwiththeirownpersonalstyle.Yetthosewhohearitthinktheyknow.Thisprocessisalsofoundamongscholarsandauthors:Astatementofopinionbyonewritermaybere-statedasfactbyanother,whomayinturnbequotedbyyetanother;andthisp

27、rocessmaycontinue,unlessitoccurstosomeonetoquestionthefactsonwhichtheoriginalwriterbasedhisopinionortochallengetheinterpretationheplaceduponthosefacts.13.Accordingtothepassage,passivelearningmayoccurin.A. doingamedicalexperimentB. solvingamathproblemC. visitinganexhibitionD. doingscientificreasoning

28、14. Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2refersto.A. activelearningB. knowledgeC. communicationD. passivelearning15. TheauthormentionsthegameRumortoshowthat.A. amessagemaybechangedwhenbeingpassedonB. amessageshouldbedeliveredindifferentwaysC. peoplemayhaveproblemswiththeirsenseofhearingD. peopletendnott

29、obelieveinwhattheyknowasrumor16. Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A. Activelearningislessimportant.B. Passivelearningmaynotbereliable.C. Activelearningoccursmorefrequently.D. Passivelearningisnotfoundamongscholars.EAskids,myfriendsandIspentalotoftimeoutinthewoods.“Thewoods”wasourpart-timeaddress,destina

30、tion,purpose,andexcuse.IfIwenttoafriendshouseandfoundhimnotathome,hismothermightsay,“Oh,hesoutinthewoods,”withatone（語氣）ofairyacceptance.ItssimilartothetonepeoplesometimesusenowadaystotellmethatsomeoneImlookingforisonthegolfcourseoratthegym,oreven“awayfromhisdesk.”Forusten-year-olds,“beingoutinthewoo

31、ds”wasjustanexcusetodowhateverwefeellikeforawhile.Wesometimestoldourselvesthatwhatweweredoinginthewoodswasexploring（探索）.Exploringwasamorepopularideabackthenthanitistoday.Historyseemedtobemostlyaboutexplorers.Ourexplorations,though,seemedtohavelesssystemthanthehistorickind:somethingusuallycameupalong

32、theway.Saywestayedinthewoods,throwingrocks,shootingfrogs,pickingblackberries,digginginwhatwewerebrieflypersuadedwasanItalianburialmound.Oftenwegot“l(fā)ost”andhadtoclimbatreetofindoutwherewewere.Ifyoureadastoryinwhichsomeonedoesthatsuccessfully,beskeptical:thetopmostbranchesareusuallytooskinnytoholdweig

33、ht,andwecouldneverclimbhighenoughtoseeanythingexceptothertrees.Therewerefourorfivetreesthatwevisitedregularly-tallbeeches,easytoclimbandcomfortabletositin.Itwasinatree,too,thatourdaysoffoolingaroundinthewoodscametoanend.Bythensomeofushasreachedseventhgradeandhadbeguntheroughrideofadolescenceff春期）.In

34、March,themonthwhenweusuallytooktothewoodsagainafterwinter,twofriendsandIsetouttogoexploring.Weclimbedatree,andallofasuddenitoccurredtoallthreeofusatthesametimethatwerereallywereratherbigtobeupinatree.SoontherewouldbethespringdancesonFridayeveningsinthehighschoolcafeteria.17. Theauthorandhisfiendswer

35、eoftenoutinthewoodsto.A. spendtheirfreetimeB. playgoldandothersportsC. avoiddoingtheirschoolworkD. keepawayfromtheirparents18. WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A. Theactivitiesinthewoodswerewellplanned.B. Humanhistoryisnottheresultofexploration.C.Explorationshouldbeasystematicactivity.D.Theauthorexplore

36、dinthewoodsaimlessly.19. TheunderlinedwordSkeptical”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto.A. calmB. doubtfulC. seriousD. optimistic20. Howdoestheauthorfeelabouthischildhood?A. Happybutshort.B. Lonelybutmemorable.C. Boringandmeaningless.D. Longandunforgettable.(A)本篇文章為我們介紹了一個人物一一有一個害羞的小女孩成為知名作家的故事，著重描述了她獨

37、特寫作風格形成的原因.1.B事實細節(jié)題。由第一段的第三句話感到害羞，不重要，她躲到書本中可知應選nobody不重要的人，小人物從文中第一段的第二句提到她有6個哥哥，可刪除A由文中第二段第一句可知D項不正確。2. D事實細節(jié)題。由第二段最后兩句在大學的文學社，她感到孤獨這種與別人不同的認知幫助她找到了她的獨創(chuàng)聲音即寫作風格可推知D項正確。3. C事實細節(jié)題。由第三段第一句她所說的直到我認識到我真的與眾不同我的寫作才獲得聲音可得知C項正確。4. A事實細節(jié)題。由第四段第二句hasbeenusedinclassesfromhighschoolthroughgraduateschoollevel(這本

