人機工程PPT解析

1、 Keeping the workplace safe UCDAVIS HEALTH SYSTEM 翻譯：0940408121 徐傳瀚 0940408120 韋友光 校正、PPT制作：0940408119 王 軍 校正、演講: 0940408120韋友光Step 1: Department Management conducts the initial self evaluation with new hire or employee who transferred to a new workstation. This function may be delegated to another

2、staff member, such as the supervisor or ergonomic advocate. The review is conducted using the self-evaluation handouts. Step 2: Address any “No” items identified on the self-evaluation form. Implement changes timely. Step 3: Contact the Ergonomics Program for assistance if parties are unable to reso

3、lve corrections or if questions about equipment arise. Step 4: Conduct follow up ergonomic checks at regular intervals, or when a change in work flow or job task occurs as indicated in Step # 1. Step 5: Retain a copy of the self-evaluation and documentation of the changes in the employees department

4、 file. Forward a copy of the form to the ergonomics office located in Human Resources. 第一步：部門經(jīng)理對新員工或者對剛變換工作場地的員工進行最初的自我評價。這種功能可能會被委派給另外的員工，就像主管或者工效學支持者。這評論使用自我評價小冊子來實施第二步：在自我評價表中辨認出“NO”的條目。實施及時的變更。第三步：如果有部分不能被糾正或者設備問題上升，聯(lián)系工效學項目組尋求幫助第四步：執(zhí)行規(guī)律的工效學檢查。當工作改變或者任務發(fā)生變化，返回到第一步。第五步：保留一系列自我評價和有員工變化部門的文獻。在人力資源的工

5、效學辦公室裝訂成一系列的表格。Avoid Awkward Neck Positions Avoid Awkward Neck Positions A. A. Avoid trapping the phone between your ear and shoulder. Doing so takes your neck out of an upright position and requires tension in the neck/shoulder muscles to shrug your shoulder. Possible solutions: Possible solutions:

6、 Hold the phone with your hand Use a headset 避免不合適的頸項位置避免不合適的頸項位置A.A.避免用耳朵和肩膀把電話夾住。這樣做會讓你的脖子不在豎直位置并且聳肩時會拉升脖子和肩膀的肌肉?？梢越鉀Q的方案： 1、用手握著你的手機 2、用耳機Possible solutions: Possible solutions: Lower the monitor Raise your chair. Be sure to adjust keyboard and mouse height to maintain them at elbow height Lower c

7、ontents on the computer screen so you no longer have to tip your head up to see them 可以解決的方案可以解決的方案：1、把顯示器放低一點2、抬高你的椅子。調整你的鍵盤和鼠標的高度保證他們在你肘部的高度。3、降低電腦屏幕上文字的高度，這樣你可以不再抬頭看他們。Possible solutions:Use a document holder for items needed when on the computer Incline items on your desk when writing. A 3-ring

8、binder can serve as a reading/writing board 可以解決的方案：1、當需要的時候使用一個文檔架。2、當你寫字的時候使在桌子上的文檔傾斜。三環(huán)粘結劑可以作為一個讀寫板。Possible solutions: Get in the habit of turning your entire body instead of just your neck Mount a mirror in front of you so you can view what is behind you without turning 可以解決的方案：1、養(yǎng)成轉動你整個身體的習慣而不

9、僅僅是頸部2、在你前面放一面鏡子，這樣的話，你可以看見你后面的東西而不用轉動脖子A A、Assure keyboard remains flat for straight (neutral) wrist positions. Lower flippers on back side of the keyboard. 保持鍵盤平整來達到手腕處于豎直位置。把鍵盤的后部腳板置低。B B、 Work with keyboard and input device (mouse, trackball, touchpad) at your elbow height for straight (neutral)

10、 wrist positions. 使鍵盤和輸入設備（鼠標等）位于你的肘部高度以使手腕處于豎直位置。C C、 Use two hands when lifting large medical records, books, or binders. Use of two hands allows you to control your wrist position and requires less grip force. 當舉起較大的書本、架子的時候使用兩只手。使用兩只手能夠使得你控制手腕的位置并且使用更少的握緊力D D、 Avoid side to side wrist movement w

11、hen using the keyboard and input device. Side movement of the wrist increases if you rest your wrist firmly on a wrist rest. Allow your arm to move to the location needed instead of keeping your arm in a fixed position and deviating your wrist to the side. 當你使用鍵盤或者其他輸入設備的時候，避免手腕從一側移動到另一側。讓你的手臂移到需要的地

12、方而不是讓它在一個固定的位置脫離你的手腕A. A. Use arrow keys when possible instead of the mouse. B. B. Use enter key instead of clicking mouse when dialogue boxes are highlighted. C. C. Learn and use short cut keys for commonly used functions. For a listing of short cut keys for a given program, open the program then s

13、earch “help” for shortcut keys. D. D. Alternate mouse use between right and left hands. 減少使用輸入設備（如：鼠標）減少使用輸入設備（如：鼠標）A、如果可以，使用鍵盤來代替鼠標B、當對話框高亮時，使用回車鍵來代替點擊鼠標C、學習使用快捷鍵來作為命令功能。對一個給出的項目，打開項目的幫助菜單來尋找快捷鍵列表D、左右手交替使用鼠標A A、Avoid resting palms of hands on a wrist rest when typing. It is fine to rest the palms b

14、etween typing movements, but not recommended when actively typing. Resting when typing results in excessive reaching with the fingers to reach the keys and this increases tension in the hands.減少手的減少手的張力張力 當打字的時候手掌要避免依靠手腕休息，可以在打字中間休息手掌，但在打字的過程中不推薦這樣做。當打字的時候休息會導致手指過度的接觸鍵盤，這樣會導致手部張力的增加。B B、 Type quietl

15、y. Many individuals press the keyboard keys with more force than necessary. The louder youre typing, the harder you are pressing. Try to type quietly and be soft on the keys. C C、Slow typing speed slightly. Increased typing speed requires increased hand tension. By slowing your typing speed even 5-1

16、0%, you can greatly lessen hand tension. B、安靜地打字。有些人按鍵用很大的力氣，其實并不需要那么大的力氣。你越是用力按，打字聲音也就越大。嘗試少用些力氣，安靜地打字。C、略微放慢打字速度。打字速度越快，對應著手的張力越大。通過減少打字速度的5%10%，你能很明顯的感覺到手的張力減少了。D D、 Lighten and release grip on mouse. Check your grip on the mouse and try to lighten. When not actively using the mouse, remove your

17、hand from it to release tension in your hand. 輕微釋放握緊的鼠標。檢查你握住鼠標的情況，嘗試放松下。如果不是很頻繁地用鼠標，放開鼠標，來緩解你手部的張力E E、Lighten your grip on writing pens and pencils. Use of wider diameter pens and/or pencil grips tends to lighten grip. Use of Rollerball or very fine felt tip pens encourages use of lighter grip when

18、 writing. F F、 Microbreaks interrupt hand tension. Micro breaks are 30-60 second breaks that allow the body to rest from activity. Gentle stretching of the neck, shoulder or forearms can be done in conjunction with micro breaks. Taken on a regular basis (every 30-60 minutes) micro breaks can prevent

19、 build up of neck, shoulder, forearm and hand tension. G G、 Focus on normal breathing patterns to reduce muscle tension. E、寫字的時候放松地握住鋼筆和鉛筆。用大一點直徑的鋼筆和鉛筆這樣更能輕握它們。在寫字的時候使用中性筆有助于輕握它們。F、微休息涉及到手的張力。微休息是3060秒的休息，它使得身體從活動中休息下來?？梢栽谖⑿菹⒅猩煺共弊樱绨蚧蛘咔氨?。規(guī)律的微休息可以防止脖子、肩膀、前臂和手張力的增加。G、關注正常的呼吸模式可以減少肌肉的緊張A. Control glare

20、 on the computer monitor. When possible, orient the computer monitor perpendicular to any outside room windows. If this is not possible, control window light through use of window coverings. Avoid tipping the monitor excessively since this may cause glare from overhead lights. Instead, raise the mon

21、itor from the base. Assure task lighting does not reflect into the monitor as a source of glare. Use a glare screen if glare cannot be avoided. A、在電腦顯示器上控制強光如果可能的話，將顯示器與任何戶外窗戶垂直，如果不能的話，通過窗簾控制從窗戶過來的光線。不要過度傾斜顯示器，因為這可能會引起從頭上過來的強光。要從基部抬高顯示器確保亮光不會作為強光反射在顯示屏上如果強光不能被避免，那么使用強光顯示屏B B、 Avoid having a bright l