38、書從高中到大學的課上都被使用)可知A項正確。由最后一段可知B項中的only不正確。C項是邏輯錯誤。由最后一段的前兩句可知D項不正確。(B)本文主要介紹了慈善商店的基本特色以及慈善商店的創(chuàng)建與發(fā)展。5. C推理判斷題。由第一段第四句ThethingIlikebestaboutthemisthatyourmoneyisgoingtoagoodcause我最喜歡慈善商店的一點是你的錢用于有用的事業(yè)可推斷出C項為正確答案。goodwill含義為好意6. D事實細節(jié)題。由第二段第二、三兩句thefamouscharitysappealtoaidpostwarGreecehadbeensosuccessf

39、ul可知第一個慈善商店的建立是為了籌錢援助戰(zhàn)后的希臘。而從文章的第一段可知作者是英國人。因此，D項正確。C項中的patients未提。7. A事實細節(jié)題。由第四段第一句Theshopshaveverylowrunningcosts可知A項正確。running相當于operating”含義為“運營由第三段第一句中volunteer（志愿者）可知B項不正確。由第三段第二句可知慈善商店中90必上的商品為公眾捐贈，但并不能推出是“二手貨，故C項不正確。D項未提8. C主旨大意題。本文的最后一句為主題句。由agoodmoralsense（好的道德感）和Youprovidefundstoagoodcaus

40、e（你為一項有意義的事業(yè)提供資金）”可知C項為最好題目。CharityShop：WhereYouBuyToDonate.（慈善商店一個買東西就相當于捐款的地方。）（C）本文為科普類文章，介紹了一位英國生物系學生對于鯊魚來預測暴風雨的研究。9.B推理判斷題。本題適宜用排除法。由文章內容來看這是一篇科普文，A、D可刪除，由文章的語言來看，并未出現(xiàn)大量的專業(yè)術語，可刪除Caresearchpaper（科研論文）10.A推理判斷題。由第一段和第四段可知，前四段所要表達的含義為Ifherstudiesprovethetheory,scientistsmaybeabletomonitorthebehavi

41、orofSharkstopredictbadweather.（科學家們可以通過監(jiān)視鯊魚的行為來預測不好的天氣.故A項正確。11 .D事實細節(jié)題。由文章倒數(shù)第三段可知，MissSmith在鯊魚身上安裝高科技感應器來記錄pressure（壓力）和temperature（溫度），故選D項，C項不全面。12 .B主旨大意題。文章的主旨句為第二段，全文圍繞著鯊魚可能被用來預測天氣的研究展開。因此，B項正確。（D）本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了被動獲得知識所存在的一個嚴重的問題一一被告知的可能是謠言。并用現(xiàn)實生活中簡單的事例加以說明。13 .C推理判斷題。由文章第二段前兩句weachieveknowledg

42、epassivelybybeingtoldbysomeelse,intheclassroomandthekindthathappenswhenwewatchTVofreadnewspaperormagazinesispassive可知被動學習是指由另U人告知所獲得的知識。故選C.A、B、D都是主動學習。14 .D推理判斷題。根據(jù)it所在句可知這個代詞指代的是前句所提的被動學習，句意：在日常生活中依靠被動學習并不奇怪。15 .A推理判斷題。通過第四段最后一句可知，原始的含義改變了，例證了第三段提出的論點被動學習使我們接受被告知的事物，甚至有時是謠言。因此A項為正確項。16 .B推理判斷題。此題可

43、用排除法。AC兩項未提，而由最后一段第一句可知D項不正確。由文章第三段加后幾段的例證可推知B項正確。(E)本文描述了小時侯玩耍的樹林對與我和朋友們的意義。主要講述了我們在樹林中所從事的活動一一探索，以及之后隨著年齡的增長，不再去那里的過程。17. A事實細節(jié)題。由文章第一段一、二兩句可得到答案。18. D推理判斷題。由第二段第三句但是我們的探索與歷史上的相比不夠系統(tǒng)，有些東西通常都是在沿途中偶然出現(xiàn)的可知，作者探索是aimlessly(無目的的)19. B猜測詞義題。由畫線詞的后一句最高的樹枝通常太細以至于不能承重，所以我們從來不能爬到可以看到除了樹以外的其它事物。因此，爬到樹上找出路是不可信

44、的。20. A推理判斷題。從全文看，作者在樹林里過的很愉快，又由最后一段可知，當我們一部分人上了七年級之后。我們在樹林中的玩耍就結束了。很短暫。因此，正確選項為A.ATwentyyearsago,Idroveataxiforaliving.OnenightIwenttopickupapassengerat2:30AM.WhenIarrivedtocollect,Ifoundthebuildingwasdarkexceptforasinglelightinagroundfloorwindow.answered aI told heIwalkedtothedoorandknocked,“Justa

45、minute,”weak,elderlyvoice.Afteralongpause,thedooropened.Asmallwomaninhereightiesstoodbeforeme.Byhersidewasasmallsuitcase.Itookthesuitcasetothecar,andthenreturnedtohelpthewoman.Shetookmyarmandwewalkedslowlytowardthecar.Shekeptthankingmeformykindness.“Itsnothing,“IjusttrytotreatmypassengersthewayIwoul