22、ight source behind or directly over the monitor. Avoid placing monitor in front of an outside window. If this is not possible, control window light through the use of window coverings. Avoid placing monitor directly over a bright light source. If this is not possible, control the amount of light thr

23、ough the use of existing light switches and/or asking to have lighting diminished. B、避免有亮光源在顯示器后面或者直接照射。避免將顯示器放置在窗戶前。如果這不能避免，通過窗簾控制從窗戶過來的光線。避免將顯示器直接放置在亮光源處。如果不可避免，通過使用光源開關或者尋求光源削弱的方法來控制光束。C C、 Assure contents on monitor are easily seen. Adjust distance from monitor to avoid straining to see contents

24、 Modify text size as needed Modify screen contrast/color as needed D D、 Avoid extended periods of constant computer work. Include a change in eye focus distance with regular micro breaks. Focus on distant items to change eye muscle position. Shut or cover eyes to allow eye muscles to rest.C、確保顯示器的內容

25、能被容易地看到調整顯示器的距離，避免（身體）拉伸才能看到內容有需要的話更改文本大小有需要的話更改顯示器的對比度和顏色D、避免長時間的電腦工作。包括有規(guī)律的讓眼睛做改變觀看距離的微休息。聚焦遠距離物體來改變眼部肌肉的位置。通過眨眼來使得眼部肌肉休息。Regardless of your computer workstation set up, workstation adjustments should be made so you can work in the position(s) shown below. Pay attention to: Upright neck and back p

26、ositions Elbows remaining close to sides with shoulders relaxed Forearms level Wrists straight Adjust chair for best fit with attention to: Lower back support Pressure evenly distributed along back of thighs Feet supported by floor or footstool If used, adjust chair arms to elbow height when seated

27、with shoulders relaxed 無論你的電腦工作場所是否建好，調整工作場所是應該做的，所以你可以在如下位置工作注意：注意：豎直脖子和后背的位置肘部保持靠近身體，肩膀要放松前臂水平手腕豎直注意下列幾點，把座椅調整到舒適位置：注意下列幾點，把座椅調整到舒適位置： 背下部要有支撐 壓力均勻地分布在大腿后面 地板或踏板能支撐腳 當坐著的時候放松肩膀，要調整座椅扶手到肘部高度How you achieve correct positioning depends on your workstation configuration, equipment, and available adjus

28、tments. The following show some common configurations and steps in adjusting yourself. 根據(jù)你的作業(yè)場所配置、設備和可達到的調整，怎樣達到正確的位置。下面顯示了一些通常的配置和調整你自己的步驟Keyboard and mouse placed on a desktop: Keyboard and mouse placed on a desktop: Adjust chair for best fit Raise or lower chair so with elbows in at sides and sho

29、ulders relaxed, you are at elbow height relative to the keyboard. This may mean the feet no longer remain on the floor. Provide foot support as needed to maintain even pressure across the back of the thighs. Raise or lower the monitor so the head and neck are upright when viewing the monitor. Bifoca

30、l and progressive lens users typically need the monitor in a lowered position. Position keyboard and mouse close to the front of the work surface so elbows can remain at sides when using either. Keep frequently used items (e.g. phone, documents) within close reach. 鍵盤和鼠標放置在桌子上：鍵盤和鼠標放置在桌子上：調整椅子到最佳位置升

31、高或降低椅子使得肘部讓肩膀放松，在肘部高度放置鍵盤。這可能導致腳無法放置在地上。大腿后部會有壓力，有需要的話要提供一個踏板觀看電腦時，抬高或者降低顯示器，使你的脖子和頭部保持豎直。戴眼鏡的使用者需要把顯示器放在低一點的位置把鼠標和鍵盤放置在離桌面近的地方。這樣當使用他們的時候肘部可以保持在兩邊。Keyboard and mouse on adjustable keyboard trayKeyboard and mouse on adjustable keyboard tray: : Adjust chair for best fit Position chair height where co

32、mfortable Adjust keyboard tray height to your seated elbow height Raise or lower monitor so head and neck are upright when viewing the monitor. Bifocal and progressive lens users who cannot lower the monitor far enough may need to adjust chair height for upright head and neck positions then readjust

33、 keyboard tray height to seated elbow height Stay close to the keyboard tray so elbows can remain at sides when using the keyboard and mouse Keep frequently used items (e.g. phone, documents) close 鍵盤和鼠標放置在可調節(jié)的鍵盤拖上鍵盤和鼠標放置在可調節(jié)的鍵盤拖上調整座椅到舒適位置調整座椅高度到舒適位置調整鍵盤拖高度至你坐著時肘部的高度觀看電腦時，抬高或者降低顯示器，使你的脖子和頭部保持豎直。戴眼鏡的

34、使用者如果不能降低顯示到需要的高度則要調整椅子的高度使得頭和脖子保持豎直，然后再調整鍵盤拖到肘部高度。保持靠近鍵盤拖，這樣使用鍵盤和鼠標的時候肘部可以保持在兩邊。What adjustments should be considered for this What adjustments should be considered for this workstation? workstation? Legs on keyboard should be in down position Obtain wider keyboard tray to accommodate mouse Move te

35、lephone within reach if telephone is frequently used 在工作場所中什么需要被考慮調整？在工作場所中什么需要被考慮調整？鍵盤腳要放置在低位獲得一個寬的鍵盤拖來容納鼠標如果經(jīng)常使用電話，把它挪到夠得到的地方Position Yourself Correctly: Quick workstation adjustments can improve your comfort when using the EMR System. Adjust the keyboard surface to your elbow height (shown left).

36、 Check that center pedal (shown below) is in the unlocked, horizontal position prior to adjusting keyboard surface. To adjust, grasp sides of white writing surface and apply pressure up or down. 正確正確你你自己自己位置：位置：使用EMR系統(tǒng)時，迅速調整工作場所能夠改善你的舒適度 調整鍵盤編碼到你肘部的高度。檢查滾輪有沒有沒被鎖定、在水平位置再檢查鍵盤表面。Minimal pressure should

37、 be needed. Report carts that are difficult to adjust. Bifocal and progressive lens users may need to position the keyboard slightly lower to avoid having to tilt the head up when viewing the monitor. Work with elbows in at sides, shoulders relaxed, wrists straight (neutral), not bent up/down/in/out

38、. 小的壓力是需要的，因為手推車是很難調整的 在觀察顯示器的時候戴眼鏡的使用者需要將鍵盤放置在稍微低一點的位置來避免頭部的傾斜 在肘部在兩邊、肩膀放松下工作。手腕豎直，不要彎曲。Incorrect Positions（不正確的不正確的位置）位置）A. Keyboard and Mouse Too Low (鍵盤和鼠標太低)B. Wrists Extended (手腕太過彎曲)C. Keyboard Too High Wrists Flexed, Shoulders Shrugged (鍵盤太高、手腕彎曲、聳肩)1 1. Reduce Hand and Forearm Tension . Red

39、uce Hand and Forearm Tension a. a. Reduce mouse useUse up/down arrow keys or tab key to move between fields on entry screens instead of the mouse b. b. Keep “Detail Window” opentype first letter or number of selection instead of clicking on drop down menus c. c. Use light touch on keyboard and mouse

40、 d. d. Release grip on the mouse when not actively using 1 1、降低手和前臂的張力、降低手和前臂的張力a、減少使用鼠標使用鍵盤代替鼠標b、保持“細節(jié)窗口”打開選擇第一個字母或者數(shù)字而不是點擊下拉菜單c、輕擊鼠標和鍵盤d、不經(jīng)常使用的話，放開鼠標2.2.Should Should mild symptoms arise mild symptoms arise Contact an EMR Superuser or Department Ergonomic Advocate immediately to have your position

41、 and work habits checked. Small changes in positions and/or use of arrow and tab keys may be all that is needed to resolve your symptoms if addressed early. If symptoms continue or worsen, discuss with your charge nurse, manager or supervisor 2 2、出現(xiàn)輕微的癥狀、出現(xiàn)輕微的癥狀立刻聯(lián)系EMR超級用戶或者工效學部門來檢查你的位置和工作習慣。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)的早，稍微改變一下你的位置或者使用鍵盤會緩解你的癥狀如果癥狀持續(xù)或者惡化，與你的醫(yī)生、經(jīng)理或者主管交流Quick workstation adjustments can improve your comfort when using the EMR Syst