46、dwantmymothertreated.”“Oh,yousruechagoodman.”Shesaid.Whenwegotintothetaxi,shegavemeanaddress,andthenasked,“Couldyoudrivethroughdowntown?”“Itsnottheshortestway,”Iansweredquickly.“Oh,Iminnohurry,shesaid.ImonmywOytoahospice（終醫(yī)院）.Idonthaveanyfamilyleft.ThedoctorsaysIdonthaveverylong.”Iquietlyreachedover

47、andshutoffthemete沖價器）.Forthenexttwohours,wedrovethroughthecity.Sheshowedmethebuildingwhereshehadonceworked,theneighborhoodwhereshehadlived,andthefurnitureshopthathadoncebeenaballroomwhereshehadgonedancingasagirl.Sometimesshedaskmetoslowdowninfrontofaparticularbuildingandwouldsitstaringintothedarknes

48、s,sayingnothing.Atdawn,shesuddenlysaid,”Imtired.Letsgonow.”Wedroveinsilencetotheaddressshehadgivenme.“HowmuchdoIoweyou?”sheasked.“Nothing.”Isaid.“Youhavetomakealiving,”sheanswered.“Oh,thereareotherpassengers,”Ianswered.Almostwithoutthinking,Ibentandgaveherahug.Sheheldontoetightly.Ourhugendedwithherr

49、emark,“Yougaveanoldwomanalittlemomentofjoy.”21. TheoldwomanchosetoridethroughthecityinordertoA. showshewasfamiliarwiththecityB. seesomeplacesforthelasttimeC. letthedriverearnmoremoneyD. reachthedestinationontime22. Thetaxidriverdidnotchargetheoldwomanbecausehe.A. wantedtodoherafavorB. shutoffthemete

50、rbymistakeC. hadreceivedherpaymentinadvanceD. wasinahurrytotakeotherpassengers23. Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A. Givingisalwaysapleasure.B. Peopleshouldrespecteachother.C. Anactofkindnesscanbringpeoplegreatjoy.D. Peopleshouldlearntoappreciateothersconcern.BDomestic（馴養(yǎng)的）horsesnowpullploughs,raceintheK

51、entuckyDerby,andcarrypolice.ButeaiiyhorseswerenttaiHe（服的）enoughtoperformthesekindsoftasks.Scientiststhinkthefirstinteractionshumanshadwithhorseswerefardifferentfromthosetoday.Thousandsofyearsago,peoplekilledthewildhorsesthatlivedaroundthemforfood.Overtime,peoplebegantocatchtheanimalsandraisethem.Thi

52、swasthefirststepindomestication.Aspeoplebegantotameandridehorses,theychosetokeepthoseanimalsthathadmoredesirablecharacteristics.Forexample,peoplemayhavechosentokeephorsesthathadagentlepersonalitysotheycouldberiddenmoreeasily.Peoplewhousedhorsestopullheavyloadswouldhavechosentokeepstrongeranimals.Cha

53、racteristicslikestrengtharepartlycontrolledbytheanimalsgenes.Soasthedomesticatedhorsesreproduced,theypassedthecharacteristicsontotheiryoung.Eachnewgenerationofhouseswouldshowmoreofthesechosencharacteristics.Moderndayhorsebreedscomeinawidevarietyofshapesandsizes.Thisvarietydidntexistinthehorsepopulat

54、ionbeforedomestication.TheShetlandhorseisoneofthesmallestbreedstypicallyreachingonlyonemetertall.Withshort,stronglegs,theanimalswerebredtopullcoaloutofmineshaftST（井）withlowceilings.HugehorsesliketheClydesdalecameonthescenearound1700.Peoplebredtheseheavy,tallhorsestopulllargevehiclesusedforcarryinghe

55、avyloads.Thedomesticationofhorseshashadgreateffectsonsocieties.Forexample,horsewereimportanttoolsintheadvancementofmodernagriculture.Usingthemtopullploughsandcarryheavyloadsallowedpeopletofarmmoreefficiently.Beforetheywereabletoridehorses,humanshadtocrosslandonfoot.Ridinghorsesallowedpeopletotravelf

56、argreaterdistanceinmuchlesstime.Thatencouragedpopulationslivingindifferentareastointeractwithoneanother.Thenewfromofrapidtransportationhelpedculturesspreadaroundtheworld.24. Beforedomesticationhorseswere.A. caughtforsportsB. huntedforfoodC. madetopullploughsD. usedtocarrypeople25. TheauthorusestheSh

57、etlandhorseasanexampletoshowA. itissmallerthantheClydesdalehorseB. horseusedtohavegentlepersonalitiesC. somehorseshavebettershapedthanothersD. horseswereoflessvarietybeforedomestication26. HorsescontributedtothespreadofculturebyA. carryingheavyloadsB. changingfarmingmethodsC. servingasameansoftransportD. advancingagricultureindifferentareas27. Thepassageismainlyabout.A. whyhumansdomesticatedhorsesB. howhumansandhorsesneededeachotherC. whyhorsescameindifferentshapesandsizesD. howhumansocietiesandhorsesinfluencedeachotherCDearHamilton,Wearefortunatethatinsuchalarge,high